Symptomatic orbital metastasis as an initial presentation of adenocarcinoma lung: A case report and review of literature.

ABSTRACT: Orbital metastasis is a rare entity in oncology. With increasing awareness and advancement, patients with initial ocular presentation can be diagnosed and treated. Ocular metastasis is more common in breast cancer followed by lung cancer. Lung cancer with ocular presentation generally have poor prognosis because of difficult diagnosis, Vision impairment and delayed management. Here, we report one such case of 59 year old female presented with painful periorbital swelling in left eye for 3 months with no pulmonary symptoms. On evaluation, she was diagnosed as ocular metastasis with primary being lung adenocarcinoma. Through this case, we enlighten the epidemiology, presentation, clinical features and evaluation of such patients which might help clinicians in further management.

A general solution for electromechanical analysis of electroelastic composite plates with arbitrary holes.

Stroh formalism provides an elegant method of solution for two-dimensional anisotropic elasticity problems through the generalized eigen relation associated with the dual coordinate system that gives the material eigen values and eigen vectors, and also the fundamental elasticity matrix and its associated Barnett-Lothe tensors. The extended Stroh-like formalism of Hwu and Hsieh has expanded the scope of basic Stroh formalism by addressing the electro-mechanical coupling effects in electro elastic plates. This paper presents an inclusive solution that addresses the two-dimensional problems in infinite electro-elastic, anisotropic, and isotropic plates with an arbitrary hole under remote arbitrary coupled electro-mechanical loading. This is achieved by adopting the Stroh formalism and its subsequent versions to consider the anisotropic and electro-elastic plates, and further, by incorporating the arbitrary biaxial loading condition into the boundary conditions, and the generalized mapping function into the basic formulation to accommodate all types of in plane loading and a variety of hole shapes respectively. Various equations of the solution are derived explicitly for easy understanding and computer implementation. The stress function is derived explicitly to satisfy the condition of traction free hole with remote electro-mechanical loading under generalized plane stress-open circuit condition. The stresses and electric displacements around the hole boundary are obtained by taking the derivative of the stress function with respect to unit normal along the hole boundary. The solution presented can be degenerated to the anisotropic or isotropic case by choosing the corresponding material properties, or appropriate values of complex parameters respectively. This general solution has exactly reproduced the results of other solutions in the literature for piezoelectric plates given by different methods. New results of stresses and electric displacements are obtained for various arbitrary holes in [PZT5H/45/-45/PZT5H]s graphite/epoxy plate and PZT 4 plates. Results for holes in piezoelectric laminates and PZT 4 piezo layer are also presented by FEM.

Clinical Profile and Outcome of Adult Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Real World Single Centre Experience.

Hodgkin's lymphoma treatment outcomes have been the true success story of modern medicine. Various data from western as well as Indian studies are available for classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL). Here we report treatment outcomes from a tertiary cancer care centre in Karnataka over a 5 year period. This was a retrospective review of cHL cases aged 15 years and above diagnosed between January 2015 and December 2019 at Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The case files of the patients were retrieved and relevant data was collected. Two hundred patients of cHL were included in this study. Median age was 28 years with male to female ratio of 1.56:1. B symptoms were present in 58% cases. Mixed cellularity (46.5%) was the most common histological subtype. Majority patients had advanced stage at presentation (stage III/IV) (62.5%). Extranodal disease was present in 19.5% cases. GHSG early-favourable cases were 15.5%, early-unfavourable cases were 22.0%, while 62.5% were advanced cases. The most common chemotherapy regimen used was ABVD. Eighty-three (41.5%) patients received radiation therapy. Median follow-up was 34.2 months (range 4.1-67.8). The rates for complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) were 84.5%, 8.5%, 5.0% and 2.0% respectively. PFS and OS rate at 6 years were 69.5% and 84.1% respectively. HL is one of the malignancies with high cure rate. The treatment outcome at our centre is comparable to western data and data from other tertiary centres from India.

