Evaluation of a new mouthwash formulated with Chlorhexidine and Cymenol after a scaling and root planing treatment in grade I and II periodontal patients.

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of multifactorial origin that affects the supporting tissues of the tooth. According to WHO in 2022, severe periodontal disease will affect around 19% of the adult population worldwide. Its risk factors include the presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria in biofilm and the susceptibility of the host's immune system, among others. Preterm birth is defined as birth occurring before 37 weeks of gestational age. It also has a multifactorial origin and it's associated with risk factors such as intrauterine and extrauterine infections. There is a possibility that periodontal disease in pregnant women increases the risk of preterm birth through hematogenous pathways or the presence and intervention of inflammatory mediators. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Through a systematic review of existing scientific articles from 2014 to 2024, five randomized clinical trials were selected, including a total of 1984 pregnant patients diagnosed with periodontal disease. Half of these patients received non-surgical treatment, while the other half did not, aiming to evaluate a possible association between periodontal disease and/or its treatment and the occurrence of preterm birth. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane "RoB 2" tool, and finally, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare the results obtained in the selected studies. RESULTS: Four articles showed a trend favoring non-surgical periodontal treatment as a preventive measure for preterm birth. These articles accounted for 92.2% of the total weight, while the remaining 7.85% corresponded to the single article that did not favor the treatment. However, none of the articles showed statistically significant results. CONCLUSIONS: There is no demonstrated association between periodontal disease in pregnant women and the incidence of preterm birth. On the other hand, there is a slightly favorable trend towards non-surgical periodontal treatment during pregnancy as a measure to reduce the incidence of preterm birth, but it's not statistically significant. To obtain a definitive answer, more randomized clinical trials following similar study and design parameters are needed.

Clinical practice guideline of the Spanish society of oral surgery for dental care in patients with oral cancer.

BACKGROUND: Oral cancer is the sixteenth most common malignant neoplasm worldwide, with a high mortality rate, greater than 50% at five years, and high morbidity. The effect of oncological treatment in the oral cavity is broad and has multiple levels, therefore knowing these effects and preventing them is essential for avoiding an increase in the oral pathology related with oncological therapy, maintaining the quality of life of the patient, and improving the efficacy of the treatment itself. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A group of experts belonging to the fields of Dentistry, Maxillofacial Surgery and Oncology of the University of Seville and the Virgen del Rocío University Hospital of Seville in collaboration with the University of Valencia, University of Barcelona, and University of the Basque Country, developed this Clinical Practice Guideline for the proper clinical management of patients diagnosed with oral cancer. The clinical questions were formulated in PICO format. The databases consulted were Medline/PubMed and Embase/Elsevier. The systematic reviews published on the topic were identified on Tripdatabase, Cochrane Library and CRD (Centre for Reviews and Dissemination). The recommendations were prepared based on the GRADE methodology. RESULTS: Various recommendations were defined, derived from the 21 PICO questions, referring to prevention, treatment and care for alterations arising from the pathology of oral cancer itself and its treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The preparation of this clinical practice guideline allows recommendations to be generated based on the scientific evidence available, on dentistry actions in patients with oral cancer and undergoing oncological treatment, which may be of use to the multidisciplinary team treating this type of patient.

Differential Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes in Down Syndrome Patients with or without Periodontal Disease.

AIM: Aware that Down Syndrome patients present among their clinical characteristics impaired immunity, the aim of this study is to identify the statistically significant differences in inflammation-related gene expression by comparing Down Syndrome patients with Periodontal Disease (DS+PD+) with Down Syndrome patients without Periodontal Disease (DS+PD-), and their relationship with periodontitis as a chronic oral inflammatory clinical feature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case study and controls on eleven Down Syndrome patients (DS+PD+ vs. DS+PD-). RNA was extracted from peripheral blood using a Qiagen PAXgene Blood miRNA Kit when performing an oral examination. A search for candidate genes (92 selected) was undertaken on the total genes obtained using a Scientific GeneChip® Scanner 3000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and Clariom S solutions for human, mouse, and rat chips, with more than 20,000 genes annotated for measuring expression levels. RESULTS: Of the 92 inflammation-related genes taken initially, four genes showed a differential expression across both groups with a p value of <0.05 from the data obtained using RNA processing of the patient sample. Said genes were TNFSF13B (p = 0.0448), ITGB2 (p = 0.0033), ANXA3 (p = 0.0479), and ANXA5 (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in inflammation-related gene expression in Down Syndrome patients when comparing patients who present a state of chronic oral inflammation with patients with negative rates of periodontal disease.