A mini-review on safeguarding global health amidst a "Pandemic" of armed conflicts.

The year 2022 witnessed an alarming surge in state-based armed conflicts globally, reaching a staggering 56, with major hostilities in Ukraine, Myanmar, and Nigeria resulting in over 10,000 estimated conflict-related deaths. This trend continued with the onset of a significant conflict between Israel and Hamas in October 2023. The escalating frequency of armed conflicts, reaching the highest number since 1946, poses a critical threat to global health. This paper explores the multifaceted health impacts of armed conflicts, encompassing physical injuries, infectious diseases, malnutrition, and profound mental health consequences. Healthcare systems in conflict zones face severe strain, and achieving Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 becomes increasingly challenging. The surge in armed conflicts globally is characterized as a "pandemic," justifying urgent attention. The paper identifies and discusses strategies to safeguard public health in conflict zones, emphasizing humanitarian response, protecting healthcare workers and infrastructure, building preparedness and resilience, and promoting mental health support. In navigating this "pandemic" of armed conflicts, comprehensive strategies are imperative to address the intricate challenges and secure a healthier global future.

Can CSL-112 revolutionize atherosclerosis treatment? A critical look at the evidence.

CSL-112, a recombinant human apolipoprotein A-I, holds promise for treating atherosclerotic disease by promoting reverse cholesterol transport. This review evaluates the current evidence on CSL-112's impact on atherosclerotic disease. A search identified studies investigating the effect of CSL-112 on apolipoprotein A-I levels, cholesterol efflux capacity, clinical outcomes, safety profile, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and subgroup analysis in patients with atherosclerotic disease. All nine studies consistently demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in apolipoprotein A-I levels following CSL-112 administration. Most studies also reported a corresponding rise in cholesterol efflux capacity. However, the AEGIS-II trial, the largest study to date, did not show a statistically significant reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with CSL-112 compared to placebo. While some smaller studies suggested potential benefits, particularly in stable atherosclerotic disease, their limitations in size and duration necessitate further investigation. CSL-112 appeared to be generally well-tolerated, with mostly mild or moderate adverse events reported. However, the AEGIS-II trial identified a higher incidence of hypersensitivity reactions in the CSL-112 group, requiring further exploration. CSL-112 demonstrates promise in raising apolipoprotein A-I levels and enhancing cholesterol efflux capacity, potentially promoting reverse cholesterol transport. However, its clinical efficacy for atherosclerotic disease remains unclear. Larger, well-designed trials with longer follow-up periods are necessary to definitively establish its clinical benefit and safety profile before widespread clinical use can be considered. Future research should also explore deeper into the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of CSL-112 and explore its efficacy and safety in different patient subgroups.

The efficacy and safety of cannabidiol (CBD) in pediatric patients with Dravet Syndrome: a narrative review of clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Dravet Syndrome (DS) is a rare and severe form of childhood epilepsy that is often refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs. Emerging evidence suggests that Cannabidiol (CBD) offer therapeutic benefits for DS. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CBD in pediatric patients with DS based on data from ten clinical trials. METHODS: A review was conducted to identify clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of CBD in pediatric patients diagnosed with DS. PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and relevant grey literature were systematically searched for relevant articles up to October 2023, and clinical trials within the last 10 years were included. The search strategy incorporated controlled vocabulary terms and keywords related to "Cannabidiol," "Dravet Syndrome," and "pediatric patients." RESULTS: The analysis revealed promising efficacy outcomes. Notably, CBD demonstrated substantial reductions in seizure frequency, with some patients achieving seizure freedom. The findings emphasised the consistency of CBD's efficacy across different patient subgroups. The safety profile of CBD was generally acceptable, with adverse events often being manageable. CONCLUSION: This review consolidates evidence from multiple clinical trials, affirming the potential of CBD as a promising treatment option for pediatric patients with DS. While further research is needed to address existing knowledge gaps, CBD's efficacy and acceptable safety profile make it a valuable addition to the therapeutic tools for DS.

Inclisiran siRNA technology in the management of dyslipidemia: A narrative review of clinical trials.