Neurological insights into brain-targeted cancer therapy and bioinspired microrobots.

Cancer, a multifaceted and pernicious disease, continuously challenges medicine, requiring innovative treatments. Brain cancers pose unique and daunting challenges due to the intricacies of the central nervous system and the blood-brain barrier. In this era of precision medicine, the convergence of neurology, oncology, and cutting-edge technology has given birth to a promising avenue - targeted cancer therapy. Furthermore, bioinspired microrobots have emerged as an ingenious approach to drug delivery, enabling precision and control in cancer treatment. This Keynote review explores the intricate web of neurological insights into brain-targeted cancer therapy and the paradigm-shifting world of bioinspired microrobots. It serves as a critical and comprehensive overview of these evolving fields, aiming to underscore their integration and potential for revolutionary cancer treatments.

Rapid metabolic regulation of a novel arginine methylation of KCa3.1 attenuates T cell exhaustion.

T cell exhaustion is linked to persistent antigen exposure and perturbed activation events, correlating with poor disease prognosis. Tumor-mediated T cell exhaustion is well documented; however, how the nutrient-deprived tumor niche affects T cell receptor (TCR) activation is largely unclear. We show that methionine metabolism licenses optimal TCR signaling by regulating the protein arginine methylome, and limiting methionine availability during early TCR signaling promotes subsequent T cell exhaustion. We discovered a novel arginine methylation of a Ca 2+ -activated potassium transporter, KCa3.1, prevention of which results in increased Ca 2+ -mediated NFAT1 activation, NFAT1 promoter occupancy, and T cell exhaustion. Furthermore, methionine supplementation reduces nuclear NFAT1 in tumor-infiltrating T cells and augments their anti-tumor activity. These findings demonstrate metabolic regulation of T cell exhaustion determined during TCR engagement.

Exploring GPCR signaling pathway networks as cancer therapeutic targets.

GPCR signaling can contribute to establishing the tumor microenvironment and influence the progression and metabolism of tumors. Arora et al.1 describe a systems-level approach to investigate the patterns of co-expression of GPCR signaling pathway networks across diverse tumors and identify network components that correlate with patient-survival data across different cancer types.

Intrinsic disorder: A term to define the specific physicochemical characteristic of protein conformational heterogeneity.

In his commentary in this issue of Molecular Cell,1 Struhl reasons that the term "intrinsically disordered regions" represents a vague and confusing concept for protein function. However, the term "intrinsically disordered" highlights the important physicochemical characteristic of conformational heterogeneity. Thus, "intrinsically disordered" is the counterpart to the term "folded, " with neither term having specific functional implications.

Mechanistic insights into the potential role of dietary polyphenols and their nanoformulation in the management of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory loss and a progressive decline in cognitive activity. The two major pathophysiological factors responsible for AD are amyloid plaques (comprising amyloid-beta aggregates) and neurofibrillary tangles (consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein). Polyphenols, a class of naturally occurring compounds, are immensely beneficial for the treatment or management of various disorders and illnesses. Naturally occurring sources of polyphenols include plants and plant-based foods, such as fruits, herbs, tea, vegetables, coffee, red wine, and dark chocolate. Polyphenols have unique properties, such as being the major source of anti-oxidants and possessing anti-aging and anti-cancerous properties. Currently, dietary polyphenols have become a potential therapeutic approach for the management of AD, depending on various research findings. Dietary polyphenols can be an effective strategy to tackle multifactorial events that occur with AD. For instance, naturally occurring polyphenols have been reported to exhibit neuroprotection by modulating the Aß biogenesis pathway in AD. Many nanoformulations have been established to enhance the bioavailability of polyphenols, with nanonization being the most promising. This review comprehensively provides mechanistic insights into the neuroprotective potential of dietary polyphenols in treating AD. It also reviews the usability of dietary polyphenol as nanoformulation for AD treatment.