Graphitic carbon nitride as a novel anticancer agent: potential mechanisms and efficacy in prostate cancer and glioblastoma treatment.

Carbon-derived compounds are gaining traction in the scientific community because of their unique properties, such as conductivity and strength, and promising innovations in technology and medicine. Graphitic nitride carbon (g-C3N4) stands out among these compounds because of its potential in antitumor therapies. This study aimed to assess g-C3N4's antitumor potential and cytotoxic mechanisms. Prostate cancer (DU-145) and glioblastoma (U87) cell lines were used to evaluate antitumor effects, whereas RAW 264.7 and HFF-1 non-tumor cells were used for selectivity evaluation. The synthesized g-C3N4 particles underwent comprehensive characterization, including the assessment of particle size, morphology, and oxygen content, employing various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The results indicated that g-C3N4 significantly affected tumor cell proliferation and viability, exhibiting high cytotoxicity within 48 h. In non-tumor cells, minimal effects on proliferation were observed, except for damage to the cell membranes of RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, g-C3N4 changed the cell morphology and ultrastructure, affecting cell migration in U87 cells and potentially enhancing migration in RAW 264.7 cells. Biochemical assays in Balb/C mice revealed alterations in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and amylase levels. In conclusion, g-C3N4 demonstrated promising antitumor effects with minimal toxicity to non-tumor cells, suggesting its potential in neoplasm treatment.

Association between Falls, Fear of Falling and Depressive Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

BACKGROUND: Longevity increases pose public health challenges, especially in managing falls and their psychological impacts on older adults. Limited evidence exists on the relationship between a fear of falling (FOF), previous falls, and depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between falls, FOF, and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study, conducted in 2018, included 400 older adults from a Basic Health Unit in São Paulo, Brazil. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and the International Falls Efficacy Scale (FES-I) were used, along with self-report questionnaires on fall history. Linear and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationships between variables. RESULTS: The mean age was 75.2 (SD = 8.53) years, with 63.2% being female. Depressive symptoms were observed in 18.3% of the participants, while 90.5% reported a fear of falling (FOF). More than half (63.0%) experienced falls, with 49.5% occurring in the last year. Factors such as the female gender, negative health perceptions, and functional dependence were associated with depressive symptoms. Adjusted analyses indicated that both a fear of falling (FOF) (B = 0.043; p = 0.012) and a history of falls (B = 0.725; p = 0.015) were associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Falls, FOF, and depressive symptoms are interlinked among older adults, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to improve their mental and physical health.

Observation of the early stages of environmental contamination in graphene by friction force.

Exposure to ambient air contaminates the surface of graphene sheets. Contamination may arise from different sources, and its nature alters the frictional behavior of the material. These changes in friction enable the observation of the early stages of contaminants' adsorption in graphene. Using a friction force microscope, we show that molecular adsorption initiates at the edges and mechanical defects in the monolayer. Once the monolayer is covered, the contaminants spread over the additional graphene layers. With this method, we estimate the contamination kinetics. In monolayer graphene, the surface area covered with adsorbed molecules increases with time of air exposure at a rate of 10-14 m2/s, while in bilayer graphene, it is one order of magnitude smaller. Finally, as the contaminants cover the additional graphene layers, friction no longer has a difference concerning the number of graphene layers.

Influence of plane-strain compression on the microstructure and tribological behavior of GUR 1050 UHMWPE.

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been used as a bearing surface in orthopedic implants due to its outstanding physical and mechanical properties. Modifications in the structure of the polymer have a direct effect on its wear. In this work, plane-strain compression in a channel die was applied to induce microstructural changes in specimens of UHMWPE GUR 1050. These structural changes were characterized using a combined approach involving Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. These qualitative and quantitative characterization resulted in a valuable understanding of the changes in the material microstructure when subjected to plastic deformation. A molecular non-uniform alignment of the UHMWPE molecules, with fragmentation and kinking of polymer lamellae, was observed in the direction of material flow, perpendicular to the compressive load direction, following an inhomogeneous strain field generated by the mechanical compression. The microstructural analyses revealed an increased crystalline content and decreased intermediate phase while amorphous phase content remained unchanged, in all the regions of the deformed specimen. The tribological performance, evaluated by the scratch resistance force, decreased along the material flow direction and increased along the load direction in the deformed polymer compared to that of the uncompressed polymer. Plane-strain compression was able to modify the polymer microstructure, introducing directional anisotropy in its tribological behavior that can impact the wear performance of the material.

Thickness measurements of graphene oxide flakes using atomic force microscopy: results of an international interlaboratory comparison.

Flake thickness is one of the defining properties of graphene-related 2D materials (GR2Ms), and therefore requires reliable, accurate, and reproducible measurements with well-understood uncertainties. This is needed regardless of the production method or manufacturer because it is important for all GR2M products to be globally comparable. An international interlaboratory comparison on thickness measurements of graphene oxide flakes using atomic force microscopy has been completed in technical working area 41 of versailles project on advanced materials and standards. Twelve laboratories participated in the comparison project, led by NIM, China, to improve the equivalence of thickness measurement for two-dimensional flakes. The measurement methods, uncertainty evaluation and a comparison of the results and analysis are reported in this manuscript. The data and results of this project will be directly used to support the development of an ISO standard.

