[Features of innate immunity indicators in patients with recurrent exudative otitis media]. / Osobennosti pokazatelei vrozhdennogo immuniteta u patsientov s retsidiviruyushchim ekssudativnym srednim otitom.

The article presents the features of the indicators of the innate immune response (TLR4, IL1B, TGFB, HBD1, and HBD2) in the exudate of the tympanic cavity in patients with recurrent exudative otitis media (EOM) with normal patency of the auditory tube and its dysfunction. The results of the study demonstrate changes in the indices of the innate immune response characteristic of the inflammatory process in patients with recurrent EOM against the background of dysfunction of the auditory tube in comparison with the group where it is absent. The data obtained can be used to clarify the pathogenesis of otitis media with dysfunction of the auditory tube, to develop new methods of diagnosis, prevention and therapy.

[The association between aeroallergenic structures and allergic rhinitis: a study on northern Vietnam]. / Assotsiatsiya mezhdu strukturami aeroallergenov i allergicheskim rinitom: issledovanie o severe V'etnama.

Recently, there has been an increase in the number of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and the number of publications devoted to this problem is increasing. The main etiological factors of AR are pollen of trees, meadow and weeds, as well as mold spores, household allergens and epidermis of animals. Epidemiological studies have found that the prevalence and structure of AR are influenced by regional characteristics, such as the climatic and geographical and social characteristics of the region, and successively therapeutic and preventive algorithms in AR are also different. AIM: To examine the phenotype of the incidence of AR in connection with the characteristics of aeroallergens under the influence of climatic and geographical conditions in northern Vietnam, to make a new contribution to knowledge about AR in Asia and to increase the effect of treatment and prevention in this territory. MATERIALS AND RESEARCH METHODS: The study was conducted in the period from 06.2018 to 09.2018 on the basis of the ENT department of Thainguyen Central Hospital, Vietnam. A total of 556 patients with pathology of ENT organs aged 18 to 70 years were examined, 158 cases of chronic rhinitis were revealed. Among data from 158 patients, 64 patients were diagnosed with AR. We used otorhinolaryngological examination, a standard specific allergological examination and carried out aeropolyneological research in the city of the northern Vietnam, from 06.2018 to 06.2019. RESULT: The aerobiological spectrum is dominated by pollen from the families Moraceae, Urticaceae, Poaceae, Acacia, Artemisia, fern spores and fungal spores from the genus Alternaria. Among patients with chronic rhinitis, 40% were diagnosed with AR, 98.44% of them year-round or perennial AR, with predominant sensitization to house dust mites and molds, much more often to plant pollen. Among 9 (14.06%) patients diagnosed with a polyp of the nasal cavity, 6 (9.37%) patients had increased levels of specific IgE in the blood to a mixture of molds. Sensitization in patients with AR with hypertrophy of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity is predominant on house dust. CONCLUSION: Predominantly, AR in northern Vietnam was year-round. Especially the connection between the formation of a polyp of the nasal cavity and hypersensitivity to fungal spores has been indicated, which may also indicate the role of social factors in further recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of AR in patients living in North Vietnam.

[Eustachian tube drug delivery to the tympanum in patients with otitis media with effusion]. / Otsenka transtubarnoi dostavki lekarstvennykh preparatov v barabannuyu polost' pri ekssudativnom srednem otite.

There are no reliable data on the volume of the drug reaching the affected tympanic cavity during the catheterization of Eustachian tube (ET). Objective: to conduct an experiment and to study the effectiveness of administering a drug into the tympanic cavity of the middle ear using an original ear catheter, which allows catheterization of ET in the direction of its lumen. The study included patients with unilateral OME (n=21, the duration of the disease from 2 to 3 months), who were recommended for the ventilation tube insertion. The main inclusion criterion was 3 degree of patency of the ET. The experiment was performed under endotracheal anesthesia. ET was catheterized before insertion of the ventilation tube, with a 0.9% saline in a volume of 7 ml, which was previously tinted with Brilliant Green. A syringe with a contrast solution was connected to an ear catheter and the drug was injected into the middle ear by the air-liquid substitution method. Otoscopically evaluated the following parameters: the volume of the injected drug (in ml) for the initial (V1), partial (V2) and complete filling of the tympanic cavity (V3). As a result, it was found that 18 patients (85.7%) achieved full or partial filling of the tympanic cavity with a stained preparation: V1=2.25 ml, V2=7.0 ml in 11 (52.4%) patients, V3=4.29 ml - in 7 (33.3%) patients. In this case, the minimum loss of the liquid form of the drug during CT catheterization is 1:2. In 3 (14.3%) patients there were no endoscopic signs of contrasting of the tympanic cavity.

