RESUMO
Ischaemic priapism is characterised by hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis with resultant corporal fibrosis. Studies reported decreased erectile recovery after treatment of priapism longer than 36 h. However, a recent study revealed that half of patients with 3 days of priapism achieved recovery after T-shunt, although mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of priapism duration on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as control. Groups 2, 3 and 4 represented 1, 2 and 4 h, respectively, of priapism induced by vacuum device and rubber band placed at base of erect penis. After 30 min of reperfusion, penectomy and blood withdrawal were performed to investigate levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Corporal MDA progressively increased with priapism duration (P = 0.01). Corporal SOD significantly differed between groups 1, 2 and 4. Also, there were significant differences in corporal GPx in groups 1 and 4 (P = 0.004) and groups 2 and 4 (P = 0.01). Corporal CAT was higher in group 4, but multivariable analysis revealed insignificant differences. Plasma MDA of the experimental groups was significantly higher than that of controls. There were no differences among groups in terms of other parameters. Increased antioxidant enzymes according to duration of priapism suggest that immediate treatment to relieve oxidative stress should be initiated in prolonged cases. However, further studies should be conducted to determine resistance mechanisms of the corpora to prolonged ischaemia.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Isquemia/complicações , Estresse Oxidativo , Pênis/metabolismo , Priapismo/metabolismo , Animais , Catalase/análise , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glutationa Peroxidase/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/análise , Priapismo/sangue , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Superóxido Dismutase/análiseRESUMO
The aim of this study was to elucidate whether circumcision during the phallic period (3-to 6-year old) has a negative impact on psychosexual functions in adulthood. Over a 6-month period, healthy and sexually active men between 30 and 40 years without any comorbidities were involved. Participants were evaluated with detailed history, physical examination, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) and Beck Depression Inventory. Cases were divided into two groups according to the age at circumcision (group-1: phallic period, group-2: nonphallic period). Student's t-test and Kruskall-Wallis were used for statistical analysis. Of the 321 participants, a total of 302 men were eligible for the study (group-1: n = 135, group-2: n = 167). No statistical difference was found between the mean total IIEF scores (group-1: 25.1 ± 4.8, group-2: 25.4 ± 4.6, P > 0.05). The subdomains of IIEF; erectile function, orgasm, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, overall satisfaction were also found to be comparable. Additionally, the PEDT scores were similar between the two groups (group-1: 8.2 ± 4.8, group-2: 8.7 ± 5.4, P > 0.05). Finally, Beck depression scores were also found to be comparable between the groups (group-1: 10.8 ± 10.4, group-2: 9.8 ± 8.9, P > 0.05). Our results suggest that circumcision during the phallic period does not negatively affect the psychosexual functions in adulthood.
Assuntos
Circuncisão Masculina/efeitos adversos , Circuncisão Masculina/psicologia , Desenvolvimento Psicossexual , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/etiologia , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/psicologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Ejaculação , Humanos , Masculino , Ereção Peniana , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/etiologia , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , TurquiaRESUMO
To analyse the levels of an indirect marker of ROS-induced lipid peroxidation [i.e. malondialdehyde (MDA)] in both testes and the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) in the left testis after induction of varicocele and investigated the impact of micronised purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) on these markers. Forty-nine adolescent (6-week-old) male Wistar rats were included in this study. The rats were divided into seven groups as follows:Group-1, control; Group-2, sham; Group-3, left varicocele-induced; Group-4, varicocele + varicocelectomy + MPFF-treated (for 4 weeks); Group-5, varicocele + MPFF-treated (for 8 weeks); Group-6, varicocele-induced and 4 weeks later, MPFF-treated (for 4 weeks); and Group-7, varicocele + varicocelectomy. MDA was measured in the tissues of both testes using the thiobarbituric acid reactivity method. The ELISA method was used for the quantification of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the left testicular tissue. The levels of MDA were significantly higher in the varicocele group than in the other groups. The MDA levels in the left testicular tissues of Group-7 were significantly higher than those of Group 4 (P = 0.03). In the varicocele group, the MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels decreased, whereas the levels of TIMP-1 increased. The tissue levels of MMP-2 in Groups 4, 5 and 7 were significantly higher than those in Group 1 (P < 0.05).
