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5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 92(1): 97-100, Jan.-Feb. 1997. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-182864

RESUMO

Simian rotavirus SA-11, experimentally seede, was recovered from raw domestic sewage by a two-step concentration procedure, using filtration through a positively charged microporous filter (Zeta Plus 60 S) followed by ultracentrifugation, effecting an 8000-fold concentration. By this method, a mean recovery of 81 per centñ7.5 of the SA-11 virus was achieved.


Assuntos
Rotavirus , Águas Residuárias/análise , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas
6.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 92(1): 97-100, 1997.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9302419

RESUMO

Simian rotavirus SA-11 experimentally seeded, was recovered from raw domestic sewage by a two-step concentration procedure, using filtration through a positively charged microporous filter (Zeta Plus 60 S) followed by ultracentrifugation, effecting an 8,000-fold concentration. By this method, a mean recovery of 81% +/- 7.5 of the SA-11 virus, was achieved.


Assuntos
Infecções por Rotavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Rotavirus/prevenção & controle , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Esgotos/virologia , Microbiologia da Água , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Água Doce , Virologia/métodos
7.
J Virol Methods ; 52(3): 265-72, 1995 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7601902

RESUMO

An improved staphylococcal coagglutination test was developed for rapid detection, in a single assay, of rotavirus and adenovirus in stool samples (COARA). Suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus coated respectively with anti-rotavirus and anti-adenovirus sera were used to identify these viruses in 327 stool samples of children. The samples were also tested by an enzyme immunoassay. The data analysis has demonstrated a high degree of correlation between the two assays.


Assuntos
Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Aglutinação/métodos , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus , Adenoviridae/imunologia , Adenoviridae/metabolismo , Animais , Fezes/virologia , Cobaias , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Lactente , Coelhos , Ratos , Rotavirus/imunologia , Rotavirus/metabolismo , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
8.
J Med Virol ; 45(2): 127-34, 1995 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7775929

RESUMO

In a prospective one-year study of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children less than 2 years of age, in São Paulo (Brazil), adenoviruses were detected by specific enzyme immunoassay (El-ARA) in 7 of 67 (10%) ill children and in 9 of 79 (11.4%) controls. They were the sole recognizable agent of diarrhea in 6 ill children. In another child these viruses were detected in a dual infection with astrovirus. Enteric adenoviruses (Ad40/41) were the most common serotypes detected in children with diarrhea (3/7) and Ad7 the serotype most detected in the controls (5/9), associated with lower respiratory tract infection. Thirteen adenovirus strains, isolated in HEp2 or HEK-293 cells, were characterized by seroneutralization and restriction enzyme analysis. The established adenoviruses were typed as AV-7-D5 (five associated to lower respiratory tract infection and one to diarrhea), AV-1-D10 (one diarrhea case), AV-31-D2 (two controls with respiratory infection), and two isolates as AV-12-D7, a new genome type. One subgenus D isolate, serotype 28, with restriction patterns different from those of the prototype, remained untyped. Only one enteric adenovirus could be typed. The restriction patterns of this isolated were similar to those of the prototype AV-41-D1. The genome type of the other three enteric adenoviruses could not be determined.


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/virologia , Adenovírus Humanos/genética , Adenovírus Humanos/isolamento & purificação , Gastroenterite/virologia , Genoma Viral , Doença Aguda , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/epidemiologia , Adenovírus Humanos/classificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Enzimas de Restrição do DNA , DNA Viral/genética , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/microbiologia , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Prospectivos , Sorotipagem
9.
Bull Pan Am Health Organ ; 27(3): 224-33, 1993.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8220517

RESUMO

In 1984 an enzyme immunoassay for rotavirus and adenovirus developed in the Virology Department of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation was distributed to laboratories in 14 Brazilian states as part of a project to survey viral agents in fecal specimens from children with diarrhea. The ensuing surveillance continued for 3 to 5 years, and in 1991 the results obtained by all laboratories that tested 300 or more fecal specimens were reviewed at a workshop held in Belém. These results showed that rotavirus had been detected in 13% to 20% of the specimens tested, with positive specimens appearing to peak in the May to September "winter" or dry season in Brazil's central and southern states but not in the more tropical northern areas. Adenovirus, detected in 0.7% to 5.5% of the specimens tested for it, showed no seasonal variations. Many other viral agents known to cause gastroenteritis (e.g., astrovirus, small round-structured viruses, calcivirus, and group C rotavirus) were detected at centers that used electron microscopy. Picobirnavirus, a novel agent not yet associated with gastroenteritis in humans, was found by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in specimens from a number of centers using this technique. Vaccines to prevent rotavirus that are currently under development would be of great use in Brazil, where rotavirus is the most common cause of childhood diarrhea. Improved diagnostics will be required to assess the importance of the other viral agents.