RNA interference therapies, particularly small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) like Inclisiran, have shown great potential in managing dyslipidemia, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Inclisiran targets pro-protein convertasesubtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mRNA to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. This review evaluates Inclisiran's efficacy, safety, and clinical applications in managing dyslipidemia. A review of clinical trials evaluating Inclisiran's efficacy and safety in dyslipidemia management was conducted. PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Scopus were searched for relevant trials. Inclusion criteria covered clinical trials in English, published within the last six years, involving human subjects. 12 clinical trials were included in this review, demonstrating Inclisiran's consistent efficacy in reducing LDL-C levels across diverse patient populations, even in statin intolerance or resistance cases. The efficacy was observed over various durations, with some trials extending up to 4 years. Inclisiran demonstrated a favourable safety profile, with mild adverse events reported in most trials, suggesting its potential as a well-tolerated treatment option. Inclisiran's consistent efficacy and safety profile make it a promising option for managing dyslipidemia. Future studies should confirm its long-term effects and explore its clinical implications in diverse patient populations and high-risk scenarios.

Efficacy of tumour-treating fields therapy in recurrent glioblastoma: A narrative review of current evidence.

Recurrent Glioblastoma presents a formidable challenge in oncology due to its aggressive nature and limited treatment options. Tumour-Treating Fields (TTFields) Therapy, a novel therapeutic modality, has emerged as a promising approach to address this clinical conundrum. This review synthesizes the current evidence surrounding the efficacy of TTFields Therapy in the context of recurrent Glioblastoma. Diverse academic databases were explored to identify relevant studies published within the last decade. Strategic keyword selection facilitated the inclusion of studies focusing on TTFields Therapy's efficacy, treatment outcomes, and patient-specific factors. The review reveals a growing body of evidence suggesting the potential clinical benefits of TTFields Therapy for patients with recurrent Glioblastoma. Studies consistently demonstrate its positive impact on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The therapy's safety profile remains favorable, with mild to moderate skin reactions being the most commonly reported adverse events. Our analysis highlights the importance of patient selection criteria, with emerging biomarkers such as PTEN mutation status influencing therapy response. Additionally, investigations into combining TTFields Therapy with other treatments, including surgical interventions and novel approaches, offer promising avenues for enhancing therapeutic outcomes. The synthesis of diverse studies underscores the potential of TTFields Therapy as a valuable addition to the armamentarium against recurrent Glioblastoma. The narrative review comprehensively explains the therapy's mechanisms, clinical benefits, adverse events, and future directions. The insights gathered herein serve as a foundation for clinicians and researchers striving to optimize treatment strategies for patients facing the challenging landscape of recurrent Glioblastoma.

Stem cell-based therapies for heart failure management: a narrative review of current evidence and future perspectives.

Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent and debilitating global cardiovascular condition affecting around 64 million individuals, placing significant strain on healthcare systems and diminishing patients' quality of life. The escalating prevalence of HF underscores the urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches that target the root causes and aim to restore normal cardiac function. Stem cell-based therapies have emerged as promising candidates, representing a fundamental departure from conventional treatments focused primarily on symptom management. This review explores the evolving landscape of stem cell-based therapies for HF management. It delves into the mechanisms of action, clinical evidence from both positive and negative outcomes, ethical considerations, and regulatory challenges. Key findings include the potential for improved cardiac function, enhanced quality of life, and long-term benefits associated with stem cell therapies. However, adverse events and patient vulnerabilities necessitate stringent safety assessments. Future directions in stem cell-based HF therapies include enhancing efficacy and safety through optimized stem cell types, delivery techniques, dosing strategies, and long-term safety assessments. Personalized medicine, combining therapies, addressing ethical and regulatory challenges, and expanding access while reducing costs are crucial aspects of the evolving landscape.

AE37 HER2-targeted vaccine in the prevention of breast cancer recurrence: A mini narrative review of current evidence.

Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. This review synthesizes findings from multiple studies investigating the safety profile and efficacy of the AE37 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted vaccine, offering insights into its potential role in breast cancer immunotherapy. A systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science, was conducted to identify relevant articles published up to October 2023. The search strategy utilized a combination of keywords, including "AE37 HER2 vaccine," "breast cancer recurrence prevention," and related terms. Boolean operators (AND, OR) were employed to refine the search. The AE37 vaccine exhibited a favorable safety profile across all studies, with minimal adverse effects reported. Efficacy outcomes varied, with promising trends observed in specific breast cancer subgroups, such as advanced-stage, HER2 under-expressed, and triple-negative breast cancer patients. Subgroup analyses suggested potential benefits, emphasizing the need for precise patient stratification. While the AE37 HER2-targeted vaccine demonstrates a promising safety profile and potential efficacy in specific breast cancer subgroups, an understanding requires addressing identified limitations and advancing research in nuanced directions. This paper provides a foundation for navigating the complex landscape of breast cancer immunotherapy with the AE37 vaccine.