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1.
Poult Sci ; 95(8): 1858-68, 2016 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26976910

RESUMO

Essential oil of oregano ( OEO: ) has proven to be a potential candidate for controlling chicken coccidiosis. The aim of the current study is to determine whether OEO and an approved anticoccidial, monensin sodium ( MON: ), as in-feed supplements could create a synergism when combined at low dosages. Day-old broiler chickens were separated into six equal groups with six replicate pens of 36 birds. One of the groups was given a basal diet and served as the control ( CNT: ). The remaining groups received the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg MON, 50 mg/kg MON, 24 mg/kg OEO, 12 mg/kg OEO, or 50 mg/kg MON + 12 mg/kg OEO. All of the chickens were challenged with field-type mixed Eimeria species at 12 d of age. Following the infection (i.e., d 13 to 42), the greatest growth gains and lowest feed conversion ratio values were recorded for the group of birds fed 100 mg/kg MON (P < 0.05), whereas results for the CNT treatment were inferior. Dietary OEO supplementations could not support growth to a level comparable with the MON (100 mg/kg). The MON programs were more efficacious in reducing fecal oocyst numbers compared to CNT and OEO treatments (P < 0.05). Serum malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentrations were decreased (P < 0.01), whereas superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05) and total antioxidant status (P < 0.01) were increased in response to dietary medication with MON and OEO. All MON and OEO treatments conferred intestinal health benefits to chickens by improving their morphological development and enzymatic activities. The results suggest that OEO supported the intestinal absorptive capacity and antioxidant defense system during Eimeria infection; however, it displayed little direct activity on the reproductive capacity of Eimeria This might be the reason for inferior compensatory growth potential of OEO compared to that MON following the challenge. Combination MON with OEO was not considered to show promise for controlling chicken coccidiosis because of the lack of a synergistic or additive effect.


Assuntos
Galinhas/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Coccidiostáticos/farmacologia , Monensin/farmacologia , Origanum , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Animais , Coccidiose/tratamento farmacológico , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/prevenção & controle , Coccidiostáticos/administração & dosagem , Quimioterapia Combinada/veterinária , Eimeria/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Masculino , Monensin/administração & dosagem , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/parasitologia
2.
Poult Sci ; 93(2): 389-99, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24570461

RESUMO

The efficacies of 5 widely used dietary supplements were investigated on performance indices, fecal oocyst excretion, lesion score, and intestinal tract measurements in healthy and Eimeria spp.-infected birds by using a comparative model. This study included 2,400 sexed Ross 308 broiler chicks that were equally divided in 2 groups: the infected group, experimentally infected with oocysts of mixed Eimeria spp. at 14 d of age, and the healthy controls. The birds in both groups were further divided equally into 6 groups, of which one was fed a basal diet and served as control without treatment and the other 5 served as experimental treatments. These 5 groups were fed 5 diets containing preparations of 60 mg/kg of anticoccidial salinomycin (SAL), 1 g/kg of multienzyme (ENZ), 1 g/kg of probiotic (PRO), 1 g/kg of prebiotic (PRE), and 40 mg/kg of an herbal essential oil mixture (EOM). Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed significant improvement in the infected animals, which indicates that dietary supplemental regimens with SAL, ENZ, PRO, and PRE initiated in 1-d-old chicks reduced adverse effects after challenge with coccidiosis; however, chicks that were administered EOM failed to show such improvement. Uninfected chickens showed significant improvement in FCR with supplements SAL, PRE, and EOM, which signifies significant (P < 0.01) infection by supplement interactions for BW gain and FCR. In the infected group, all of the supplements reduced the severity of coccidiosis lesions (P < 0.01) induced by mixed Eimeria spp. through the middle and lower regions of the small intestines, whereas supplementation with SAL or EOM alone was effective (P < 0.01) in reducing oocyst excretion compared with the control treatment. The data indicated that use of these subtherapeutically efficacious supplements (except EOM) in broiler production can lessen the depression in growth due to coccidial challenge.


Assuntos
Galinhas , Coccidiose/veterinária , Coccidiostáticos/farmacologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/tratamento farmacológico , Piranos/farmacologia , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Coccidiose/tratamento farmacológico , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiostáticos/administração & dosagem , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Eimeria/fisiologia , Enzimas/administração & dosagem , Enzimas/farmacologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Intestinos/parasitologia , Intestinos/patologia , Ionóforos/administração & dosagem , Ionóforos/farmacologia , Masculino , Óleos Voláteis/administração & dosagem , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Oocistos/fisiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/parasitologia , Prebióticos/análise , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/farmacologia , Piranos/administração & dosagem , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos
4.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 57(1-2): 63-5, 2010 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20537107

RESUMO

Vector-borne diseases are rising in interest due to global warming, which is believed to impact on the distribution of vectors into new areas thus influencing the occurrence and epidemiology of vector-borne pathogens. Babesia canis belongs to the Piroplasmidae and there are three described subspecies, namely B. canis canis, B. canis rossi and B. canis vogeli. They are each transmitted by a different tick-species, Dermacentor reticulatus, Haemaphysalis leachi and Rhipicephalus sanguineus, respectively. There are also differences in the geographical distribution and pathogenicity to dogs of each subspecies. In this study, we aimed to establish a rapid and easy to perform DNA-based test using loop-mediated isothermal amplification to detect all three Babesia canis subspecies in one assay.


Assuntos
Babesia/classificação , Babesia/isolamento & purificação , Babesiose/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico/veterinária , Animais , Babesiose/diagnóstico , Babesiose/parasitologia , Cães , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
5.
Parasitol Res ; 102(3): 551-3, 2008 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18074152

RESUMO

A passive surveillance for tick bites in humans was undertaken in the city of Istanbul (Turkey) in the summer and autumn of 2006. From 1,054 reported tick bites, most were females of Ixodes ricinus (27%) and nymphs of Hyalomma aegyptium (50%). A few adults of Hyalomma m. marginatum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Dermacentor marginatus were also recorded. We investigated potential risk factors for I. ricinus and H. aegyptium with spatial statistics. Climate features at 1-km resolution (monthly minimum temperatures in late summer and autumn and rainfall) and vegetation features at high resolution (density and heterogeneity of forest-type vegetation as well as distance of reporting site to these vegetation features) are useful variables explaining high reporting clusters for both Ixodes and Hyalomma. While Ixodes is highly reported in dense highly heterogeneous vegetation patches, Hyalomma is commonly found in areas far from forest-type features and in the small, relatively dry vegetation patches within the urban fabric.


Assuntos
Mordeduras e Picadas/epidemiologia , Carrapatos , Animais , Argasidae , Dermacentor , Humanos , Ixodidae , Rhipicephalus , Turquia/epidemiologia , População Urbana
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