Assuntos
Flavonoides/farmacologia , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Testículo/metabolismo , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-1/metabolismo , Varicocele/fisiopatologia , Animais , Diosmina/farmacologia , Hesperidina/farmacologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of decorin, a naturally occurring proteoglycan with anti-transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) activity, on the rat model of Peyronie's disease (PD). Twenty-five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in three groups: I) TGF-ß (0.5 µg) injected (n: 8); II) TGF-ß injected and decorin treated (n: 8); and III) controls (n: 9). Decorin (0.5 µg per day) was given with intracavernous injection on the second, third, fourth and fifth day following TGF-ß injection. All rats underwent electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve after 6 weeks. Intracavernosal and arterial blood pressures were measured during this procedure. Cross-sections of the rat penises were examined using Mason trichrome and H&E stains. Statistical analyses were carried out using one-way anova. Histopathological examinations confirmed the Peyronie's-like condition in TGF-ß-injected rats, which exhibited a thickening of the tunica albuginea (TA), when compared to controls. Disorganisation of collagen on the TA was also prominent in TGF-ß-injected rats, but not in decorin-treated and control rats. Decorin-treated rats showed significantly higher maximal intracavernosal pressure (MIP) responses to cavernous nerve stimulation, when compared to group 1 (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that decorin antagonises the effects of TGF-ß in the rat model of PD and prevents diminished erectile response to cavernous nerve stimulation.
Assuntos
Decorina/uso terapêutico , Induração Peniana/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Decorina/administração & dosagem , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Estimulação Elétrica , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Ereção Peniana/efeitos dos fármacos , Ereção Peniana/fisiologia , Induração Peniana/patologia , Induração Peniana/fisiopatologia , Pênis/irrigação sanguínea , Pênis/efeitos dos fármacos , Pênis/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/administração & dosagem , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the gonadotoxic effects of diazinon and its mechanism of action with special reference to its possible reactive oxygen species generating potential in rat testis and the protective effect of N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) on the exposure of diazinon. The vehicle was given orally to the control group and NAC, diazinon, combination of NAC and diazinon were given to three treatment groups for 4 weeks. Testis lipid peroxidation levels were higher in diazinon group than in control although lipid peroxidation levels were lower in diazinon + NAC group than in diazinon group. The reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were lower in diazinon group than in control and NAC group although its levels were higher in diazinon + NAC group than in diazinon group. Vitamin C, Vitamin E and ß-carotene concentrations were also lower in diazinon group than in control and NAC groups. Vitamin E and ß-carotene concentrations were higher in diazinon + NAC group than diazinon group. Glutathione peroxidase activity and vitamin A concentrations in the testis did not show any difference between the four groups. In conclusion, we observed that NAC treatment modulated diazinon-induced oxidative injury in the rat testis. These findings suggest that NAC supplementation can be useful in testis oxidative injury caused by the organophosphate insecticides.
Assuntos
Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Diazinon/toxicidade , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Animais , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Interações Medicamentosas , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Testículo/metabolismo , Vitamina A/metabolismo , Vitamina E/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase GPX1RESUMO
We aimed to investigate the long-term effects of microsurgical varicocelectomy on pain improvement and sperm parameters in patients with varicocele-related pain. A total of 72 patients who had undergone microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy because of varicocele with scrotal pain between 2004 and 2009 were included in the study. The patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of pain following surgical treatment. The patients expressing a decrease in frequency and severity of pain or minimal fullness sense were included in the pain-positive group. The mean follow-up period was 54.4 ± 18.06 months. There was left-sided varicocele in 80.3% of patients, while 19.7% had bilateral varicocele. In our study, complete success rate (Visual Analog Scale: 0-1) was found to be 79.2% (57/72), while failure (complete and partial failure) rate was 20.8% (15/72), and a significant difference was found (P < 0.05). Microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy is a reliable approach for clinically varicocele patients with scrotal pain complaints. Regardless of the type of pain, varicocelectomy significantly decreases pain. The success of the treatment is not related to the degree of varicocele.
Assuntos
Dor/etiologia , Escroto/patologia , Espermatozoides , Varicocele/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on testicular toxicity of methotrexate in rats. Nineteen male rats were divided into three groups as follows: group I, control; group II, methotrexate-treated; group III, methotrexate + caffeic acid phenethyl ester-treated. In the second day of experiment, a single dose of methotrexate was intraperitoneally administered to groups II and III, although a daily single dose of caffeic acid phenethyl ester was intraperitoneally administered to group III for 7 days. At the end of the experiment, the testes of the animals were removed and weighed. In the tissue, the level of lipid peroxidation as malondialdehyde and activities of superoxide dismutase were higher in the methotrexate group than in the control group. Lipid peroxidation levels and superoxide dismutase activities were decreased in caffeic acid phenethyl ester + methotrexate group compared with methotrexate group. The activities of catalase in the methotrexate group decreased insignificantly although its activities were significantly increased by caffeic acid phenethyl ester administration. The activity of glutathione peroxidase did not change in the groups. There was significant difference in body weight between control and methotrexate-induced groups. In conclusion, the administration of methotrexate causes elevation of oxidative stress although treatment with caffeic acid phenethyl ester has protective effects on the oxidative stress in testes.
