Trofinetide for the treatment of Rett syndrome: Results from the open-label extension LILAC study.

BACKGROUND: Trofinetide was approved for the treatment of Rett syndrome based on the results of the phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled, 12-week LAVENDER study. Rett syndrome is a chronic disorder requiring long-term treatment. We report the efficacy and safety results of LILAC, a 40-week, open-label extension study of LAVENDER. METHODS: Females with Rett syndrome aged 5-21 years received open-label treatment with trofinetide for 40 weeks. The primary endpoint was long-term safety of trofinetide; secondary endpoints included the change from baseline at week 40 in the Rett Syndrome Behaviour Questionnaire score and the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement score at week 40. FINDINGS: Overall, 154 participants were enrolled and treated with trofinetide in LILAC. The most common adverse events in LILAC were diarrhea (74.7%), vomiting (28.6%), and COVID-19 (11.0%). Diarrhea was the most common adverse event leading to treatment withdrawal (21.4%). The Rett Syndrome Behaviour Questionnaire mean score (standard error) improvement from the LAVENDER baseline to week 40 in LILAC was -7.3 (1.62) and -7.0 (1.61) for participants treated with trofinetide and placebo in LAVENDER, respectively. Mean Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scores (standard error) at week 40 rated from the LILAC baseline were 3.1 (0.11) and 3.2 (0.14) for participants treated with trofinetide and placebo in LAVENDER, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with trofinetide for ≤40 weeks continued to improve symptoms of Rett syndrome. Trofinetide had a similar safety profile in LILAC as in LAVENDER. FUNDING: The study was supported by Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc. (San Diego, CA, USA). This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04279314).

Effects of molecular weight of hydrolysate on the formation of soy protein isolate hydrolysate nanofibrils: Kinetics, structures, and interactions.

Enzymatic hydrolysis prior to protein fibrillation was an effective way to facilitate the formation of nanofibrils. This study aimed to investigate the effects of molecular weights of hydrolysate on the kinetics, structures, and interactions of soy protein isolate (SPI) hydrolysate nanofibrils. The results showed that hydrolysate with molecular weight > 10 kDa showed a distinct fibrillation kinetics curve and a higher apparent rate constant (27.72) during fibrillation, indicating their vital role in determining the fibrillation. Hydrolysate with molecular weight > 10 kDa could form nanofibrils with higher radius gyration (17.11 ± 0.77 Å) due to stronger hydrophobic interaction, showing a stronger fibrillation ability. Hydrolysate with molecular weight within 5-10 kDa exhibited enhanced π-π stacking interactions during fibrillation, thereby promoting the extension of nanofibrils, and contributing to the formation of more nanofibrils. Hydrolysate with molecular weight < 5 kDa tended to randomly aggregate during fibrillation, resulting in a significant loss of cross-ß structures in nanofibrils. Therefore, hydrolysate with different molecular weights exhibited synergistic effects during fibrillation.

[Effect of CD8+ CD28- T Cells on Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease after Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of CD8+ CD28- T cells on acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD) after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(haplo-HSCT). METHODS: The relationship between absolute count of CD8+ CD28- T cells and aGVHD in 60 patients with malignant hematological diseases was retrospectively analyzed after haplo-HSCT, and the differences in the incidence rate of chronic graft-versus host disease(cGVHD), infection and prognosis between different CD8+ CD28- T absolute cells count groups were compared. RESULTS: aGVHD occurred in 40 of 60 patients after haplo-HSCT, with an incidence rate of 66.67%. The median occurrence time of aGVHD was 32.5(20-100) days. At 30 days after the transplantation, the absolute count of CD8+ CD28- T cells of aGVHD group was significantly lower than that of non-aGVHD group (P =0.03). Thus the absolute count of CD8+ CD28- T cells at 30 days after transplantation can be used to predict the occurrence of aGVHD to some extent. At 30 days after transplantation, the incidence rate of aGVHD in the low cell count group (CD8+ CD28- T cells absolute count < 0.06/µl) was significantly higher than that in the high cell count group (CD8+ CD28- T cells absolute count ≥0.06/µl,P =0.011). Multivariate Cox regression analysis further confirmed that the absolute count of CD8+ CD28-T cells at 30 days after transplantation was an independent risk factor for aGVHD, and the risk of aGVHD in the low cell count group was 2.222 times higher than that in the high cell count group (P =0.015). The incidence of cGVHD, fungal infection, EBV infection and CMV infection were not significantly different between the two groups with different CD8+ CD28- T cells absolute count. The overall survival, non-recurrent mortality and relapse rates were not significantly different between different CD8+ CD28- T cells absolute count groups. CONCLUSION: Patients with delayed CD8+ CD28- T cells reconstitution after haplo-HSCT are more likely to develop aGVHD, and the absolute count of CD8+ CD28- T cells can be used to predict the incidence of aGVHD to some extent. The absolute count of CD8+ CD28- T cells after haplo-HSCT was not associated with cGVHD, fungal infection, EBV infection, and CMV infection, and was also not significantly associated with the prognosis after transplantation.

