Comparison of Anthropometric and Cephalometric Measurements Obtained by Stereophotogrammetry and 3D Computed Tomography of the Nose Before Septorhinoplasty.

INTRODUCTION: Computed tomography (CT) is normally used in evaluation of patients with esthetic and functional nasal deformities. Stereophotogrammetry (SPG) is a measurement device that is an alternative to CT and does not harm human health. In this single-center retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate measurements obtained with CT and SPG. METHODS: The measurements of 18 patients who applied to our clinic between January 2022 and August 2022 and planned for septorhinoplasty were performed on both 3D images obtained with paranasal sinus CT and SPG device (SLR type Vectra H1 system). Measurements included that dorsocolumellar length, columella-filtral length, nasal tip projection ratio (dorsocolumellar length/columella-filtral length), columella-labial angle, nasofrontal angle, tip deviation direction, tip deviation angle, tip deviation distance and dorsal nasal hump. RESULTS: Most of patients were male (61.1%). Mean age was 24.5 years. Only columella-labial angle measurements showed a low level of significant difference (p < 0.05). However, there was no significance difference in other measurements (p > 0.05). A significant strong correlation was observed between all Vectra and CT measurements (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: SPG device can be applied quickly in polyclinic without giving radiation to patient. Measurements can be taken automatically using a software. Its use in postoperative period does not carry any risk. Disadvantage of SPG is lack of information about internal nasal passage. However, there is a strong correlation between measurements obtained from both measurement devices. Therefore, SPG can be considered as an alternative to CT imaging in operation planning. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

A Novel Basic Training Laboratory Model on Live Subjects for Supermicrosurgery: Mouse Femoral Artery, Vein and Nerve.

BACKGROUND: Increasing success rates of supermicrosurgery operations have increased the importance of developing the ideal training model for super-microsurgery. Working on the model is very important for increasing and continuing microsurgery and supermicrosurgery skills. We aimed to present a standardized, simple and easy to access live training model for supermicrosurgery. METHODS: The experiment was performed in the University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, IDEA, Istanbul, Turkey in 2020. Twelve BALB/c male albino mice weighing 20-45 gr were used in the study. Unilateral femoral artery, vein and nerve diameters of mice were measured. Anastomosis was performed on the bilateral femoral vessels. The surgical procedure times were also recorded. RESULTS: The mean weight of the mice was 36.6 ± 6.09 gr, the length was 15.10 ± 1.10 cm. The mean external diameter of the femoral artery, vein and nerves were 0.31 ± 0.34 mm, 0.48 ± 0.70 mm, 0.38 ± 0.43 mm, respectively. The mean preparation time of neurovascular structures for anastomosis was 15.75 ± 1.54 min, mean femoral artery and vein anastomosis time was 24.91±1.72 and 33.16±1.74 min, respectively. Vascular patency was detected as 100% after all vascular anastomosis procedures. CONCLUSION: Mice femoral neurovascular structures are similar to rats in terms of basic morphology, and they are small enough for super-microsurgery education model. Dissection of mice femoral bundles are easy to perform. In terms of training models, anesthetic requirement and laboratory costs are less for mice, and handling them is much easier compared to rats; thus, making them especially suitable for basic supermicrosurgery training courses.

Discussion of Histopathological Findings of 954 Breast Reduction Specimens.

OBJECTIVES: Breast reduction is a frequently sought procedure by patients and one of the most commonly performed operations by plastic surgeons. Follow-up of histopathological results after reduction mammoplasty is very important. This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological results of patients undergoing bilateral reduction mammoplasty to determine the incidence of breast lesions and risk factors of high-risk breast lesions. METHODS: 477 patients who underwent reduction mammoplasty in the plastic surgery department between October 2013 and January 2020 were included in this study. Patients were evaluated according to age, body mass index (BMI), comorbidity factors, tobacco use, family history and histopathological findings. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 42.43±12.05 years. Body mass index ranged from 23 to 34.6. As for comorbidity factors, 12 patients had hypertension, five patients had asthma and six patients had diabetes mellitus. Seventeen patients (3.6%) were smokers, and 25 (5.2%) patients had a family history of breast cancer. Among the patients, 2.3% were 20 years and under, 17.1% were between 21 and 30 years old, 21.5% were between 31 and 40 years old, 33.1% were between 41 and 50 years old, 18.2% were between 51 and 60 years old, and 7.5% were 60 years and above. 85.4% of histopathological findings consisted of normal breast tissue and nonproliferative breast lesion breast lesions. The incidences of proliferative breast lesions, atypical hyperplasia and in situ lesions were calculated as 5.7%, 2% and 0.4%, respectively. The mean follow-up period was 3.8±1.6 years. CONCLUSION: Although preoperative breast cancer screening methods are used before the reduction mammoplasty, high-risk lesions may be encountered afterwards. One of the biggest advantages of reduction mammoplasty in addition to psychophysiological recovery is breast cancer risk reduction.