Potential Renal Damage Biomarkers in Alport Syndrome-A Review of the Literature.

Alport syndrome (AS) is the second most common cause of inherited chronic kidney disease. This disorder is caused by genetic variants on COL4A3, COL4A4 and COL4A5 genes. These genes encode the proteins that constitute collagen type IV of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The heterodimer COL4A3A4A5 constitutes the majority of the GBM, and it is essential for the normal function of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). Alterations in any of collagen type IV constituents cause disruption of the GMB structure, allowing leakage of red blood cells and albumin into the urine, and compromise the architecture of the GFB, inducing inflammation and fibrosis, thus resulting in kidney damage and loss of renal function. The advances in DNA sequencing technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, allow an accurate diagnose of AS. Due to the important risk of the development of progressive kidney disease in AS patients, which can be delayed or possibly prevented by timely initiation of therapy, an early diagnosis of this condition is mandatory. Conventional biomarkers such as albuminuria and serum creatinine increase relatively late in AS. A panel of biomarkers that might detect early renal damage, monitor therapy, and reflect the prognosis would have special interest in clinical practice. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the biomarkers of renal damage in AS as described in the literature. We found that urinary Podocin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A are important markers of podocyte injury. Urinary Epidermal Growth Factor has been related to tubular damage, interstitial fibrosis and rapid progression of the disease. Inflammatory markers such as Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1, High Motility Group Box 1 and Urinary Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein- 1 are also increased in AS and indicate a higher risk of kidney disease progression. Studies suggest that miRNA-21 is elevated when renal damage occurs. Novel techniques, such as proteomics and microRNAs, are promising.

Efeito do treinamento combinado sobre a pressão arterial de idosos hipertensos: uma revisão sistemática / Effect of combined training on hypertensive blood pressure of hypertensive elderly: a systematic review

O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi analisar o efeito do treinamento combinado na pressão arterial de idosos hipertensos. As buscas foram realizadas em novembro de 2021 nas bases de dados: National library of medicine, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Scopus. Os critérios de inclusão foram: ensaios clínicos randomizados; população com idade ≥60 anos e com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial; exercício combinado como intervenção; pressão arterial como um dos desfechos; publicados no idioma inglês e/ou português entre 2007 e 2021 e disponíveis em texto completo. Após as buscas, foram identificados 991 artigos científicos. Destes, 9 estudos foram selecionados por atenderam ao objetivo e aos critérios propostos. O tamanho das amostras variou de 20-115 participantes, com média de 48,7 ± 29,8. Todos os estudos foram conduzidos com idosos; 44,4% foram realizados com população somente do sexo feminino e 22,2% dos estudos com população do sexo masculino. No que se refere ao período de realização da intervenção, observou-se que o treinamento combinado foi executado desde uma única sessão até 16 semanas, numa frequência de três vezes por semana. Os estudos apontaram que após a realização do treinamento combinado, ocorreram reduções significativas nos valores de pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica. Apesar do treinamento combinado ter contribuído significativamente para reduzir os valores de pressão arterial, os resultados desta revisão sistemática devem ser interpretados com cautela, devido ao pequeno número de artigos inclusos e de suas respectivas limitações metodológicas. (AU)

The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the effect of combined training on blood pressure in hypertensive older adults. Searches were conducted in November 2021 in the databases: National library of medicine, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials; population aged ≥60 years and diagnosed with hypertension; combined exercise as intervention; blood pressure as one of the endpoints; published in English and/or Portuguese between 2007 and 2021 and available in full text. After the searches, 991 scientific articles were identified. From those, 9 studies were selected as they met the objective and the research criteria. Sample sizes ranged from 20-115 participants, with a mean of 48.7 ± 29.8. All studies were performed with seniors; 44.4% were conducted with a femaleonly population and 22.2% of the studies with a male-only population. Regarding the period of the intervention, it was observed that the combined training was executed from a single session up to 16 weeks, three times a week. The studies indicated that after the combined training, there were significant reductions in the values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Although combined training contributed significantly to reduce blood pressure values, the results of this systematic review should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of articles included and their respective methodological limitations. (AU)

Manejo cirúrgico de fratura cominutiva de mandíbula por ferimento de arma de fogo: relato de caso / Surgical management of comminuted jaw fracture by firearms injury: case report