Assuntos
Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacologia , Citotoxinas/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Álcool Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Antagonismo de Drogas , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Malondialdeído , Metotrexato/toxicidade , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Álcool Feniletílico/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Extracorporeal magnetic innervation (ExMI) is a relatively new technology used for pelvic muscle strengthening for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal magnetic stimulation for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 patients with demonstrable stress urinary incontinence were enrolled in this study. All were neurologically normal with normal urinalysis and none was pregnant. Evaluation before treatment included 3-day bladder diaries, a dynamic pad weight test, urodynamics, and a validated quality of life survey. Treatment sessions lasted 20 min, twice a week, for 6 weeks. After ExMI, all measures were repeated at follow-up including 3-day bladder diary, dynamic pad weight test, urodynamics and quality of life survey. The follow-up was done at 3, 12 and 24 months after ExMI therapy but urodynamics were performed only at first follow-up. RESULTS: After ExMI therapy, 8 out of the 27 patients were cured (29.7%) and 13 patients were improved (48.1%) at 3 months. The cumulative success rate was 77.8%. Six patients did not show any improvement after treatment. Pad weight was reduced from 14.4 +/- 10.7 to 6.5 +/- 5.1 g. The mean score of quality of life survey at baseline was 61.6 and this increased to 75.4 at 12 weeks. The effect of ExMI approximately continued until the 1st year after therapy but gradually decreased and came close to baseline at the 2nd year after therapy. CONCLUSION: As a result, ExMI therapy offers a new effective modality for pelvic floor muscle stimulation. ExMI also offers a noninvasive, effective and painless treatment for women with stress urinary incontinence. Further studies are needed to address how long the therapy will continue and benefits will last and whether retreatment or continuation therapy sessions will be necessary.
Assuntos
Magnetoterapia/métodos , Bexiga Urinária/inervação , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/terapia , Urodinâmica , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Androgens play a vital role in erectile function and are known to have a neuroprotective role in the nervous system. This study investigated, in a rat model, the effects of testosterone deprivation and replacement on the morphology of the dorsal nerve of the rat penis at the light microscopy level. Two weeks after castration, male rats were infused with vehicle alone or 44 mug of testosterone for 2 weeks. Age-matched, sham-operated control animals were used for comparisons. Penile tissue samples were removed for histological analyses. The following parameters were assessed: (1) total myelin sheath thickness; (2) density of nerve fibers; and (3) axon cross-sectional area per nerve fiber. Castration resulted in a significant increase in axon cross-sectional area compared to that of the control and testosterone-treated animals (6.97+/-0.59 microm(2) per fiber in control animals to 14.32+/-0.44 microm(2) per fiber in castrated animals). Qualitatively, there were signs of nerve degeneration, particularly myelin sheath degeneration, in all sample groups. We did not observe statistically significant changes in myelin sheath thickness. There was a trend of reduced nerve density. Nerve degeneration was not quantified since this study was performed at the light microscopic level. This study suggests that testosterone has a neuroprotective role in the nerve fibers of the dorsal nerve and testosterone deficiency may lead to different forms of nerve degeneration resulting in anatomic alterations, thus contributing to erectile dysfunction.
Assuntos
Ereção Peniana/fisiologia , Pênis/inervação , Nervos Periféricos/patologia , Testosterona/deficiência , Testosterona/fisiologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Nervos Periféricos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Testosterona/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Sildenafil citrate enhances the action of nitric oxide by preventing the hydrolysis of cGMP, and is widely used to treat erectile dysfunction. We investigated the effects of sildenafil citrate administration on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant redox enzymes in blood of healthy men. METHOD: Thirty healthy male subjects were divided equally into two groups. The first group was used as the control. A single dose of sildenafil citrate was administrated orally to subjects constituting the second group. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 2, 6 and 24 h after intake of the single dose of 100 mg sildenafil citrate or placebo. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The dose of sildenafil citrate resulted in significant increase in the erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and catalase activities at 6 and 24 h. Plasma lipid peroxidation levels decreased slightly. There was no statistical difference in erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity between the placebo and sildenafil citrate groups. CONCLUSION: Treatment of blood with 100 mg sildenafil citrate has protective effects on oxidative stress by inhibiting free radical formation and by supporting antioxidant redox systems.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Fosfodiesterase/farmacologia , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Sulfonas/farmacologia , Adulto , Catalase/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/metabolismo , GMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Purinas/farmacologia , Citrato de Sildenafila , Superóxido Dismutase/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
There have been several studies about the presence of leptin in serum and testicular tissue, and none of them compares the leptin expression in the testicular tissue of fertile and infertile men. We assessed the presence of leptin expression in the testicular tissue of fertile and infertile men. 20 azoospermic infertile men were included in the study. All patients underwent testicular sperm extraction (TESE) for ICSI. For the detection of leptin, the immunohistochemistry was carried out. Intensity of immunohistochemical staining was subjectively estimated and expressed as negative (-), weak positive (+), intermediate positive (++) and strong positive (+++). Testicular tissues of 5 fertile patients, aged 50-60 years, was stained with leptin for control group. Mann-Whitney U test was used as the statistical method. There was no statistically significant difference in leptin staining between infertile patients and control group (p < 0.05). Leptin staining in tubuli seminiferi and Leydig cells were generally equal or Leydig cells were stained (+) much. This difference was not statistically significant. We found that there is leptin staining in Leydig cells and tubuli seminiferi. There is no difference in normal and infertile men for leptin staining properties in testicular tissue. This condition suggests that the effect of leptin on reproductive functions originates from a systemic effect related to central neuroendocrine system, androgen levels or spermatogenic existence rather than its direct effect on testicular tissue.
