Planned pregnancy affects primigravida readiness in role transitions.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the correlation between planned pregnancy and role transition in primigravida. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Bandarharjo Health Centre, Semarang, Indonesia, from February to July 2022, and comprised married primigravida's regardless of trimester who had never had a miscarriage. Data was collected using the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy, and the Body Understanding Measure for Pregnancy Scale instruments. Data was analysed using. the software SPSS version 26. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Of the 86 subjects, 40(46.5%) were aged 17-25 years, while 34(40.7%) were aged 12-16 years. All the 86 (100%) were married, although some of them acquired pregnancy before the wedding. There were 40(46.5%) unplanned pregnancies, and 36(41.9%) participants were ready for role change compared to 18(20.9%) who were not ready to face the new role. Planned pregnancy significantly correlated with primigravida readiness for role transitions (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant relationship between planned pregnancy and readiness to face the role.

The effect of the roles of clinical educators on patient safety competencies in nursing profession students.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between clinical educator roles and patient safety competence in nursing students. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from December 21, 2021, to June 7, 2022, at the Sultan Agung Teaching Hospital, Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia, and comprised nursing students in the clinical stage of their training. Data was collected using an observation sheet, while the role of clinical educator was explored using a structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. RESULTS: There were 232 nursing students. Of these, 203(87.5%) were females. The age range of the students included was between 21 and 25 years with an average of 23.14±0.543 years. All the students were hospital oriented and had received training on patient safety measures. Patient safety competencies were related to the roles of resource person (p<0.038), role model (p<0.004), evaluator (p<0.020), facilitator (p<0.006), manager (p<0.013) and supporter (p<0.007). The role of the manager had the most significant effect on patient safety competencies (p<0.001). Conclusion: Patient safety competencies were significantly related to the roles of resource person, role model, evaluator, facilitator, manager and supporter, but the role of the manager had the strongest correlation with patient safety competencies.

Non-Pharmacological Pain and Stress Management (N-PPSM) in Pediatric Wards: A Nurses' Perspective.

PURPOSE: To describe the nurses' use of non-pharmacological pain and stress management (N-PPSM) in pediatric wards and their perceptions of the benefits and perceived barriers that encourage and limited their use of these methods. METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 125 nurses working in the pediatric ward of an Indonesian hospital. Data collection utilized modified non-pharmacological method questionnaires, and data analysis involved t-tests and ANOVA. RESULTS: The most widely used N-PPSM by nurses are cognitive methods such as providing education (48%), physical methods by positioning (40%), emotional support (36%), environmental support (45%), and family support (60%). Nurses stated that N-PPSM had few side effects (50.4%), were inexpensive (49.6%), could be performed independently (51.2%), and were easy to use (52.8%). However, during its implementation, there were several obstacles including lack of experience (42.4%), lack of training (48%), lack of equipment (45.6%), nurse belief (36.8%), lack of time (44%), patient unwilling (47.2%), and patient belief (41.6%). Work experience influences the overall utilization of N-PPSM (p-value = .043). CONCLUSION: The findings from this research emphasize the significance of enhanced training for nurses working in the utilization of N-PPSM in pediatric wards. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Findings from this study can enhance nurses' knowledge and competence in using N-PPSM in pediatric wards, thus improving patient care. Hospitals may consider implementing new policies, education, training, and infrastructure to support N-PPSM. Educational institutions can also incorporate these methods into nursing curricula, increasing nurses' awareness and skills in using N-PPSM in pediatric patients.

Factors associated with infant and young child feeding practices in children aged 6-23 months in Indonesia: A nationwide study.

INTRODUCTION: Children-related nutrition raises significant attention due to the low implementation of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. However, the factors affecting the low implementation of IYCF remains limited globally. This study aimed to identify factors influencing IYCF in children aged 6-23 months in Indonesia. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 4943 responses were included. We employed binary logistic regression to determine the factors affecting IYCF practices in children aged 6-23 months. The results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: Several factors significantly influenced IYCF practices among children aged 6-23 months, including the age of the child (OR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.27-0.65), middle wealth index (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.12-3.08), regional disparities (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.23-0.77), place of residence (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.17-2.68), and a history of childhood diseases like fever (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.05-2.58). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the significance of various factors related to IYCF practices among children aged 6-23 months. These factors include maternal aspects such as wealth index, child-related factors like age, a history of childhood illnesses such as fever, and environmental factors such as regional disparities and place of residence. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Paediatric nurses can contribute to enhancing maternal knowledge by providing education on the importance of infant and child feeding practices, beginning early in the child's life.