Os ferimentos por arma de fogo (FAF) são um grande problema de saúde pública. Na face, a mandíbula é o local de maior incidência, sendo a região de corpo mandibular a mais atingida e as lesões aos tecidos moles frequentemente a ela associadas. Em alguns casos, tais ferimentos apresentam-se de difícil resolução, sobretudo, em casos de fraturas cominutivas e lesões de tecidos moles com alta complexidade. Isso torna o atendimento desses pacientes um desafio para cirurgiões buco-maxilo-faciais. Desta forma, o objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso de FAF em terço inferior da face, com comprometimento de tecidos moles e mandíbula, pela equipe de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial do Hospital Geral do Estado - Bahia. Paciente de 28 anos de idade, sexo feminino, vítima de FAF em terço inferior da face, por disparo acidental de espingarda. Ao exame clínico, pode-se observar ferimento perfuro-contuso em região de mandíbula e fratura cominutiva de corpo e ângulo mandibular à direita. A paciente foi submetida à cirurgia para remoção de fragmentos ósseos/corpos estranhos, fixação dos cotos com placa de reconstrução 2.4mm e sutura dos planos, em mesmo tempo cirúrgico, reestabelecendo a função da mandíbula. Portanto, devido à fisiopatologia variável dos FAF na mandíbula, não se indica um único padrão de tratamento para as fraturas cominutivas. Além disso, é indispensável o emprego de protocolos de limpeza cirúrgica imediata e antibioticoterapia nos casos com alto grau de cominuição, bem como, sugere-se realizar o tratamento definitivo o mais breve possível(AU)

Firearm injuries (FIs) are a major public health problem. On the face, the mandible is the place with the highest incidence of this trauma, with the mandibular body region being the most affected and the lesions to the soft tissues frequently associated with it. In some cases, such injuries are difficult to resolve, especially in cases of comminuted fractures and soft tissue injuries with high complexity. This makes the care of these patients a challenge for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Thus, the objective of this article is to report a case of care for a FAF victim in the lower third of the face, with soft tissue and mandible involvement, by the Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology team at the Hospital Geral do Estado - Bahia. 28-year-old female patient, victim of FAF in the lower third of the face, due to acidental shotgun firing. On clinical examination, a perforated-blunt wound can be seen in the mandible region and comminuted fracture of the body and angle of the mandible on the right. The patient underwent surgery to remove bone fragments / foreign bodies, fix the stumps with a 2.4 mm reconstruction plate and suture the planes, at the same surgical time, reestablishing the function of the mandible. Therefore, due to the variable pathophysiology of FAF in the mandible, a single treatment pattern is not indicated for comminuted fractures. In addition, it is essential to use immediate surgical cleaning protocols and antibiotic therapy in cases with a high degree of comminution, as well as, it is suggested to carry out the definitive treatment as soon as possible(AU)

Diagnóstico de reabsorção radicular: influência da resolução espacial de captura de imagens digitais periapicais / Root resorption diagnostic: influence of periapical digital image scanning

Introdução: a detecção da reabsorção da raiz dentária é realizada por meio de exames de imagens, pois frequentemente não apresenta sinal e sintoma clínicos. Dentre os exames de imagem disponíveis, o exame radiográfico periapical, é indicado para diagnóstico, prognóstico e acompanhamento da reabsorção radicular. Objetivo: o estudo tem como objetivo investigar a relação de diferentes resoluções espaciais com o diagnóstico de reabsorção radicular. Metodologia: foram realizados desgastes simulando reabsorção externa no terço apical e vestibular de 15 (quinze) incisivos inferiores, radiografados em crânio seco, antes e depois do desgaste. A técnica radiográfica foi realizada utilizando o sistema VistaScan (Durr Dental, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany), aparelho CS 2200 (Carestream Dental LLC, Atlanta-GA, USA) usando tempo de exposição de 0,15 segundos e escaneadas sob diferentes protocolos de resolução espacial, a saber, 20 pares de linhas por milímetro (pl/mm) e 40 pl/mm. Posteriormente dois avaliadores experientes fizeram análises das referidas imagens sem conhecimento prévio da resolução de escaneamento. Resultados: 75% das radiografias realizadas com 20 pl/mm foram classificadas como excelentes pelos avaliadores, contra 33% com 40 pl/mm, estatisticamente significativa. Discussão: ao avaliar a reabsorção radicular, obteve-se uma acurácia diagnóstica igual para os dois protocolos sem distinção, estatisticamente significativa, entre localização ou profundidade. Conclusão: tendo em vista que para os examinadores imagens com 20 pl/mm foram satisfatórias, com percentual de qualidade maior quando comparado a imagens obtidas com 40 pl/ mm, este estudo indica o emprego de imagens com 20 pl/mm para avaliação inicial de suspeita de reabsorções nas raízes dentárias.

Introduction: the detection of tooth root resorption is carried out by means of imaging tests, as it often does not present a clinical sign and symptom. Among the imaging tests available, the periapical radiographic examination is indicated for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of root resorption. Objective: the study aims to investigate the relationship of different spatial resolutions in the diagnosis of root resorption. Methods: Artificial external root resorptions were simulated using burs by drilling to the entire depth in different locations at the apical and buccal thirds of 15 (fifteen) lower incisors were worn, radiographed on a dry skull, before and after wear. The radiographic technique was performed using the VistaScan system (Durr Dental, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany), CS 2200 device (Carestream Dental LLC, Atlanta-GA, USA) using an exposure time of 0.15 seconds and scanned under different resolutions protocols, namely, 20 pairs of lines per millimeters (pl/mm) and 40 pl/mm. Subsequently, two experienced evaluators performed analyzes of these images without prior knowledge of the scanning resolution. Results: seventy-five percent of the radiographs taken at 20 pl/mm were rated as excellent by the evaluators, against 33% at 40 pl/mm, a statistically significant difference. Discussion: When assessing root resorption, a similar diagnostic accuracy was obtained for the two protocols without a statistically significant distinction between location or depth. Conclusions: Considering that for examiners images with 20 pl/mm were satisfactory, with a percentage of quality greater than 40 pl/mm, this study indicates the use of 20 pl/mm for initial evaluation of suspected root resorption.

