RESUMO
Pregnant women in Vietnam have a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and low prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis. This study aims to assess the feasibility and benefit of universal testing for HIV, HBV and syphilis in antenatal care (ANC) services. A pilot project was conducted in the Thai Nguyen province of Vietnam between 2012 and 2014. HIV, HBV and syphilis testing were offered to pregnant women. Interventions to eliminate mother-to child-transmission (MTCT) of the three pathogens were provided to infected mothers and their infants. Descriptive analysis was conducted, and the number of infections averted from integrating hepatitis B tests into ANC was estimated. Testing coverage for HIV, HBV and syphilis for the cohort of pregnant women during the pilot project was 98%. Prevalence of HIV, HBV and syphilis infections in this cohort was 0.14%, 7.8%, and 0.03%, respectively. No infant was infected with HIV or syphilis, while HBV infection was diagnosed in 27 infants (13.9%). An estimated 23 mother to child HBV infections were prevented by integrated interventions. The triple prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, HBV and syphilis is feasible. Investment in the expansion of the integrated approach is required to achieve the goal of eliminating MTCT.
Assuntos
Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde/economia , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Adulto , Análise Custo-Benefício , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Lactente , Projetos Piloto , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Gestantes , Cuidado Pré-Natal/organização & administração , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Prevalência , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Sífilis/prevenção & controle , Tailândia/epidemiologia , Vietnã/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in surface sediment from five estuaries of central coasts of Vietnam to understand the spatial distributions and seasonal variations. The contamination pattern was in the order: PCBs (9.72-3730â¯ngâ¯g-1 dry wt.)â¯>â¯PBDEs (11.8-311â¯ngâ¯g-1 dry wt.)â¯>â¯DDTs (0.462-26.7â¯ngâ¯g-1 dry wt.)â¯>â¯HCHs (0.491-22.6â¯ngâ¯g-1 dry wt.)â¯>â¯endosulfan compounds (0.196-19.4â¯ngâ¯g-1 dry wt.). DDTs and HCHs showed a little geographical variation, whereas PCBs and PBDEs exhibited clearer spatial distribution trend. Elevated concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs were detected in some sites in Nghe An and Quang Binh Province, which could be related to the human activities such as tourism, transportation, and domestic consumption. Seasonal variations of DDTs and HCHs were observed, showing higher residues in rainy seasons.