Assuntos
Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Vigilância da População , Vírus/isolamento & purificação , Doença Aguda , Distribuição por Idade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fezes/microbiologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Lactente , Prevalência , Estações do Ano , Sorotipagem , Vírus/classificação
10.
J Virol Methods ; 35(1): 73-9, 1991 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1666115

RESUMO

Co-agglutination was used for rapid diagnosis of rotavirus infection. Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I sensitized with rabbit antiserum to rotavirus demonstrated the presence of this virus in stools of children, calves and piglets with clinical signs of diarrhea. A total of 415 fecal samples were examined by the co-agglutination test and the results were compared with those of ELISA, electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and latex agglutination. The co-agglutination test, when compared to these three methods, presented a correlation which varied between 87.2 and 94.2%.


Assuntos
Testes de Aglutinação/métodos , Infecções por Rotavirus/diagnóstico , Rotavirus/imunologia , Adenoviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Adenoviridae/diagnóstico , Animais , Bovinos , Fezes/microbiologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Testes de Fixação do Látex , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Staphylococcus aureus , Suínos
11.
J Infect Dis ; 164(2): 331-7, 1991 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1856482

RESUMO

To determine the prevalence and epidemiology of enteropathogens in acute infantile diarrhea, 500 infants less than or equal to 12 months of age with diarrhea and 500 age-matched control subjects coming to a São Paulo emergency room were studied. Enteropathogens were identified in 55% of case infants and 10% of controls; enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) of classic EPEC serotypes producing EPEC adherence factor (EAF) (26% of case infants), rotavirus (14%), Salmonella species (8%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (7%), and Shigella species (5%) were associated with diarrhea. Isolation of EAF+ classic EPEC decreased with increasing age of cases and peaked in spring, whereas rotavirus was least common in early infancy and peaked in fall and winter. Bloody stool had a 36% positive predictive value for Shigella infection, EAF+ classic EPEC were highly resistant to antimicrobial drugs. Among poor São Paulo infants, EAF+ classic EPEC equaled or exceeded rotavirus throughout the year as a cause of diarrhea bringing children to medical attention.


Assuntos
Diarreia Infantil/microbiologia , Disenteria Bacilar/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/microbiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Doença Aguda , Fatores Etários , Brasil , Infecções por Campylobacter/epidemiologia , Infecções por Campylobacter/microbiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diarreia Infantil/epidemiologia , Disenteria Bacilar/epidemiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Pobreza , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Salmonella typhimurium/isolamento & purificação , Estações do Ano , População Urbana
13.
Rev Saude Publica ; 25(1): 3-10, 1991 Feb.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1784958

RESUMO

This paper deals with the progress made in genetic engineering techniques, capable of altering the genetic potential of an organism, either by the introduction or the suppression of new structural genes. Some of the general applications are described as are also, more particularly, their uses in the field of medicine. A critical analysis of the benefits and risks involved is also undertaken.


Assuntos
DNA Recombinante , Engenharia Genética/métodos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Clonagem Molecular , Humanos
14.
Rev Saude Publica ; 24(2): 152-5, 1990 Apr.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1965558

RESUMO

It was defined the electropherotypes of rotavirus identified in stools of a groups (named "case") of 500 children with diarrhea, ranging in age from 0 to 12 months. A group (named "control") of 500 children of the same age group, without diarrhea or respiratory infections, were evaluated. Human rotavirus was detected in 14.8% of the children with diarrhea. Of the positive samples 5 had the "short" and 11 the "long" electropherotype. In the control group rotavirus was detected in 0.8% of children and all the three positive samples had "long" electropherotype.


Assuntos
Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Rotavirus/classificação
15.
J Clin Microbiol ; 27(5): 1022-6, 1989 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2545738

RESUMO

During an epidemiological survey made in São Paulo (Brazil), fecal specimens were periodically collected from 100 randomly chosen babies from birth to the age of 18 months. The stools, routinely collected each month and also collected each time a child presented any sign of disease, were screened for the presence of adenoviruses. Sixteen adenovirus strains, isolated from the stools of healthy and ill children, were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis. Five isolates were from subgenus A, five were from subgenus B, four were from subgenus C, and two were from subgenus D. All but two showed some restriction patterns different from those of the 42 human adenovirus prototypes and all the genome types described up to now. No fastidious adenovirus (subgenus F, serotypes 40 and 41) was encountered in the stools examined. We report here the restriction enzyme analysis of isolates of subgenera B and C. The following new designation genome types are proposed: Ad3e1 (subgenus B) and Ad1d, Ad5a1, and Ad5a2 (subgenus C).


Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/microbiologia , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/microbiologia , Adenovírus Humanos/genética , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , DNA Viral/análise , Fezes/microbiologia , Adenovírus Humanos/classificação , Brasil , Linhagem Celular , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Testes de Neutralização , Mapeamento por Restrição
16.
J Diarrhoeal Dis Res ; 7(1-2): 24-7, 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2607099

RESUMO

The study was done to know the relative prevalence of rotavirus diarrhoea in 329 children with diarrhoea aged less than 1 month to 6 years (32 were of unknown age) attending the outpatient departments (OPD) of public hospitals and 38 comparable patients treated by general practitioners (GP) in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Forty-three age-matched patients without any diarrhoea or respiratory symptoms, 28 from the hospital OPDs and 15 from the GPs, served as controls. Rotavirus was detected in 52 of the 329 (15.8%) patients attending hospital OPDs, and in 11 of the 38 (28.9%) patients attending GPs. Rotavirus was detected in the faecal sample of only one child from each of the two control groups getting treatment in the two facilities respectively. The proportion of patients, who attended the GPs showing only rotavirus and no pathogenic bacteria in their stools, was significantly (Chi-square test at the level of 5%) higher than that in similar patients attending the hospital OPDs. Patients aged 7 to 12 months showed the highest frequency (34%) of rotavirus positive stools. Of the 63 rotavirus positive cases, 19 had mixed infections with commonly occurring bacterial pathogens of the intestines.