Cisto do ducto nasopalatino: relato de caso / Nasopalatine duct cyst: case report

Introdução: O cisto do ducto nasopalatino é uma lesão não odontogênica com etiologia controversa. No entanto, fatores irritantes, como trauma local e infecções bacterianas, podem estimular o remanescente epitelial do ducto nasopalatino, levando a uma formação cística. Sua predileção ocorre em homens adultos entre a quarta e a sexta décadas. Geralmente é assintomático, sendo detectado por exame de rotina. O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar e discutir um caso de cisto do Ducto Nasopalatino, analisando-se os aspectos clínicos e imaginológicos da patologia em face, comparando-o com dados provenientes da literatura corrente. Relato de caso: Como resultado este artigo apresenta a abordagem de um caso cirúrgico de cisto do Ducto Nasopalatino em face, assintomático, descoberto em exame imaginológico de rotina, biopsiado e enucleado cirurgicamente, com acompanhamento de 5 anos sem recidiva. Considerações finais: É evidente, portanto, que a literatura ainda não é unânime quanto ao aspecto epidemiológico, contudo, se reafirma a forma de abordagem cirúrgica excisional como tratamento eficaz definitivo. Faz-se necessária, portanto, a análise clínica, imaginológica e histopatológica para a confirmação diagnóstica da lesão. A observação de tais aspectos é de fundamental importância para um tratamento eficaz e definitivo, reduzindo as chances de recidiva... (AU)

Introduction: The nasopalatine duct cyst is a non-odontogenic lesion with controversial etiology. However, irritating factors, such as local trauma and bacterial infections, can stimulate the epithelial remnant of the nasopalatine duct, leading to a cystic formation. Its predilection occurs in adult men between the fourth and sixth decades. It is usually asymptomatic, being detected by routine examination. Objectives: To present and discuss a case of cyst of the Nasopalatine duct, analyzing the clinical and imaging aspects of the pathology in the face, comparing it with data from the current literature. Case Report: As a result, this article presents the approach of a surgical case of Nasopalatine Ducto cyst in the face, asymptomatic, discovered in a routine imaging exam, biopsied and surgically enucleated, with a 5-year follow-up without recurrence. Final considerations: It is evident, therefore, that the literature is not yet unanimous in terms of the epidemiological aspect, however, the form of excisional surgical approach as a definitive effective treatment is reaffirmed. Therefore, clinical, imaging and histopathological analysis is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of the lesion. The observation of such aspects is of fundamental importance for an effective and definitive treatment, reducing the chances of recurrence... (AU)

Symptoms in healthcare professionals infected with SARS-CoV-2 at a university hospital.

Introduction: Healthcare professionals are among the main risk groups for novel coronavirus disease (COVID 19). The identification of respiratory symptoms is important in the clinical assumption of infection, but it may be asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic. Objectives: To compare the proportion of professionals with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with the proportion of positive asymptomatic professionals with high-risk contact; and to identify respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms of professionals with suspected COVID-19 and the proportion of those who tested positive for SARS CoV-2. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that retrospectively analyzed clinical records of health professionals who spontaneously sought the occupational health service of a university hospital center from March to August 2020 for presenting with symptoms and/or for having had high risk contact with a confirmed case of COVID-19 and who, in this context, underwent the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2. Results: COVID-19 was confirmed in 27 of the 420 symptomatic professionals vs. three of the 193 asymptomatic professionals (p = 0.009). Of the 371 professionals with respiratory symptoms, 19 were positive for COVID-19 vs. 11 among the 242 with no respiratory symptoms (p = 0.750). Nasal congestion and rhinorrhea were the respiratory symptoms with the highest proportion of positive cases (11.43 and 8.97%, respectively). Conclusions: Although COVID-19 is typically associated with respiratory symptoms, not all these symptoms were predictive of disease. It becomes crucial to value mild symptoms among healthcare professionals.

Static balance in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation / Equilíbrio estático em idosos com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica participantes de reabilitação pulmonar

OBJECTIVE: To compare balance between older adults with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in tasks involving proprioceptive changes and respiratory muscle load, and to investigate the association between balance, functional capacity, and peripheral and respiratory muscle strength. METHODS: Fourteen older adults with COPD undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation and nine older adults without pulmonary disease were evaluated for static balance on a force platform under four conditions: eyes open, eyes closed, eyes closed on foam, and eyes open with respiratory overload. Differences between groups, among conditions and group/condition interactions, were tested using two-way ANOVA. Associations were explored using Pearsons correlation coefficient. RESULTS: No differences in the posturographic variables were found in the group/condition interactions (p ≥0.23). The COPD group exhibited greater total displacement (F = 8.79, p = 0.003), mediolateral sway (F = 4.01, p = 0.04) and anteroposterior velocity (F = 4.28, p = 0.04) in the group effect analysis. Significant differences were found between eyes closed on foam and other conditions for all posturographic variables: anteroposterior sway (F = 13.39), mediolateral sway (F = 28.58), total displacement (F = 59.4), area (F = 37.68), anteroposterior velocity (F = 26.42), and mediolateral velocity (F = 33.29), in the condition effect analysis (p <0.001, post-hoc). In the COPD group, significant correlations were found between the Glittre-ADL test, anteroposterior sway (r = 0.68, p = 0.01), and anteroposterior velocity (r = 0.67, p = 0.009); the 6MWT was also correlated with anteroposterior velocity (r = 0.59, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Older adults with COPD present balance deficits compared to healthy individuals. The unstable surface caused greater postural instability compared to other conditions in both groups. Impaired balance was associated with reduced physical function and exercise capacity.