Assuntos
Leptina/metabolismo , Oligospermia/metabolismo , Testículo/metabolismo , Adulto , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Células Intersticiais do Testículo/metabolismo , Células Intersticiais do Testículo/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oligospermia/patologia , Túbulos Seminíferos/metabolismo , Túbulos Seminíferos/patologia , Testículo/patologiaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible role of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) antibodies (ab) for the prevention of fibrotic effects of priapism in a rat model. In total, 30 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Priapism with 6 h (group 1), priapism with 6 h+ab (group 2), priapism with 24 h (group 3), priapism with 24 h+ab (group 4) and control (group 5). Priapism was induced with a vacuum erection device and a rubber band was placed at the base of the erect penis. At 1 h after the initiation of priapism, TGF-beta1 antibodies were given intracavernosaly. All rats underwent electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve after 8 weeks. Intracavernous and systemic blood pressures were measured during the procedure. Rats in group 1 showed significantly higher (intracavernosal pressure (ICP) pressures to cavernous nerve stimulation and had higher ICP/BP ratios when compared to other groups. Similarly, histopathologic examination revealed less fibrosis in group 2, compared with the other groups. Consequently, TGF-beta1 antibodies antagonise the fibrotic effects of TGF-beta1, especially in cases with duration of priapism less than 6 h.
Assuntos
Anticorpos/administração & dosagem , Isquemia , Pênis/irrigação sanguínea , Pênis/patologia , Priapismo/complicações , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/imunologia , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea , Estimulação Elétrica , Fibrose/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Pênis/inervação , Priapismo/fisiopatologia , Priapismo/terapia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1RESUMO
To evaluate genital and extragenital somatic sensory system in diabetic women using biothesiometry and investigate the relation with sexual dysfunction. A total of 30 diabetic women and 20 normal sexually active women as a control group were evaluated with a detailed medical and sexual history including Index of Female Sexual Function (IFSF) questionnaire. Somatic sensory system of all women enrolled to the study was assessed by biothesiometry and threshold sensory values of nine genital sites and 14 extragenital sites were analyzed. The IFSF score in diabetic women was 23.6 while it was 38.3 in the control group (&<0.0005). For each genital as well as extragenital sites, the mean biothesiometric values were significantly higher in diabetics. The sensation of introitus vagina, labium minora and clitoris were found to be the most deteriorated genital sites in diabetic women. The difference between diabetic women with or without female sexual dysfunction (FSD) was not significant for biothesiometric values. Our data indicate that, somatic sensory system is affected by diabetes however sexual dysfunction does not always manifest.
Assuntos
Complicações do Diabetes , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatologia , Sensação , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/etiologia , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Genitália Feminina/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Limiar Sensorial , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to compare the three different regional anaesthesia methods in patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and to determine the ideal anaesthesia method for TURP operation. METHODS: Totally 77 ASA II-III patients were preloaded with 500 ml 0.9% NaCl solution before regional anaesthesia. In group E (n:27) epidural anaesthesia were achieved by applying 75 mg bupivacaine heavy + 50 microg fentanyl in the L3-L4 intervertebral space. In group SP (n:28) 15 mg bupivacaine heavy + 50 microg fentanyl were used for spinal anaesthesia (L3-L4 intervertebral space) while in group SA (n:30) 10 mg bupivacaine heavy + 50 microg fentanyl were used with saddle blockade. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), serum sodium measurement was recorded before and after hydration and during operation. The motor block and sensory level have been measured. RESULTS: Intraoperative SAP values were more stable than the other groups in group SA. The decrease in HR values were significant 15 minutes after prehydration in three groups (p < 0.05). SpO2 values of the groups were stable during the operation. The time to reach the maximum block was very short in patients in Group SA (p < 0.0001). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of motor block values (p < 0.0001). No fully paralysed sample was seen in Group SA even though there was a sufficient surgical anaesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Saddle block has some advantages compared to spinal and epidural anaesthesia methods such as achieving adequate anaesthesia, stable haemodynami, the lower degree of motor blockage and no full blockage in patients. Saddle block is an the most optimal anaesthesia method for TURP operation.