Association between suicidal behavior and symptoms of other mental health problems in Mexican adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Suicidal behavior in adolescents is a growing public health problem. Knowing its risk factors is key for reducing it. OBJECTIVE: To identify the relationship between two suicidal behaviors (ideation and attempt) and eight mental health problems (MHPs) in Mexican adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Through an online survey of adolescent students from 20 states, the following information was screened: symptomatology of six MHPs (affective problems/depression, behavioral problems, somatic problems, inattention and hyperactivity problems, oppositional defiant problems and anxiety problems) and suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation and suicide attempts). MHP and suicidal behavior frequencies and percentages were analyzed, and associations were sought using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Six-thousand seven hundred sixty-six adolescents completed the survey, out of whom 61.02% were females, with ages ranging between 11 and 19 years (16.38 ± 1.33); 10% reported suicidal behavior, and between 3 and 5%, MHPs. The predictors (χ2(8) = 387.13, p < 0.001) of suicidal behavior were affective problems/depression, behavioral problems, somatic problems, oppositional defiant problems and anxiety problems. CONCLUSION: Five mental health problems increased the risk of reporting suicidal behaviors.

ANTECEDENTES: Las conductas suicidas en adolescentes son un problema de salud pública que va en aumento. Conocer sus factores de riesgo es clave para reducirlas. OBJETIVO: Identificar la relación entre dos conductas suicidas (ideación e intento) y ocho problemas de salud mental (PSM) en adolescentes mexicanos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Mediante una encuesta en línea a adolescentes escolarizados de 20 estados, se tamizó la siguiente información: sintomatología de seis PSM (problemas afectivos/depresión, problemas conductuales, problemas somáticos, problemas de inatención e hiperactividad, problemas oposicionistas desafianes y problemas de ansiedad) y conducta suicida (ideación e intentos de suicidio). Se analizaron frecuencias y porcentajes y se indagó asociación mediante regresión logística binaria. RESULTADOS: Completaron la encuesta 6766 adolescentes entre 11 y 19 años (16.38 ± 1.33), 61.02 % del sexo femenino. El 10 % reportó conducta suicida y entre 3 y 5 %, PSM. Los factores predictivos (χ2(8) = 387.13, p < 0.001) de la conducta suicida fueron problemas afectivos/depresión, problemas conductuales, problemas somáticos, problemas oposicionistas desafiantes y problemas de ansiedad. CONCLUSIÓN: Cinco problemas de salud mental incrementaron el riesgo de reportar conductas suicidas.

Asociación entre conducta suicida y síntomas de otros problemas de salud mental en adolescentes mexicanos / Association between suicidal behavior and symptoms of other mental health problems in Mexican adolescents

Resumen Antecedentes: Las conductas suicidas en adolescentes son un problema de salud pública que va en aumento. Conocer sus factores de riesgo es clave para reducirlas. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre dos conductas suicidas (ideación e intento) y ocho problemas de salud mental (PSM) en adolescentes mexicanos. Material y métodos: Mediante una encuesta en línea a adolescentes escolarizados de 20 estados, se tamizó la siguiente información: sintomatología de seis PSM (problemas afectivos/depresión, problemas conductuales, problemas somáticos, problemas de inatención e hiperactividad, problemas oposicionistas desafianes y problemas de ansiedad) y conducta suicida (ideación e intentos de suicidio). Se analizaron frecuencias y porcentajes y se indagó asociación mediante regresión logística binaria. Resultados: Completaron la encuesta 6766 adolescentes entre 11 y 19 años (16.38 ± 1.33), 61.02 % del sexo femenino. El 10 % reportó conducta suicida y entre 3 y 5 %, PSM. Los factores predictivos (χ2(8) =387.13, p < 0.001) de la conducta suicida fueron problemas afectivos/depresión, problemas conductuales, problemas somáticos, problemas oposicionistas desafiantes y problemas de ansiedad. Conclusión: Cinco problemas de salud mental incrementaron el riesgo de reportar conductas suicidas.

Abstract Background: Suicidal behavior in adolescents is a growing public health problem. Knowing its risk factors is key for reducing it. Objective: To identify the relationship between two suicidal behaviors (ideation and attempt) and eight mental health problems (MHPs) in Mexican adolescents. Material and methods: Through an online survey of adolescent students from 20 states, the following information was screened: symptomatology of six MHPs (affective problems/depression, behavioral problems, somatic problems, inattention and hyperactivity problems, oppositional defiant problems and anxiety problems) and suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation and suicide attempts). MHP and suicidal behavior frequencies and percentages were analyzed, and associations were sought using binary logistic regression. Results: Six-thousand seven hundred sixty-six adolescents completed the survey, out of whom 61.02% were females, with ages ranging between 11 and 19 years (16.38 ± 1.33); 10% reported suicidal behavior, and between 3 and 5%, MHPs. The predictors (χ2(8) = 387.13, p < 0.001) of suicidal behavior were affective problems/depression, behavioral problems, somatic problems, oppositional defiant problems and anxiety problems. Conclusions: Five mental health problems increased the risk of reporting suicidal behaviors.