[ENT care in the context of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19]. / Aktual'nye voprosy okazaniya spetsializirovannoi lor-pomoshchi v usloviyakh novoi koronavirusnoi infektsii COVID-19.

The spread of the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 inevitably makes adjustments to the medical care. Given that the main route of transmission is airborne, otorhinolaryngologists are at increased risk of infection. Based on the literature data of leading otorhinolaryngologists, as well as their own experience working with patients with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, the authors present relevant recommendations on the organization of specialized otorhinolaryngological care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors consider the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of COVID-19. The features of the examination of ENT, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, including the use of silicone hydrotamps to stop the front and rear nose bleeds, developed in L.I. Sverzhevskiy OHRIM, and indications for hospitalization in the ENT hospital. Features of operations on the otorhinolaryngological profile during a COVID pandemic are also described. Summing up, the authors indicate that during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, otorhinolaryngologists need to adhere to two fundamental principles aimed at preventing the spread of infection: the use of modern effective personal protective equipment and the use of examination methods (surgical treatment methods) that prevent the formation of biological aerosols.

[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis associated with the cytoplasmic antineutrophil antibodies]. / Granulematoz s poliangiitom, assotsiirovannyi s antineitrofil'nymi tsitoplazmaticheskimi antitelami.

The objective of the present work was to analyze the clinical case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis associated with the presence of cytoplasmic antineutrophil antibodies. We considered the medical records of the patient presenting with this condition. It was shown that systemic vasculitis had a polymorphic clinical picture; its diagnostics and treatment encountered serious difficulties. It is concluded that the development of progressive perforation of the nasal septum and destructive changes in the intranasal and adjacent structures after the endonasal surgical intervention implies the necessity of the detailed analysis of the clinical and laboratory observations with the subsequent counselling by a rheumatologist and oncologist for the clarification of the diagnosis and the choice of adequate therapy.

[The role of cellular mediators in the development of the phenomenon of inhibition induced by barium sulfate luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of blood under the influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with intolerance to these drugs].

We investigated contribution mediator mechanism in the development of the phenomenon of inhibition induced by barium sulfate luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (SLCHL) of blood under the influence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients with intolerance to these drugs. It was found that the phenomenon of suppression SLCHL blood under the influence of NSAIDs in patients with intolerance is mediated by the participation of mediators, and the contribution of H1--and H2--histamine receptors, 5-HT2 serotonin receptors and Cys-leukotriene receptors in the development of that phenomenon depends on the chemical nature of NSAIDs and the clinical manifestations of intolerance.

[Possibility of diagnostics of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs intolerance with a change in the chemiluminescent glow of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes of the peripheral blood].

We investigated the intensity of barium sulfate stimulated luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (SLCL) of pre-incubated blood with various concentrations of sodium salicylate, sodium metamizol or sodium diclofenac. Blood was received from healthy donors and patients with intolerance to aspirin and/or sodium metamizol and/or sodium diclofenac. Revealed valid differences in SLCL of blood received from healthy donors and patients with intolerance to these drugs allows us to use chemiluminescence method for the diagnosis of intolerance to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

[Immunomorphological features of chronic tonsillitis].

The objective of the present work was to overview current concepts of immunology and pathological morphology of chronic tonsillitis. Morphological aspects of embryological development of palatine tonsils are discussed in conjunction with their participation in the formation of the immune response. Morphological and immunological peculiarities of the pathological process in chronic tonsillitis are described. It is concluded that otorhinolaryngologists must in due time identify indications for radical surgical sanitation of the pockets of chronic infection by means of bilateral tonsillectomy.

[Lomuzol in the treatment of allergic rhinitis]. / Lomuzol v lechenii allergicheskikh rinitov.

The response to lomuzol was registered in 37 out of 39 patients with allergic rhinitis given lomuzol. In 16 patients the response was complete, in 14 partial, in 7 satisfactory. In 6 patients of placebo no effect was recorded. The drug proved uneffective in hypertrophy of the turbinate bones.

[The effect of theophylline on purine receptor function in bronchial asthma patients]. / Vliianie teofillina na sostoianie purinovykh retseptorov u bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi.

A study was made of purine receptors (PR) in healthy subjects and bronchial asthma (BA) patients before and after theophylline (TP) treatment. BA patients demonstrated a significant lowering of the binding sites of A2PR and a tendency toward the rise of the number of A1PR on peripheral blood lymphocytes as compared to the healthy subjects. As a result of TP therapy for 3 weeks, the number of A2PR increased in 69% and the number of A1PR fell in 50% of the patients. The efficacy of TP pharmacotherapy depended significantly on the increment of the binding sites of A2PR. The growth of the number of A2PR was recorded in the groups of patients with a beneficial and satisfactory effect of the treatment.