Explaining the improving effect of dough crumb-sheet composite rolling on fresh noodle quality: From microstructure and moisture distribution perspective.

A new technique known as dough crumb-sheet composite rolling (DC-SCR) was used to improve the quality of fresh noodles. However, there is a dearth of theoretical investigations into the optimal selection of specific parameters for this technology, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Therefore, the effects of dough crumb addition times in DC-SCR on the texture, cooking, and eating quality of fresh noodles were first studied. Then, the underlying regulation mechanism of DC-SCR technology on fresh noodles was analyzed in terms of moisture distribution and microstructure. The study demonstrated that the most significant enhancement in the quality of fresh noodles was achieved by adding dough crumbs six times. Compared with fresh noodles made without the addition of dough crumbs, the initial hardness and chewiness of fresh noodles made by adding six times of dough crumbs increased by 25.32% and 46.82%, respectively. In contrast, the cooking time and cooking loss were reduced by 28.45% and 29.69%, respectively. This quality improvement in fresh noodles made by DC-SCR came from the microstructural differences of the gluten network between the inner and outer layers of the dough sheet. A dense structure on the outside and a loose structure on the inside could endow the fresh noodles made by DC-SCR with higher hardness, a shortened cooking time, and less cooking loss. This study would provide a theoretical and experimental basis for creating high-quality fresh noodles.

The "hidden noise" problem in MR image reconstruction.

PURPOSE: The performance of modern image reconstruction methods is commonly judged using quantitative error metrics like root mean squared-error and the structural similarity index, which are calculated by comparing reconstructed images against fully sampled reference data. In practice, the reference data will contain noise and is not a true gold standard. In this work, we demonstrate that the "hidden noise" present in reference data can substantially confound standard approaches for ranking different image reconstruction results. METHODS: Using both experimental and simulated k-space data and several different image reconstruction techniques, we examined whether there was correlation between performance metrics obtained with typical noisy reference data versus those obtained with higher-quality reference data. RESULTS: For conventional performance metrics, the reconstructions that matched best with the higher-quality reference data were substantially different from the reconstructions that matched best with typical noisy reference data. This leads to suboptimal reconstruction results if the performance with respect to noisy reference data is used to select which reconstruction methods/parameters to employ. These issues were reduced when employing alternative error metrics that better account for noise. CONCLUSION: Reference data containing hidden noise can substantially mislead the ranking of image reconstruction methods when using conventional error metrics, but this issue can be mitigated with alternative error metrics.

Potential contributions of keystone species to intestinal ecosystem in patients with Crohn's disease.

AIMS: Ravelling the central but poorly understood issue that potential contributions of keystone species to intestinal ecosystem functioning of patients with certain life-altering diseases including Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, a combination of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and amplicon-oriented metagenomic profiling was applied to gain insights into the shifts in bacterial community composition at different stages of CD course, and explore the functional roles of identified keystone species in intestinal microecosystem. Our results showed significant alterations in structure and composition of gut microbiota between CD patients and healthy control (HC) (P < 0.05), but was no difference at active and remission stages. Whole-community-based comprehensive analyses were employed to identify the differential species such as Escherichia coli, Anaerostipes hadrus, and Eubacterium hallii in CD patients, with healthy populations as the control. Metagenome-wide functional analyses further revealed that the relative abundance of specialized metabolism-related genes such as cynS, frdB, serA, and gltB from these bacterial species in CD group was significantly different (P < 0.05) from that in HC, and highlighted the potential roles of the keystone species in regulating the accumulation of important metabolites such as succinate, formate, ammonia, L-glutamate, and L-serine, which might have an effect on homeostasis of intestinal ecosystem. CONCLUSIONS: The findings identify several potential keystone species that may influence the intestinal microecosystem functioning of CD patients and provide some reference for future CD treatment.