Improving complementary feeding practice and child growth in Indonesia through family empowerment intervention.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of family empowerment intervention in improving complementary feeding practices and child growth in Indonesia. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design was used to gather data from 60 mothers and their youngest children, aged 6-11 months, who participated in this project from two urban areas in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. The independent variable was an eleven-week family empowerment intervention, including pre- and post-test. The dependent variable was complementary feeding practice and child growth. Complementary feeding practice indicators consist of minimum dietary diversity (MDD), meal frequency (MMF), acceptable diet (MAD), energy, protein, and zinc adequacy, assessed using a 3x24 hour food recall. Child growth indicators consist of weight-for-age (WAZ), length/height-for-age (HAZ), and weight-for-length/height (WHZ) measured using an infantometer and baby scales. The data obtained were then analysed using the McNemar test, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, and the Mann Whitney U test, with a significance level of a<0.05. RESULTS: Family empowerment intervention significantly improved complementary feeding practice indicators, including MDD, MMF, MAD, energy, protein, and zinc adequacy. It also significantly increased the child's WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ scores (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The family empowerment intervention can be used as a nursing intervention to improve a family's ability to provide appropriate complementary feeding practices and support a child's optimal growth.

Parents' behaviour in individual-level prevention in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Surabaya.

Objectives: To assess parental preventive behaviour related to children related to the coronavirus disease-2019. Method: The descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2021 in Kalirungkut, Surabaya, Indonesia, after approval from the ethics review committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. The sample comprised parents of children aged <5. Data was collected using the Indonesian version of the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 125 subjects, 57(45.6%) were mothers and 68(54.4%) were fathers. Majority 63(50.3%) were aged 26-35 years, 82(85.6%) had completed senior high school, and 64(51.2%) had 2 children. Perceived susceptibility (p=0.044, rho=0.181), perceived severity (p=0.000, rho=0.363), perceived benefits (p=0.036, rho = 0.188), cues to action (p=0.018, rho=0.211) and self-efficacy (p=0.000, rho=0.345) were significantly related to parental behaviour, while perceived barrier was not significantly related (p=0.094, rho=-0.150). CONCLUSIONS: All factors in the Health Belief Model were found to be related to parental preventive behaviour except perceived barriers.

Factors associated with hypertension in women of childbearing age.

Objectives: To investigate factors associated with hypertension in women of childbearing age. Method: The correlational, cross-sectional study was done in Madiun, East Java, Indonesia, in August 2021 after approval from the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. The sample comprised women of childbearing age who were married and not pregnant. Data was collected using questionnaires, while blood pressure, height and weight of the subjects were measured and noted. Data were analysed using Spearman Rho test. RESULTS: Of the 311 subjects with mean age 32.06±7.10 years, 184(59.2%) were housewives; 153(49.2%) had studied up to the Senior High School level; 166(53.38%) were overweight; 157(50.48%) had family history of hypertension; 99 (31.83%) were exposed to cigarette 1-2 hours a day; 141(45.34%) were using hormonal contraception for >2 years; 94(30.23%) had low physical activity; 148 (47.59%) had high sodium consumption; and 139(44.69%) consumed coffee 2-3 cup/day. Hypertension prevalence was 123(39.55%). BMI (r=0.750), family history (r=0.763), exposure to cigarette smoke (r=0.755), physical activity level (r=-0.806), and sodium (r=0.505) were significantly associated with hypertension (p<0.05). Hormonal contraception (r=0.271) and coffee consumption (r= 0.127) had a weak association with hypertension incidence (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Risk of hypertension in women increased for those with high body mass index, family history, high exposure to cigarette smoke, and high sodium intake.

The effectiveness of breastfeeding self-efficacy intervention on implementation of breastfeeding in low-birth-weight infants: A systematic review.

Objectives: To present an overview of breastfeeding self-efficacy interventions to enhance the implementation of exclusive breastfeeding for mothers with low birth weight infants. Method: The systematic review comprised search for randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies published between January 2014 to January 2022 on Scopus, ScienceDirect, Sage journals, ProQuest, Google Scholar and PubMed databases using the Population-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome framework and in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. The analytical quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. RESULTS: Of the 339 studies initially identified, 10(2.94%) qualified for detailed analysis. Breastfeeding self-efficacy interventions could notably enhance the implementation of exclusive breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding self-efficacy interventions can be modified and effectively used by nurses to improve the implementation of exclusive breastfeeding for mothers with low birth weight infants.

Determinants of under-five mortality in Indonesia: A nationwide study.

