Evaluating ChatGPT platform in delivering heart failure educational material: A comparison with the leading national cardiology institutes.

BACKGROUND: Patient education plays a crucial role in improving the quality of life for patients with heart failure. As artificial intelligence continues to advance, new chatbots are emerging as valuable tools across various aspects of life. One prominent example is ChatGPT, a widely used chatbot among the public. Our study aims to evaluate the readability of ChatGPT answers for common patients' questions about heart failure. METHODS: We performed a comparative analysis between ChatGPT responses and existing heart failure educational materials from top US cardiology institutes. Validated readability calculators were employed to assess and compare the reading difficulty and grade level of the materials. Furthermore, blind assessment using The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) was done by four advanced heart failure attendings to evaluate the readability and actionability of each resource. RESULTS: Our study revealed that responses generated by ChatGPT were longer and more challenging to read compared to other materials. Additionally, these responses were written at a higher educational level (undergraduate and 9-10th grade), similar to those from the Heart Failure Society of America. Despite achieving a competitive PEMAT readability score (75 %), surpassing the American Heart Association score (68 %), ChatGPT's actionability score was the lowest (66.7 %) among all materials included in our study. CONCLUSION: Despite its current limitations, artificial intelligence chatbots has the potential to revolutionize the field of patient education especially given theirs ongoing improvements. However, further research is necessary to ensure the integrity and reliability of these chatbots before endorsing them as reliable resources for patient education.

Navigating the Unexpected: Right Aortic Arch Unveiled During Left Heart Catheterization.

A right aortic arch (RAA) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly with seven identified variants. While most variants are asymptomatic, those with a vascular ring can be associated with severe symptoms. We present an incidental RAA finding during left heart catheterization (LHC) in a 68-year-old female with multiple morbidities presented with worsening angina. Her echocardiogram was significant for inferolateral wall akinesia, prompting LHC. The procedure was challenging with an unexpected course of the guide wire distally behind the cardiac shadow. Pressure tracing confirmed arterial access and contrast injection revealed RAA. A subsequent aortic computed tomography angiography (CTA) confirmed RAA with mirror-image branching. Abnormal origin and angle of aortic arch branches pose challenges in choosing the proper access. We used the right radial artery approach, but the left radial approach may be superior in providing a more proximal access and avoiding the abnormal origin of the right subclavian artery (RSA). Choosing the appropriate angiographic view is also of utmost importance, and the right anterior oblique view provided better visualization in our case. Aortic arch anomalies are confirmed by a CTA or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the aorta. This case underscores the importance of identifying the aortic arch anomalies and the imposed challenges during the LHC.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in pregnancy: Nationwide analysis of patients characteristics and outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) poses unique challenges in the management of pregnant patients due to the complex interplay of physiological changes of pregnancy. Despite its relatively low prevalence among pregnant women, HCM can significantly impact maternal and fetal outcomes. This study aims to enhance understanding of pregnant patients with HCM and the associated outcomes through a nationwide analysis of patient characteristics and outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data obtained from the Agency for Healthcare Research in Quality (AHRQ) Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from January 2016 to December 2020. 3,599,855 pregnant patients without HCM and 187 pregnant patients with HCM were identified using International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes, and baseline characteristics, medical comorbidities, and outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics, including age distribution, racial composition, and prevalence of systemic organ disease, between pregnant women with and without HCM. Women with HCM had higher odds of experiencing maternal complications, such as acute heart failure and peripartum cardiomyopathy, as well as higher rates of fetal distress and obstetric interventions, including preterm delivery and caesarean section. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive cardiovascular assessment and risk stratification are essential in pregnant women with HCM to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes. Moreover, disparities in baseline characteristics and outcomes among black pregnant women with HCM highlight the need for a multifactorial approach to addressing pregnancy-related complications.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of headache among medical students in Palestine: a cross sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Headache is one of the most disturbing complaints worldwide, negatively impacting social and regular life activities. In the background of stressful life in medical schools, adding to the stressful situation in Palestine, a developing country under occupation, this study investigated the prevalence and clinical characteristics of migraines and tension- type headaches among medical students from the Palestinian Universities in West Bank and Gaza. METHODS: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted on all Palestinian Medical Students. Students were diagnosed based on ICHD-3 criteria. Demographic characteristics were compared by gender for each type of headache. Frequency, percentage, and mean ± SD. Pearson's chi-squared test, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used where needed. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The study included 806 medical students; 476 (59.0%) of them were female. TTH and migraine's prevalence was 59.8 and 22%, respectively, with a higher prevalence among basic year students. The female to male ratio was 1:0.6 for both types of headaches. Sleep deprivation, physical activities, and altered sleep patterns were reported as the top triggering factors. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that the prevalence of both subtypes' primary headache is high among Palestinian medical students, with a higher prevalence among basic year students. The study also showed that these findings are higher than other studies among medical students in other countries.

The effect of a digital targeted client communication intervention on pregnant women's worries and satisfaction with antenatal care in Palestine-A cluster randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The eRegCom cluster randomized controlled trial assesses the effectiveness of targeted client communication (TCC) via short message service (SMS) to pregnant women, from a digital maternal and child health registry (eRegistry) in Palestine, on improving attendance and quality of care. In this paper, we assess whether this TCC intervention could also have unintended consequences on pregnant women's worries, and their satisfaction with antenatal care (ANC). METHODS: We interviewed a sub-sample of Arabic-speaking women attending ANC at public primary healthcare clinics, randomized to either the TCC intervention or no TCC (control) in the eRegCom trial, who were in 38 weeks of gestation and had a phone number registered in the eRegistry. Trained female data collectors interviewed women by phone from 67 intervention and 64 control clusters, after securing informed oral consent. The Arabic interview guide, pilot-tested prior to the data collection, included close-ended questions to capture the woman's socio-demographic status, agreement questions about their satisfaction with ANC services, and the 13-item Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS). We employed a non-inferiority study design and an intention-to-treat analysis approach. RESULTS: A total of 454 women, 239 from the TCC intervention and 215 from the control arm participated in this sub-study. The mean and standard deviation of the CWS were 1.8 (1.9) for the intervention and 2.0 (1.9) for the control arm. The difference in mean between the intervention and control arms was -0.16 (95% CI: -0.31 to -0.01) after adjusting for clustering, which was below the predefined non-inferiority margin of 0.3. Women in both groups were equally satisfied with the ANC services they received. CONCLUSION: The TCC intervention via SMS did not increase pregnancy-related worries among recipients. There was no difference in women's satisfaction with the ANC services between intervention and control arms.