Considerations for age estimation accuracy: Method-derived outcomes and practitioner interpretations.

Recent research observed 92% accuracy for age-at-death estimations by U.S. forensic anthropologists. The present study compares this case report level accuracy to method level accuracy for the most commonly used methods in U.S. casework, drawing from the Forensic Anthropology Database for Assessing Methods Accuracy (FADAMA). Method application rate (i.e., how often a method is used in casework) was analyzed for n = 641 cases and identified 15 methods with an application rate >45 cases, and the present study focused further analyses on these 15 methods. Of the 15, only four yielded accuracies greater than or equal to the 92% documented for case-report level accuracy. The other 11 methods produced accuracy rates ranging from 54% to 91%, with six of these below 70% This disconnect between highly accurate age estimations at the case report level compared to the poor performance at method level suggests that practitioner interpretation and synthesis of the methods' outcomes is a critical step for increasing the accuracy rates of the age estimations as reported on the final case report. This inference was further supported by the study's results which indicated that practitioner interpretations of frequently used method combinations improve accuracy and age range width of age estimation. The study also performed a Fisher's Exact test to assess whether case report-level accuracy differed with the number of aging methods used in a case, and found no significant differences.

Effect of Pilates combined with pelvic floor muscle training on continence of post-prostatectomy incontinence in patients with different body mass index.

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence symptoms severely affect older people with different body mass index (BMI).To compare the efficacy of the pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in patients with post-prostatectomy incontinence with different BMI. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with post-prostatectomy incontinence were included. They were divided into group A (BMI ≤ 25,12), group B (26 ≤ BMI ≤ 30,14), and group C (BMI ≥ 31,11) based on difference BMI. Three groups of patients underwent the same Pilates combined with kegel training. Participants were assessed with 1-hour pad test, the number of incontinence episodes, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire and Oxford Grading Scale. RESULTS: In the 1-hour pad test, the differences before and after training were statistically significant in all three groups of participants. Group A decreased from 81.83 ± 8.79 to 31.08 ± 5.64 g (P < 0.01). Group B decreased from 80.57 ± 8.87 to 35.85 ± 5.66 g (P < 0.01). Group C decreased from 83.55 ± 10.24 to 40.18 ± 7.01 g (P < 0.01). The number of incontinent episodes in group A decreased from 9.33 ± 1.07 to 3.25 ± 0.62 (P < 0.01). Group B decreased from 8.86 ± 1.09 to 3.79 ± 0.80 (P < 0.01). Group C decreased from 9.27 ± 1.10 to 4.09 ± 0.70 (P < 0.01). The correlation between the three groups of participants and the 1-hour pad test, with an R2 of 0.51. The correlation between the three groups of participants and the number of urinary incontinence episodes with a R2 of 0.43. CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic floor muscle training can affect the recovery of urinary continence in patients with different BMI. Maintaining a lower BMI can be beneficial for improving urinary control. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Date of trial registration: November 27, 2023.

Pelvic Abscess Caused by Ureteral Calculus and Abscess Treatment through Aspiration by Transperineal Puncture.

Pelvic abscess is mostly caused by gynecological inflammation or digestive system diseases such as appendicitis or Crohn's disease. This case of pelvic abscess originates from ureteral calculus and is not commonly seen in clinical practice. This is mainly due to the patient's ureteral stones not being actively treated. After local puncture and pus extraction, as well as the application of effective antibiotics, the patient recovered. Therefore, this case provides clinical doctors with experience that ureteral stones may cause serious complications and should be actively treated after detection.

Spatiotemporal and direct capturing global substrates of lysine-modifying enzymes in living cells.