OBJETIVO: Comparar o equilíbrio entre idosos com e sem doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) em tarefas envolvendo alterações proprioceptiva e sobrecarga muscular respiratória além de investigar a associação entre equilíbrio, capacidade funcional e força muscular respiratória e periférica. METODOLOGIA: Quatorze idosos com DPOC participantes de reabilitação pulmonar e nove idosos sem doença pulmonar tiveram seu equilíbrio estático avaliado em uma plataforma de força em quatro condições: olhos abertos, olhos fechados, olhos fechados com espuma e olhos abertos com sobrecarga respiratória. As diferenças entre os grupos, condições e interações grupo/condição foram testadas utilizando a ANOVA bidirecional. As associações foram testadas utilizando o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas diferenças nas variáveis posturográficas nas interações grupo/condição (p ≥0,23). O grupo com DPOC apresentou maior deslocamento total (F = 8,79, p = 0,003), oscilação médio-lateral (F = 4,01, p = 0,04) e velocidade anteroposterior (F = 4,28, p = 0,04) na análise do efeito grupo. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre a condição de olhos fechados com espuma e as demais condições em todas as variáveis posturográficas: oscilação anteroposterior (F = 13,39) e médio-lateral (F = 28,58), deslocamento total (F = 59,4), área (F = 37,68), velocidade anteroposterior (F = 26,42) e médio-lateral (F = 33,29), na análise do efeito condição (p <0,001, post-hoc). No grupo DPOC, foram observadas correlações significativas entre o teste Glittre-AVD, oscilação anteroposterior (r = 0,68, p = 0,01) e velocidade anteroposterior (r = 0,67, p = 0,009); o TC6m também foi correlacionado com a velocidade anteroposterior (r = -0,59, p = 0,03). CONCLUSÃO: Os idosos com DPOC apresentaram déficits de equilíbrio em relação aos indivíduos saudáveis. A superfície instável provocou maior instabilidade postural em comparação às outras condições em ambos os grupos. O equilíbrio prejudicado está associado ao desempenho funcional reduzido e à baixa capacidade de exercício.

Physiological response to the Glittre-ADL test in elderly COPD patients / Resposta fisiológica ao teste AVD-Glittre em idosos com DPOC

Abstract Introduction: The Glittre-ADL (TGlittre) test was developed to assess functional capacity in a group of activities of daily living, but little is known about the physiological responses expected during its implementation. Objective: To evaluate the physiological responses induced by TGlittre in COPD patients and compare them with those induced by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Method: This is a cross-sectional study involving 15 elderly patients with COPD (70±6 years and predicted FEV1 of 47±16%). The TGlittre and 6MWT were performed on two different days, evaluating heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation and perceived exertion in the 1st, 4th and 6th minutes of the 6MWT and at the start, after each lap and the end of TGlittre. After the normality test (Shapiro-Wilk), the Wilcoxon test was applied to compare the functional tests, and Spearman's correlation coefficient to assess the association between variables. Results: At the end of TGlittre, heart rate was faster than in the 6MWT (106.7±21.9 vs 96.4±16.2bpm, p = 0.02). The other physiological variables were similar at the end of both tests. Heart rate at the end of TGlittre correlated with the final heart rate in the 6MWT (r = 0.69; p = 0.002). Conclusion: TGlittre induced a faster heart rate than in the 6MWT, with increased metabolic demand, but with similar ventilatory responses.

Resumo Introdução: O Teste AVD-Glittre (TGlittre) foi desenvolvido para avaliar a capacidade funcional por meio de um grupo de atividades de vida diária, porém ainda pouco se sabe sobre as respostas fisiológicas esperadas durante a sua execução. Objetivo: Avaliar as respostas fisiológicas induzidas pelo TGlittre em pacientes idosos com DPOC em comparação as respostas induzidas pelo Teste de Caminhada de 6 Minutos (TC6m). Método: Estudo observacional transversal. Participaram 15 pacientes idosos com DPOC (70±6 anos, VEF1: 47±16% do previsto). Em dois dias diferentes, realizou-se o TGlittre e o TC6m, registrando-se a frequência cardíaca, saturação periférica de oxigênio e a percepção de esforço no 1º, 4º e 6º minutos do TC6m e no início, após cada volta e ao final do TGlittre. Após a análise de normalidade (Shapiro-Wilk), utilizou-se o teste de Wilcoxon para comparações entre as variáveis fisiológicas em resposta aos testes funcionais e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman para verificar a associação entre as variáveis. Resultados: Ao final do TGlittre, a frequência cardíaca foi superior à do TC6m (106,7±21,9 vs 96,4±16,2 bpm, p = 0,02). As demais variáveis fisiológicas foram similares ao final em ambos os testes. A frequência cardíaca final do TGlittre correlacionou-se com a frequência cardíaca final do TC6m (r = 0,69; p = 0,002). Conclusão: O TGlittre foi capaz de induzir a uma frequência cardíaca superior em relação ao TC6m, com maior demanda metabólica, porém com respostas ventilatórias similares no grupo estudado.