Reprint of: Associations between mental health problems and Adverse Childhood Experiences ACEs in indigenous and non-indigenous Mexican adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have long-term consequences. The ACEs model has been extensively used in high-income countries. However, its effectiveness has yet to be demonstrated in low and middle-income countries and marginalized social groups. In indigenous populations, research has found inconsistent results in the prevalence and the relationship between ACEs and mental health outcomes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were 1) to determine the ACEs frequency among indigenous and non-indigenous Mexican adolescents; 2) to test the association between ACE scores and symptoms of Mental Health Problems (SMHP) in both groups; and 3) to review the ACEs model adequacy for the indigenous adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS: Data from an online survey in 20 of the 32 states of Mexico were analyzed. We selected an 87 adolescent sample from indigenous families and 174 non-indigenous matched for age, sex, and state of residence, with a mean age of 16 years; 60 % were women. METHODS: ACE-IQ questionnaire and Youth Self Report instrument (eight SMHP) were used to collect data. ACEs' frequency was analyzed for each group, and Pearson correlations were used to identify the relationship between ACEs and SMHP. RESULTS: There was no statistical significance between Indigenous and non-Indigenous adolescents in the ACEs report. ACE scores were associated with eight SMHP. Correlations between ACE score and SMHP were higher in non-indigenous adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: ACEs were experienced similarly by both groups and were associated with mental health in all participants. Further research is needed to improve ACEs measurement in indigenous populations.

ACEs and mental health problems as suicidality predictors in Mexican adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Various factors, including mental health comorbidity, family dysfunction, interpersonal violence, and community and social violence, cause suicidal behavior. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) encompass these risk factors and are correlated with mental health problems and suicidal behavior in Mexican adolescents. METHODS: A survey was conducted among Mexican school-aged adolescents to measure ACEs, MHP symptoms, and suicidal behavior. A binary logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between these variables. The study was conducted with IRB approval, and all participants provided informed consent. Those at risk of suicide were referred for online psychological care. RESULTS: 7325 adolescents participated; 60 % were women, with an average age of 16 years (SD + 1), 87 % of the participants reported at least one ACE, 13 % symptoms of at least one MHP and 10 % suicidal behavior. MHP predictors of suicidal behavior were: conduct problems (OR = 5.67), symptoms of depression (OR = 3.27), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR = 2.11), somatic problems (OR = 1.98), and attention deficit (OR = 1.69). EAI predictors were: live sexual violence (OR = 2.53), physical violence (OR = 2.21), negligence (OR = 2.05), bullying (OR = 2.10), and a family member with a mental health diagnosis (OR = 1.35). The cumulative effect of ACEs and MHP significantly increased the risk (OR = 78.08). CONCLUSIONS: 5 ACEs and 4 MHP were associated with suicidal behavior; their cumulative effect increased the risk to 78 times.

ACE-IQ extended version validation and ACE's frequency in Mexican adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) may have short, middle, and long-term consequences on people's development and physical and mental health. There is a need for information on this subject in low- and middle-income countries and a need to reduce recall bias in ACEs research worldwide. OBJECTIVE: Hence our objectives were to translate, adapt and validate the Adverse Childhood Experiences extended version and to determine ACEs frequencies in a sample of Mexican adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: A convenience sample of 5835 schooled Mexican adolescents (age: M = 16.13, SD = 1.32; 61.01 % females) from 20 states in Mexico completed a survey. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted with an extended version of the ACE-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ), which assesses 23 ACEs organized into five categories: situations that cause household dysfunction, exposure to violence, violence from parents or guardians, interpersonal violence, and sociodemographic context. RESULTS: Evidence of construct validity and reliability of the questionnaire was obtained, and 16 ACEs were included in the final ACE-IQ version. 90 % of adolescents had one or more ACEs. Neglect was the most experienced ACE reported by 73.30 % of the participants, with no significant difference by age, sex, or geographic region. CONCLUSION: ACE-IQ questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument to recommend its use for generating information on ACEs in studies on Mexican adolescents. The results on the frequency of ACEs revealed that 90 % of this schooled Mexican adolescent sample had experienced one or more ACEs, and about a third had experienced six or more.

Associations between mental health problems and Adverse Childhood Experiences ACEs in indigenous and non-indigenous Mexican adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have long-term consequences. The ACEs model has been extensively used in high-income countries. However, its effectiveness has yet to be demonstrated in low and middle-income countries and marginalized social groups. In indigenous populations, research has found inconsistent results in the prevalence and the relationship between ACEs and mental health outcomes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were 1) to determine the ACEs frequency among indigenous and non-indigenous Mexican adolescents; 2) to test the association between ACE scores and symptoms of Mental Health Problems (SMHP) in both groups; and 3) to review the ACEs model adequacy for the indigenous adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS: Data from an online survey in 20 of the 32 states of Mexico were analyzed. We selected an 87 adolescent sample from indigenous families and 174 non-indigenous matched for age, sex, and state of residence, with a mean age of 16 years; 60 % were women. METHODS: ACE-IQ questionnaire and Youth Self Report instrument (eight SMHP) were used to collect data. ACEs' frequency was analyzed for each group, and Pearson correlations were used to identify the relationship between ACEs and SMHP. RESULTS: There was no statistical significance between Indigenous and non-Indigenous adolescents in the ACEs report. ACE scores were associated with eight SMHP. Correlations between ACE score and SMHP were higher in non-indigenous adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: ACEs were experienced similarly by both groups and were associated with mental health in all participants. Further research is needed to improve ACEs measurement in indigenous populations.