Protein-modifying enzymes regulate the dynamics of myriad post-translational modification (PTM) substrates. Precise characterization of enzyme-substrate associations is essential for the molecular basis of cellular function and phenotype. Methods for direct capturing global substrates of protein-modifying enzymes in living cells are with many challenges, and yet largely unexplored. Here, we report a strategy to directly capture substrates of lysine-modifying enzymes via PTM-acceptor residue crosslinking in living cells, enabling global profiling of substrates of PTM-enzymes and validation of PTM-sites in a straightforward manner. By integrating enzymatic PTM-mechanisms, and genetically encoding residue-selective photo-crosslinker into PTM-enzymes, our strategy expands the substrate profiles of both bacterial and mammalian lysine acylation enzymes, including bacterial lysine acylases PatZ, YiaC, LplA, TmcA, and YjaB, as well as mammalian acyltransferases GCN5 and Tip60, leading to discovery of distinct yet functionally important substrates and acylation sites. The concept of direct capturing substrates of PTM-enzymes via residue crosslinking may extend to the other types of amino acid residues beyond lysine, which has the potential to facilitate the investigation of diverse types of PTMs and substrate-enzyme interactive proteomics.

Trofinetide Treatment Demonstrates a Benefit Over Placebo for the Ability to Communicate in Rett Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Trofinetide was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Rett syndrome (RTT) in March 2023. Benefiting the ability to communicate in RTT is often identified as the most important caregiver goal for new therapies. This analysis reports the communication-related end points from the phase 3 LAVENDER study of trofinetide in RTT. METHODS: Females with RTT, aged five to 20 years, were randomized 1:1 to trofinetide or placebo for 12 weeks. Secondary efficacy end points related to communication were based on change from baseline to week 12 and included the caregiver-rated Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile™ Infant-Toddler Checklist (CSBS-DP-IT) Social Composite score (key secondary end point; scores ranged from 0 to 26 [higher scores indicated better communication]) and novel clinician rating scales (0 [normal] to 7 [severe impairment]) measuring the ability to communicate choices nonverbally (RTT-COMC) and verbally (RTT-VCOM). RESULTS: Trofinetide demonstrated a statistically significant difference versus placebo for the CSBS-DP-IT Social Composite score (least squares mean [LSM] difference = 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3 to 1.7; P = 0.0064; Cohen's d effect size = 0.43) and a nominally significant difference for the RTT-COMC (LSM difference: -0.3; 95% CI, -0.6 to -0.0; P = 0.0257; Cohen's d effect size = 0.36). As expected, there was no difference for the RTT-VCOM. CONCLUSIONS: Significant treatment benefit for trofinetide versus placebo was observed in scales measuring the ability to communicate. These scales may be appropriate for future clinical studies in RTT and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Hospital­acquired pneumonia caused by Kodamaea ohmeri during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment: A case report and literature review.

Kodamaea ohmeri (K. ohmeri) is an ascosporogenic species of yeast that belongs to the genus Ascosporogenous and the family of Saccharomycetaceae. It has recently been found to cause various types of infections, particularly in critically ill immunocompromised patients. The present study describes a case of hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by K. ohmeri during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The fungal culture turned negative after the administration of caspofungin and amphotericin B. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an adjunctive medical technique that provides temporary cardiopulmonary support for patients. Previous observations have suggested that the immune function of patients will typically decline during the use of ECMO, rendering infection to be one of the main complications of ECMO. K. ohmeri is a rare pathogenic fungus, particularly in immunocompromised individuals with vascular catheters, while amphotericin B is the most common antifungal therapy administered to treat K. ohmeri infections. It is important to raise awareness of rare fungal infections and actively treat them.

O-GlcNAcylation Regulates Centrosome Behavior and Cell Polarity to Reduce Pulmonary Fibrosis and Maintain the Epithelial Phenotype.

O-GlcNAcylation functions as a cellular nutrient and stress sensor and participates in almost all cellular processes. However, it remains unclear whether O-GlcNAcylation plays a role in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, because mice lacking O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are embryonically lethal. Here, a mild Ogt knockout mouse model is constructed and the important role of O-GlcNAcylation in establishing and maintaining cell polarity is demonstrated. Ogt knockout leads to severe pulmonary fibrosis and dramatically promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mechanistic studies reveal that OGT interacts with pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1) and centrosomal protein 131 (CEP131), components of centriolar satellites required for anchoring microtubules to the centrosome. These data further show that O-GlcNAcylation of PCM1 and CEP131 promotes their centrosomal localization through phase separation. Decrease in O-GlcNAcylation prevents PCM1 and CEP131 from localizing to the centrosome, instead dispersing these proteins throughout the cell and impairing the microtubule-centrosome interaction to disrupt centrosome positioning and cell polarity. These findings identify a previously unrecognized role for protein O-GlcNAcylation in establishing and maintaining cell polarity with important implications for the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.

