RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) and inhibitory-Smads (I-Smads) in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients with Stage 3 Grade B periodontitis before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment. BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been stated that Smads play an active role in all conditions where TGF-ß is involved, including periodontal inflammation. METHODS: Twenty healthy participants (control) and 20 patients with Stage 3, Grade B periodontitis were recruited. GCF and saliva samples and clinical periodontal recordings were investigated at the baseline and 1 month after treatment. TGF-ß and I-Smads (Smads 6 and 7) were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Salivary Smad6 and Smad7 levels were significantly lower in the periodontitis group than healthy controls (p < .05), while there was no difference in salivary TGF-ß levels between groups at baseline (p > .05). The total amounts and concentrations of GCF TGF-ß, Smad6, and Smad7 were significantly lower in the periodontitis group than healthy controls at baseline (p < .05), and then decreased in concentration levels with treatment (p < .001). Positive correlations were found between total amounts and concentrations of GCF TGF-ß, Smad6, and Smad7 (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that Smad6 and Smad7 in GCF and saliva decreased in periodontitis and then increased after periodontal treatment. Our study suggests that I-Smads act in parallel with TGF-ß in periodontal inflammation and may have a role in the development of periodontitis.
Assuntos
Líquido do Sulco Gengival , Periodontite , Humanos , Inflamação , Periodontite/terapia , Saliva , Fator de Crescimento Transformador betaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and vitamin D levels in inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: From March to September 2017 at the Izmir Katip Celebi University (IKCU) Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. METHODOLOGY: Eighty-six inactive hepatitis B carriers and 86 control individuals were included in the study. Individuals with diseases or under medication that could affect vitamin D levels were excluded from the study. Serum vitamin D concentration of >30 ng/mL was considered as sufficient, between 20-30 ng/mL as insufficient, <20 ng/mL as deficiency and <10 ng/mL as severe deficiency. VDR gene Bsm I, Fok I, Apa I and Taq I polymorphisms were identified by the polymerase chain reaction-fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS: When vitamin D levels were examined, 52.3% (n = 45) of the inactive HBV carriers had severe deficiency, 38.4% (n = 33) deficiency, 7% (n = 6) insufficiency; 45.3% (n = 39) of the control group had severe deficiency, 43% (n = 37) deficiency, and 7% (n = 6) insufficiency. There was no statistically significant relationship between VDR gene and Bsm I, Fok I, Apa I, Taq I polymorphisms and vitamin D levels in inactive hepatitis B carriers and control group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent both among control population as well as in chronic hepatitis patients. Key Words: Inactive HBV carrier, Vitamin D, Polymorphism, Vitamin D receptor (VDR).
Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite B , Receptores de Calcitriol , Estudos Transversais , Genótipo , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Humanos , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Turquia , Vitamina DRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the levels of semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D), peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients with periodontal disease and patients with healthy periodontium and investigate the effects of periodontal treatment on the levels of these molecules. METHODS: GCF samples were collected from periodontally healthy controls (C group, n = 20), patients with gingivitis (G group, n = 20), and patients with chronic periodontitis (CP group, n = 20). Sampling sites were also divided into bleeding (BP) and non-bleeding (NBP) periodontal pocket groups in CP group. Full-mouth clinical periodontal parameters were also recorded. GCF samplings and clinical records were also repeated at 1 and 3 months after treatment for the CP group. SEMA4D, PAD2, and MMP-8 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The GCF SEMA4D, PAD2, and MMP-8 total amounts were similar in CP and G groups (P Ë 0.05) but significantly greater than the C group (P Ë 0.05). The GCF SEMA4D and PAD2 total amounts in the BP group were significantly greater than the NBP group (P Ë 0.05). GCF MMP-8 total amounts were similar in BP and NBP groups (P Ë 0.05). The GCF SEMA4D, PAD2, and MMP-8 total amounts were significantly reduced at first month after treatment (P Ë 0.05). There were positive correlations between GCF total amount of SEMA4D and all clinical parameters (P Ë 0.01) and also between PAD2 and clinical parameters (P Ë 0.05) except clinical attachment level. There was a positive correlation between GCF total amount of SEMA4D and GCF total amount of MMP-8 (P Ë 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It may be suggested that SEMA4D and PAD2 are related to periodontal disease. Their GCF total amounts may have a diagnostic potential. Additional studies would better clarify their role in periodontal diseases.