Assuntos
Diarreia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/microbiologia , Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Hospitais Públicos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Ambulatório Hospitalar , Prevalência
17.
Braz J Med Biol Res ; 22(7): 833-9, 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2560940

RESUMO

1. The present study investigates, by means of a combined enzyme immunoassay for rotaviruses and adenoviruses (EIARA), the occurrence of rotaviruses in stools and jejunal juices from 31 children with acute diarrhea and 18 with chronic diarrhea. 2. Stools from 8 acute cases contained rotaviruses (26%). In two of these cases rotaviruses were also detected in the jejunal juice. 3. In the chronic diarrhea group we identified rotaviruses in the stools of one patient and in the jejunal juice of another. 4. Some of the electropherotypes of the rotaviruses identified showed different patterns of RNA migration. 5. Abnormalities of the jejunal mucosa were characterized in 6 acute rotavirus-positive cases. No morphological or functional abnormalities of the intestinal mucosa were observed in the chronic diarrhea rotavirus-positive cases.


Assuntos
Diarreia Infantil/etiologia , Rotavirus/patogenicidade , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Genes Virais , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Lactente , Secreções Intestinais/microbiologia , Jejuno/metabolismo , Masculino , Rotavirus/genética , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação
18.
Rev. bras. pesqui. méd. biol ; Braz. j. med. biol. res;22(7): 833-9, 1989. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-83200

RESUMO

The present study investigates, by means of a combined enzyme immunoassay for rotaviruses and adenoviruses (EIARA), the occurrence of rotaviruses in stools and jejunal juices from 31 children with acute diarrhea and 18 with chronic diarrhea. Stools from 8 acute cases contained rotaviruses (26%). In two of these cases rotaviruses were also detected in the jejunal juice. In the chronic diarrhea group we identified rotaviruses in the stools of one patient and in the jejunal juice of another. Some of the electropherotypes of the rotaviruses identified showed different patterns of RNA migration. Abnormalities of the jejunal mucosa were characterized in 6 acute rotavirus-positive cases. No morphological or functional abnormalities of the intestinal mucosa were observed in the chornic diarrhea rotavirus-positive cases


Assuntos
Lactente , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diarreia Infantil/etiologia , Rotavirus/patogenicidade , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fezes/microbiologia , Genes Virais , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Jejuno/metabolismo , Rotavirus/genética , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Secreções Intestinais/microbiologia
19.
J Gen Virol ; 69 ( Pt 11): 2749-54, 1988 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3053986

RESUMO

Examination of the intestinal contents of free-living Oryzomys nigripes rats by PAGE revealed two sharply defined bands that could be stained by ethidium bromide or by silver nitrate with comparable intensities. The molecules forming these bands were susceptible to digestion by pancreatic RNase A but not by RNase T1 or by DNase I. Their lengths were estimated to be about 2.6 and 1.5 kbp, respectively, by comparison with rotavirus SA11 genome segments. They cosedimented in CsCl gradients at a density of 1.39 to 1.40 g/ml, together with uniform particles approximately 35 nm in diameter with indistinct surface structure. It is suggested that these particles represent an as yet undescribed virus with a bisegmented double-stranded RNA genome, for which the name 'picobirnavirus' is proposed.


Assuntos
Arvicolinae/microbiologia , Vírus de RNA/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Intestinos/microbiologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Vírus de RNA/ultraestrutura , RNA de Cadeia Dupla/análise
20.
Eur J Epidemiol ; 4(3): 382-5, 1988 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3181392

RESUMO

This study was undertaken to detect the presence of rotavirus in the stools of children with gastroenteritis, using the enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and to compare the signs and symptoms of rotavirus-positive and -negative children. Over a period of fifteen months, 367 children ranging in age from less than 1 month to 5 years or more with diarrhea and 86 children, in the same age group, without diarrhea and respiratory infections, used as controls, were evaluated. Human rotavirus was detected in 15.8% of children with diarrhea attending out-patient clinics and in 28.9% of patients seen by general practitioners. In the control groups, the percentages of identification of rotavirus were 1.4% and 5.5% respectively. Frequency of other enteropathogens was determined. The hydration state of diarrheal cases, different clinical symptoms and the type of medical attendance distinguished the rotavirus positive from the rotavirus negative patients.


Assuntos
Diarreia/microbiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Brasil , Pré-Escolar , Desidratação/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Infecções Respiratórias/complicações , Infecções por Rotavirus/complicações
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