Investigating identification disparities in forensic anthropology casework.

Forensic anthropology is shifting to reflect on the impact of its practices within the criminal justice context in important ways. Here, we contribute to this essential work by examining how decedent demographics as well as estimations of biological profile components are related to identification trends in forensic anthropology cases. The study uses data from more than 1,200 identified and unidentified forensic anthropology cases from three agencies (together representing a nation-wide sample). We found the following: i) multivariate analyses indicated that decedent sex, age, and race and/or ethnicity are not related to case identification rates in the pooled United States sample, ii) when identification rate differences do occur, they appear to be smaller effects, more agency-specific, and/or related to the context of a particular agency, iii) for the agency-specific sample with available data, there was no consistent evidence for a discrepancy in the duration of an identification investigation based on a decedent's sex, age, or race and/or ethnicity, iv) forensic anthropological estimations of sex, age, and ancestry can improve the odds of identification for decedents, although these are small effects, and v) reporting an ancestry estimation does not appear to impact decedent race representation among resolved unidentified person cases. Although previous studies have identified demographic discrepancies in other areas of the criminal justice system, the results presented here suggest that decedent demographic estimation practices by forensic anthropologists in general do not appear to be related to discrepancies in identification trends, but more research is needed to examine whether these findings hold. Contextual factors and practices specific to each investigative agency likely contribute to identification trends.

Copper Nanowire/Polydopamine-Modified Sodium Alginate Composite Films with Enhanced Long-Term Stability and Adhesion for Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

Copper nanowire (CuNW), with combined advantages of high conductivity and cost-effectiveness, is considered a promising material for the development of next-generation transparent conductive films (TCFs) in the field of flexible optoelectronics. However, the practical application of CuNW TCFs is hindered by some limitations, such as conductivity degradation and poor adhesion. Here, we demonstrate a stable CuNW composite film by embedding CuNWs into a polydopamine (PDA)-modified sodium alginate (NaAlg) matrix without sacrificing the optoelectronic properties of the CuNW network. The introduction of the PDA modifier significantly enhances the antiaging capability of the NaAlg layer, providing strengthened protection of the embedded CuNWs against moisture and oxygen, thereby resulting in minimal degradation of the conductivity of CuNWs for up to 9 months under ambient conditions. Simultaneously, the interface adhesion between the CuNW network and the substrate is further enhanced due to the abundance of catechol structures in PDA, allowing for the maintenance of the electrical conductivity of the CuNW network even under cyclic external bending stress and tape-peeling forces. In addition, embedding CuNWs into the polymer binding layer produces a CuNW composite film with a very smooth surface. A flexible OLED based on the PDA-modified NaAlg/CuNW TCF is successfully fabricated, exhibiting performance comparable to that of a traditional rigid indium tin oxide-based device, while also demonstrating remarkable mechanical durability. The modification strategy can promote practical applications of the CuNW network in flexible optoelectronic devices.

Modelling dried noodle quality: Contribution of starch and protein physicochemical properties of 32 wheat cultivars.

30 mainstream wheat breeds from China and 2 from Australian were evaluated to analyze the correlation between grain quality traits, protein/starch properties and the comprehensive quality of fine dried noodles (FDN), with a multiple regression analysis conducted to establish predictive equations. Results showed FDN quality was both determined by the protein content and quality, as well as the starch properties, especially pasting characteristics. The balance between gluten strength and starch swelling characteristics was a key point to produce high quality FDN. Zhoumai32 and APW were found to be excellent cultivars for FDN production. Gluten content and index, SDS sedimentation value, dough extensibility, setback and peak viscosity could be served as indicators for specializing FDN flour. The established predictive equations could well explain over 60% of the variation in noodle color, cooking time, hardness, chewiness, and extensibility. These results were hoped to be a fundamental step towards developing the related standards or regulations for specializing FDN flour and rapid noodle quality prediction.