Dermatoses associadas ao trabalho em profissionais de saúde de um centro hospitalar português / Occupational dermatoses among healthcare workers in a hospital center in Portugal

Introdução: As patologias cutâneas representam mais de 35% das doenças relacionadas com o trabalho, afetando anualmente 1/1.000 trabalhadores. Objetivos: Caracterizar as dermatoses associadas ao trabalho em profissionais de um centro hospitalar e identificar possíveis agentes desencadeantes e fatores de suscetibilidade. Métodos: Estudo transversal com recolha da informação registrada no processo clínico eletrônico dos trabalhadores observados em exame de saúde periódico no período de um ano. Resultados: Nos 1.741 trabalhadores estudados, 3,56% tinham registro de dermatoses associadas ao trabalho, a maioria mulheres (76,85%). Dos profissionais com dermatoses, 34 (54,84%) tinham dermatite de contato irritativa, 17 (27,42%) urticária ao látex, seis (9,68%) dermatite de contato alérgica e cinco (8,06%) duas dermatoses concomitantes. Encontrou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os vários grupos profissionais (p=0,008), sendo os auxiliares de enfermagem os mais afetados (5,11%). Verificou-se também maior prevalência (8,47%) em profissionais de blocos operatórios (p=0,001). Os principais agentes desencadeantes foram desinfetantes cutâneos, látex, luvas de nitrilo e contato prolongado com água (4,84%). Conclusões: Por tratar-se de um estudo baseado em registros clínicos, a informação está dependente da qualidade destes. Para além disso, os auxiliares de enfermagem foram a maioria representada na amostra no que se refere à população do centro hospitalar, o que limita a extrapolação dos resultados. Este estudo encontrou prevalência de dermatoses de somente 3,56%, o que talvez se deva à implementação de medidas preventivas. Os profissionais mais afetados foram os de blocos operatórios e os auxiliares de enfermagem. Os desinfetantes cutâneos foram os principais agentes apontados como desencadeantes.

Background: Skin diseases account for more than 35% of occupational diseases, affecting 1/1,000 workers annually. Objective: To characterize occupational dermatoses affecting hospital workers and identify possible triggers and susceptibility factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study in which we analyzed information extracted from electronic medical records of workers who performed periodic examinations in the course of one year. Results: About 3.56% of 1,741 included workers had a diagnosis of occupational dermatosis, being mainly women (76.85%). Thirty-four (54.84%) of the affected workers had irritant contact dermatitis, 17 (27.42%) latex allergy, 6 (9.68%) allergic dermatitis, and 5 (8.06%) two concomitant conditions. We found significant difference in prevalence as a function of occupational group (p=0.008), being highest for nursing assistants (5.11%). Prevalence was also higher for employees allocated to surgery departments (8.47%, p=0.001). Main triggers were skin disinfectants, latex, nitrile gloves, and prolonged contact with water (4.84%). Conclusion: The quality of the analyzed data depends on the quality of the analyzed medical records. Most subjects were nursing assistants, which fact hinders the generalization of the results. The prevalence of occupational dermatosis was just 3.56%, which might be explained by previously implemented preventive measures. The employees most frequently affected were those allocated to surgery departments and nursing assistants. Skin disinfectants were the most frequent triggers.

Occupational dermatoses among healthcare workers in a hospital center in Portugal.

BACKGROUND: Skin diseases account for more than 35% of occupational diseases, affecting 1/1,000 workers annually. OBJECTIVE: To characterize occupational dermatoses affecting hospital workers and identify possible triggers and susceptibility factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in which we analyzed information extracted from electronic medical records of workers who performed periodic examinations in the course of one year. RESULTS: About 3.56% of 1,741 included workers had a diagnosis of occupational dermatosis, being mainly women (76.85%). Thirty-four (54.84%) of the affected workers had irritant contact dermatitis, 17 (27.42%) latex allergy, 6 (9.68%) allergic dermatitis, and 5 (8.06%) two concomitant conditions. We found significant difference in prevalence as a function of occupational group (p=0.008), being highest for nursing assistants (5.11%). Prevalence was also higher for employees allocated to surgery departments (8.47%, p=0.001). Main triggers were skin disinfectants, latex, nitrile gloves, and prolonged contact with water (4.84%). CONCLUSION: The quality of the analyzed data depends on the quality of the analyzed medical records. Most subjects were nursing assistants, which fact hinders the generalization of the results. The prevalence of occupational dermatosis was just 3.56%, which might be explained by previously implemented preventive measures. The employees most frequently affected were those allocated to surgery departments and nursing assistants. Skin disinfectants were the most frequent triggers.