BACKGROUND: The mortality rate for infants and children under five in Indonesia is an ongoing challenge for the government, with figures exceeding the targets set for the country by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). OBJECTIVES: This study aims to discover the factors causing under-five mortality in Indonesia. METHODS: This study will employ a cross-sectional study design with data sourced from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) between July and September 2017. The sample included 10,014 women who had given birth in the five years prior to the survey. The data was analyzed using Binary logistic regression with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: The significant factors relating to under-five mortality in Indonesia are: mother's age at birth (AOR = 2.04; 95% CI 95% = 1.11-3.77); birth weight (AOR = 7.60; 95% CI 95% = 5.17-11.19); the sex of the child (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI 95% = 1.28-2.52); frequency of using the internet (AOR = 1.13; 95% CI 95% = 0.02-0.95); residence (AOR = 0.64; 95% CI 95% = 0.33-0.94); and birth interval (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI 95% = 0.29-0.92). Birth weight is the more likely cause for under-five mortality in Indonesia. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that the characteristics of mothers, children, the area of residence, and the behavior of the mother affect the under-five mortality. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Pediatric nurses can have a role to play in developing knowledge about health for both mothers and families. Additionally, accessible health education on issues from planning a pregnancy to childcare should be promoted in both rural and urban areas as well as a campaign on proper hygiene practices.

Psycho-Education on Knowledge of Oral Hygiene and Psychological Distress to the Parents with Leukemia Children.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of psycho-educational intervention on knowledge of oral hygiene and psychological distress to the parents of children suffering from leukemia. METHODS: Design of this study was a quasi-experimental pre-posttest control group design. The sample were 70 mothers who had children with leukemia (intervention group = 35 mothers; control group = 35 mothers). The independent variable was psycho-educational, while the dependent variables were oral hygiene knowledge and psychological distress. The instruments used were the knowledge questionnaire and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Mann Whitney U-test with the significance α =0.05. RESULTS: The knowledge most widely known by parents was about how to perform of oral care (37.3%). All parameters of knowledge about oral hygiene have increased after being given a psycho-educational intervention. Psycho-educational interventions had an effect on reducing psychological distress; depression (p=0.000), anxiety (p=0.001) and stress (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: Most parents whose children suffer from cancer experience psychological distress in the form of depression, anxiety and stress with a range of symptoms ranging from mild to moderate. Psycho-educational interventions can increase knowledge about oral hygiene and decrease psychological distress in parents. 
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The use of gadgets and their relationship to poor sleep quality and social interaction on mid-adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Mid-adolescents dominate the number of gadget users in Indonesia. The use of gadgets to a high intensity can cause various problems such as poor sleep quality and decreased social interaction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the intensity of the use of gadgets and the quality of sleep and social interaction in adolescents. METHOD: The research design used was a correlational research study with a cross-sectional approach. Through the calculation of the sample, the respondents were 250 adolescents who met the inclusion criteria, namely (1) adolescents aged 15-18 years and (2) teens who owned and used gadgets. The sampling method used simple random sampling by conducting a lottery system in each class. The independent variable was the intensity of using the gadget, while the dependent variable was the quality of sleep and social interaction. Data collection focused on the intensity of gadget use using questionnaires and it was analyzed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS). The data was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation with α = 0.05. RESULTS: The results showed that the intensity of gadget use was positively related to poor sleep quality in adolescents (p = <0.001; r = 0.555). The intensity of the use of gadgets was also related to social interaction with a negative direction. The higher the intensity of the use of gadgets, the lower the social interaction in adolescents (p = 0.001; r = -293). CONCLUSION: The use of gadgets in the mid-adolescent years is related to sleep disorders as regards the latency and duration of sleep. Adolescents are more likely to engage in social interaction and communication through gadgets than face to face.

Adolescent characteristics and parenting style as the determinant factors of bullying in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of adolescents bullying in Indonesia has increased. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation of demographic characteristics, parental interactions and parenting style as the potential determinants of bullying behavior in adolescents. METHOD: The research design used was cross-sectional. The study population consisted of adolescents in Indonesia who accessed the Google form, and adolescents who study at a junior high school and a vocational high school in Surabaya. The study sample totaled 705 adolescents based on consecutive sampling with a study period of 3 months. The independent variables were demographic characteristics, parental interactions and parenting style, while the dependent variable was bullying behavior. The data collection method used was a questionnaire filled in by the adolescents through a Google form and a questionnaire sheet. The statistical analysis used the chi-square test for the adolescent's characteristics and Spearman's rank correlation with α = 0.05. RESULTS: The results showed that the characteristics of the adolescents, namely age and place of residence, were related to bullying behavior. A permissive and authoritarian parenting style had a positive correlation with being a bullying perpetrator, while only permissive parenting style had a positive correlation with being a bullying victim. CONCLUSION: Adolescents experience bullying behavior as both the perpetrators and victims. Adolescents living in rural areas are more likely to commit bullying as the perpetrators. A parenting style that is either too rigid or too free has a high risk of being a bullying behavior factor as the perpetrator. Parents are expected to apply an authoritative parenting style in order to prevent the risk of bullying in adolescents.