Valuation of EQ-5D-5L health states from cancer patients' perspective: a feasibility study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility of estimating an EQ-5D-5L value set using a small study design in cancer patients and to compare the EQ-5D-5L values based on the preferences of cancer patients with those of the general public. METHODS: Patients with clinically diagnosed cancers were recruited from two hospitals in Shanghai, China. In face-to-face interviews using the EQ-PVT survey, health states were valued by cancer patients using both cTTO and DCE methods. cTTO data was modelled alone or jointly with DCE data. Forty-eight models using different model specifications (cross-attribute level effect [CALE] and additive models), random/fixed effects model assumptions, data heteroscedasticity and censoring were estimated. The best performed model was identified in terms of monotonicity of estimated model coefficients and out-of-sample prediction accuracy. RESULTS: Data collected from 221 cancer patients who participated in the study were included. The hybrid CALE model using both TTO and DCE data performed best in terms of prediction accuracy (Lin's concordance coefficient = 0.989; root mean squared error = 0.058) and suggested that pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression were the most undesirable health problems. Compared to values based on general Chinese public's health preferences, the values based on cancer patients' preferences were much higher and lower for health states characterized by extreme mobility problems and severe/extreme pain or discomfort, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using a small design to develop EQ-5D-5L value sets based on cancer patients' health preferences. Since there were signs of differences between preferences of patients and general population, it may be valuable to develop patient-specific value sets and use them in clinical decision making and economic evaluations.

Organic ultraviolet absorbents in soils and typical plants from an industrial metropolis in China: Concentrations, profiles and environmental implications.

There is accumulating evidence of the toxicity of organic ultraviolet absorbers (OUVAs); however, limited information is available regarding the presence of OUVAs in terrestrial environments and organisms. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of 11 OUVAs in soils and typical plant species from an industrial metropolis in China. Total OUVA concentrations in soils ranged from 1.30 to 80.3 ng g-1 DW. Based on comparison with previously reported data, OUVA contamination in soil was not severe. Benzophenone and octocrylene were the dominant OUVAs in soils, with median contributions to total concentrations of 25% and 15%, respectively. Source assessment revealed that the observed OUVA contamination primarily originated from industrial activities and the use of personal care products. The concentration of 11 OUVAs in plants ranged from 159 to 4470 ng g-1 DW, at high levels. Our findings imply that great attention should be given to the presence of these chemicals in plants because of the risk they could pose as well as the potential for biomagnification as plants are eaten by insects and birds. Our results also indicate the necessity to further study the geochemical behavior of these chemicals in urban ecosystems in order to better manage the harmfulness to terrestrial ecological health caused by their exposure through the food chains.

Combined Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Argatroban on Balance Function and Daily Living Activities in Hemiplegic Patients Following Cerebral Infarction.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with argatroban on balance function and activities of daily living in patients with hemiplegia following cerebral infarction (CI). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 104 patients with hemiplegia after CI who were admitted to our hospital from July 2020 to July 2021. The patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG), with 52 patients in each group. The EG received TMS in combination with argatroban, while the CG received argatroban alone. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and modified Barthel index (BI) were used to assess the balance function and activities of daily living in both groups after treatment. Results: After treatment, the EG demonstrated significantly higher BBS and BI scores compared to the CG (P < .001). Additionally, the EG showed significantly improved upper limb and lower limb Functional Ambulation Profile (FAM) scores compared to the CG (P < .05). Conclusions: The combination of TMS and argatroban proves to be an effective approach for enhancing balance function and activities of daily living in hemiplegic patients with CI. Therefore, it is recommended as a valuable rehabilitation treatment for such patients.

Genetically Encoded Noncanonical Amino Acids in Proteins to Investigate Lysine Benzoylation.

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of lysine residues are major regulators of gene expression, protein-protein interactions, and protein localization and degradation. Histone lysine benzoylation is a recently identified epigenetic marker associated with active transcription, which has physiological relevance distinct from histone acetylation and can be regulated by debenzoylation of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2). Herein, we provide a protocol for the incorporation of benzoyllysine and fluorinated benzoyllysine into full-length histone proteins, which further serve as benzoylated histone probes with NMR or fluorescence signal for investigating the dynamics of SIRT2-mediated debenzoylation.