INTRODUÇÃO: As patologias cutâneas representam mais de 35% das doenças relacionadas com o trabalho, afetando anualmente 1/1.000 trabalhadores. OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar as dermatoses associadas ao trabalho em profissionais de um centro hospitalar e identificar possíveis agentes desencadeantes e fatores de suscetibilidade. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com recolha da informação registrada no processo clínico eletrônico dos trabalhadores observados em exame de saúde periódico no período de um ano. RESULTADOS: Nos 1.741 trabalhadores estudados, 3,56% tinham registro de dermatoses associadas ao trabalho, a maioria mulheres (76,85%). Dos profissionais com dermatoses, 34 (54,84%) tinham dermatite de contato irritativa, 17 (27,42%) urticária ao látex, seis (9,68%) dermatite de contato alérgica e cinco (8,06%) duas dermatoses concomitantes. Encontrou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os vários grupos profissionais (p=0,008), sendo os auxiliares de enfermagem os mais afetados (5,11%). Verificou-se também maior prevalência (8,47%) em profissionais de blocos operatórios (p=0,001). Os principais agentes desencadeantes foram desinfetantes cutâneos, látex, luvas de nitrilo e contato prolongado com água (4,84%). CONCLUSÕES: Por tratar-se de um estudo baseado em registros clínicos, a informação está dependente da qualidade destes. Para além disso, os auxiliares de enfermagem foram a maioria representada na amostra no que se refere à população do centro hospitalar, o que limita a extrapolação dos resultados. Este estudo encontrou prevalência de dermatoses de somente 3,56%, o que talvez se deva à implementação de medidas preventivas. Os profissionais mais afetados foram os de blocos operatórios e os auxiliares de enfermagem. Os desinfetantes cutâneos foram os principais agentes apontados como desencadeantes.

Biofloc production in activated sludge system treating shrimp farming effluent / Produção de bioflocos em sistema de lodos ativados tratando efluente de carcinicultura

ABSTRACT The release of wastewater and the shrimp feed cost are the main challenges faced by the shrimp farming industry. An alternative solution to both problems is biofloc production in a unit external to the farm, in an activated sludge system for effluent treatment. The treatment system's influent was composed of the shrimp farm wastewater supplemented with urea and sugarcane molasses. The results show that the average removal of chemical oxygen demand was 71% and the average biofloc production in the reactor was approximately 1.5g.L-1. Adding molasses to the influent contributed to the increase in the quantity and diversity of existing microorganisms that are beneficial to cultured shrimp. The mass balance of nitrogen compounds confirmed that nitrification occurred in the system. Therefore, the use of the activated sludge system is a viable and environmentally suitable alternative to produce bioflocs and shrimp farming effluent treatment.

RESUMO A geração de efluentes e o custo com a alimentação do camarão são os principais desafios enfrentados pela carcinicultura. Uma solução conjunta para ambos os problemas é a produção de bioflocos em um sistema de lodo ativado para tratamento de efluentes. Neste trabalho, o afluente ao sistema estudado era composto pelas águas residuais do cultivo de camarão suplementadas com ureia e melaço de cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados mostraram que a remoção média de demanda química de oxigênio foi de 71% e a produção média de bioflocos no reator foi de aproximadamente 1,5 g.L-1. A adição de melaço ao afluente contribuiu para o aumento da quantidade e da diversidade de microrganismos benéficos para a produção de camarão. Houve remoção de amônia e nitrificação confirmada pelo balanço de massa. Portanto, a utilização do sistema de lodos ativados é uma alternativa viável e ambientalmente adequada para produzir bioflocos e tratar efluentes de cultivo de camarão.

Giant and Tunable Anisotropy of Nanoscale Friction in Graphene.

The nanoscale friction between an atomic force microscopy tip and graphene is investigated using friction force microscopy (FFM). During the tip movement, friction forces are observed to increase and then saturate in a highly anisotropic manner. As a result, the friction forces in graphene are highly dependent on the scanning direction: under some conditions, the energy dissipated along the armchair direction can be 80% higher than along the zigzag direction. In comparison, for highly-oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG), the friction anisotropy between armchair and zigzag directions is only 15%. This giant friction anisotropy in graphene results from anisotropies in the amplitudes of flexural deformations of the graphene sheet driven by the tip movement, not present in HOPG. The effect can be seen as a novel manifestation of the classical phenomenon of Euler buckling at the nanoscale, which provides the non-linear ingredients that amplify friction anisotropy. Simulations based on a novel version of the 2D Tomlinson model (modified to include the effects of flexural deformations), as well as fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and first-principles density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, are able to reproduce and explain the experimental observations.

