Coimmobilized enzymes as versatile biocatalytic tools for biomass valorization and remediation of environmental contaminants - A review.

Due to stringent regulatory norms, waste processing faces confrontations and challenges in adapting technology for effective management through a convenient and economical system. At the global level, attempts are underway to achieve a green and sustainable treatment for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass as well as organic contaminants in wastewater. Enzymatic treatment in the environmental aspect thrived on being the promising rapid strategy that appeased the aforementioned predicament. On that account, coimmobilization of various enzymes on single support enhances the catalytic activity ensuing operational stability with industrial applications. This review pivoted towards the coimmobilization of enzymes on diverse supports and their applications in biomass conversion to industrial value-added products and removal of contaminants in wastewater. The limelight of this study chronicles the unique breakthroughs in biotechnology for the production of reusable biocatalysts, which inculcating various enzymes towards the scope of environment application.

Squash cytology of a case of medulloblastoma with myogenic differentiation.

Medulloblastoma with myogenic differentiation is not a distinct entity but a pattern of differentiation seen in <1% of medulloblastomas. Although squash cytology of medulloblastoma is well described, there are no reports available describing squash cytomorphology of this unusual variant of medulloblastoma. Intraoperative squash smears on a 2-year-old girl with a midline posterior fossa space occupying lesion revealed features of an embryonal tumor composed of small, round, and blue cells. In addition, it had several large, round, eosinophilic rhabomyoblasts, and a few strap cells scattered among the sea of small blue cells. Subsequent histology showed features of a medulloblastoma, classic type with myogenic differentiation. Molecular subtyping, based on immunohistochemistry alone, was in keeping with a non-Wnt/non-SHH activated type. Here we describe the squash cytomorphological details of a case of medulloblastoma with myogenic differentiation, along with its cytological differentials.