The effect of a preparation containing glycocholic acid on the biocidal efficacy of sodium hypochlorite in a biofilm laboratory model.

This study assessed the antimicrobial effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) mixtures combined with Keratobacter (KB) using an engineered biofilm root canal model. Clinical and reagent grade NaOCl were mixed with KB (9:1-vol/vol) to assess pH values over 1 min to select the ideal solution with a pH just below the pKa of hypochlorous acid. The samples were randomly divided into five groups: 1% and 4% NaOCl reagents, a mixture of NaOCl:KB using 1% and 4% NaOCl reagents and distilled water. Outcome measures were colony-forming units (CFUs/mL) and positive/negative cultures. No significant differences were observed in the pairwise comparisons between 1%, 4% NaOCl and 4% NaOCl+KB for the outcome CFUs/mL. Only 4% NaOCl presented with negative cultures in all samples, whereas 1% NaOCl and 4% NaOCl+KB had similar results (54% vs. 40%). The addition of KB has a limited effect on the antimicrobial efficacy of 4% NaOCl in this laboratory model.

What is new in the 2020 International Association of Dental Traumatology emergency treatment guidelines?

Over the past eight years, there have been marked changes in the recommendations for the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). The recently published International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines for the emergency management of TDIs provide a comprehensive manual for clinicians to refer when assessing and managing patients presenting with these types of injuries. Clinicians should be prepared to utilize these new guidelines which were released in 2020. The aim of this short communication is to support those with previous knowledge regarding the IADT guidelines, to identify the changes in treatment modality, and to provide backing for those exposed to trauma guidelines for the first time. In the present communication, the areas of TDIs have been separated into primary and permanent teeth plus avulsions, with a tabular format highlighting the main changes in the emergency management from the previous version in 2012. This format has been devised to aid the clinicians' understanding of the variations over time and facilitate recall of the new guidelines. For the first time, the 2020 IADT Guidelines present a Core Outcomes Set (COS) that includes outcomes that were relevant to all TDIs and outcomes related to only one or several TDIs. However, the COS is not the object of the present publication.