Characterization of the variable region in the class 1 integron of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from surface water

Abstract Fecal bacteria are considered to be a potential reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes in the aquatic environment and could horizontally transfer these genes to autochthonous bacteria when carried on transferable and/or mobile genetic elements. Such circulation of resistance genes constitutes a latent public health hazard. The aim of this study was to characterize the variable region of the class 1 integron and relate its genetic content to resistance patterns observed in antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from the surface waters of Patos Lagoon, Southern Brazil. Genetic diversity of the isolates and presence of the qacEΔ1 gene, which confers resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds, were also investigated. A total of 27 isolates were analyzed. The variable region harbored dfrA17, dfrA1 and dfrA12 genes, which confer resistance to trimethoprim, and aadA1, aadA5 and aadA22 genes that encode resistance to streptomycin/spectinomycin. Most of the isolates were considered resistant to quaternary ammonium compounds and all of them carried the qacE Δ1 gene at the 3′ conserved segment of the integron. ERIC-PCR analyses of E. coli isolates that presented the integrons showed great genetic diversity, indicating diverse sources of contamination in this environment. These results suggest that fecal bacteria with class 1 integrons in aquatic environments are potentially important reservoirs of antibiotic-resistance genes and may transfer these elements to other bacteria that are capable of infecting humans.

Characterization of the variable region in the class 1 integron of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from surface water.

Fecal bacteria are considered to be a potential reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes in the aquatic environment and could horizontally transfer these genes to autochthonous bacteria when carried on transferable and/or mobile genetic elements. Such circulation of resistance genes constitutes a latent public health hazard. The aim of this study was to characterize the variable region of the class 1 integron and relate its genetic content to resistance patterns observed in antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from the surface waters of Patos Lagoon, Southern Brazil. Genetic diversity of the isolates and presence of the qacEΔ1 gene, which confers resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds, were also investigated. A total of 27 isolates were analyzed. The variable region harbored dfrA17, dfrA1 and dfrA12 genes, which confer resistance to trimethoprim, and aadA1, aadA5 and aadA22 genes that encode resistance to streptomycin/spectinomycin. Most of the isolates were considered resistant to quaternary ammonium compounds and all of them carried the qacEΔ1 gene at the 3' conserved segment of the integron. ERIC-PCR analyses of E. coli isolates that presented the integrons showed great genetic diversity, indicating diverse sources of contamination in this environment. These results suggest that fecal bacteria with class 1 integrons in aquatic environments are potentially important reservoirs of antibiotic-resistance genes and may transfer these elements to other bacteria that are capable of infecting humans.

Condições de trabalho dos enfermeiros na Estratégia Saúde da Família: revisão integrativa / Nurses' working condition in Family Health Strategy: integrative review / Condiciones de trabajo de las enfermeras en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia: una revisión integradora

Objetivo: conhecer as condições de trabalho de enfermeiros que atuam nas equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: revisão integrativa, com vistas a responder a questão << Quais as condições de trabalho do enfermeiro que atua na Estratégia Saúde da Família? >>. Realizou-se a busca nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF e biblioteca virtual ScieLO, com os descritores: condições de trabalho, enfermagem, saúde pública e enfermagem em saúde comunitária. A leitura interpretativa possibilitou estabelecer a construção de duas categorias, com o seguinte agrupamento dos dados: "Equipe de Saúde da Família: (in)definição do trabalho do enfermeiro?" e "Trabalho do enfermeiro na equipe de Saúde da Família". Resultados: o enfermeiro vivencia a vulnerabilidade do vínculo trabalhista e precariedade do trabalho. Por outro lado, a relação com a equipe, o ato de cuidar e autonomia apresentaram-se como aspectos favoráveis ao seu trabalho. Conclusão: torna-se necessário buscar alternativas para assegurar melhores condições de trabalho aos enfermeiros.(AU)

Objective: to know the nurses' working conditions in teams of the Family Health Strategy. Method: integrative review, intending to answer the question << What are the nurses' working conditions in the Family Health Strategy? >>. The research was conducted in the databases BDENF, LILACS and ScieLO virtual library, with the keywords: working conditions, nursing, public health and community health nursing. Interpretative reading made it possible to establish the construction of two categories, with the following grouping of data: "Family Health Team: the nurse's work (in)definition?" and "Nurses' work in Family Health team". Results: the nurse experience the vulnerability of the employment and job precariousness. On the other hand, the relationship with the team, the care act and autonomy were considered favorable aspects to his/her work. Conclusion: it is necessary to seek alternatives to ensure better working conditions to nurses.(AU)

Objetivo: conocer las condiciones de trabajo de las enfermeras que trabajan en equipos de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Método: una revisión integradora, con el fin de responder a la pregunta << ¿Cuáles son las condiciones de trabajo de las enfermeras que participan en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia? >>. Se realizó la búsqueda en las bases de datos LILACS, BDENF y biblioteca virtual SciELO con los descriptores: las condiciones de trabajo, enfermería, salud pública y enfermería en salud comunitaria. La lectura interpretativa permitió establecer la construcción de dos categorías, la siguiente agrupación de los datos: "¿Equipo de Salud de la Familia: (in)definición de trabajo de enfermería?" y "Trabajo de las enfermeras del equipo de Salud de la Familia". Resultados: las enfermeras experimentan la vulnerabilidad del contrato de trabajo y la inseguridad laboral. Por otro lado, la relación con el equipo, el acto de cuidar y de la autonomía se presentan como aspectos favorables a su trabajo. Conclusión: es necesario buscar alternativas para garantizar mejores condiciones de trabajo para las enfermeras.(AU)