Pyosalpinx and hydrosalpinx in virginal adolescents: report of two cases / Piosálpinx e hidrosálpinx en adolescentes vírgenes: reporte de dos casos

Pyosalpinx and hydrosalpinx are conditions mainly seen in adult women, but also among sexually active adolescents and can bring added hazard to fertility. However, these conditions are very rare in childhood, as well as in adolescent girls who are not sexually active. We are presenting two rare cases of young girls in early puberty with hydrosalpinx and pyosalpinx. Both girls had a history of abdominopelvic surgery in childhood for congenital bowel anomalies and fecal incontinence. Such cases are good reminders that girls with known abdominopelvic anomalies and surgical procedures in childhood need long term followup, in particular when entering puberty and maturation. The two cases show how fallopian tubes can be indirectly affected and present in adolescence with serious problems needing surgical procedures and potentially threatening future reproductive system performances.

El piosálpinx y el hidrosálpinx son condiciones vistas principalmente en mujeres adultas, pero también entre las adolescentes sexualmente activas, y pueden acarrear riesgos a la fertilidad. Sin embargo, estas condiciones son muy raras en la infancia, así como en las niñas adolescentes que no están sexualmente activas. Presentamos dos casos raros de jovencitas en la pubertad temprana con hidrosálpinx y piosálpinx. Ambas adolescentes tenían antecedentes de cirugía abdominopélvica en la infancia a causa de anomalías congénitas del intestino e incontinencia fecal. Tales casos son buenos recordatorios de que las muchachas con anomalías y procedimientos quirúrgicos abdominopélvicos en la niñez, necesitan seguimiento a largo plazo, en particular al entrar en la pubertad y la madurez. Los dos casos muestran cómo las trompas de Falopio pueden ser indirectamente afectadas, y presentarse en la adolescencia con graves problemas que necesitan procedimientos quirúrgicos y operaciones que constituyen una amenaza potencial al sistema reproductor.

Obstructive jaundice resulted from hydatid cyst of pancreatic head.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Compression of the common bile duct by a hydatid cyst located at the head of the pancreas is one of the quite rare causes of obstructive jaundice in childhood. CASE REPORT: We report a 9-year-old child with obstructive jaundice caused by compression of the intrapancreatic portion of the bile duct by a hydatid cyst located at the pancreatic head. Furthermore, we considered that this is a reportable case in aspect of childhood development. The patient was treated successfully by surgical procedure and albendazole chemoprophylaxis. The postoperative course was uneventful. CONCLUSION: In endemic areas, hydatid cysts should be considered among the differential diagnosis in cystic lesions of any organ including the pancreas.

Twenty-Four Genes are Upregulated in Patients with Hypospadias.

Hypospadias is a congenital hypoplasia of the penis, with displacement of the urethral opening along the ventral surface, and has been reported to be one of the most common congenital anomalies, occurring in approximately 1:250 to 1:300 live births. As hypospadias is reported to be an easily diagnosed malformation at the crossroads of genetics and environment, it is important to study the genetic component in order to elucidate its etiology. In this study, the gene expression profiles both in human hypospadias tissues and normal penile tissues were studied by Human Gene Expression Array. Twenty-four genes were found to be upregulated. Among these, ATF3 and CYR61 have been reported previously. Other genes that have not been previously reported were also found to be upregulated: BTG2, CD69, CD9, DUSP1, EGR1, EIF4A1, FOS, FOSB, HBEGF, HNRNPUL1, IER2, JUN, JUNB, KLF2, NR4A1, NR4A2, PTGS2, RGS1, RTN4, SLC25A25, SOCS3 and ZFP36 (p <0.05). Further studies including genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with expression studies in a large patient group will help us for identifiying the candidate gene(s) in the etiology of hypospadias.