[Validation of screening method based on EEG analysis for the risk assessment of psychiatric and behavioral disorders: a pilot study]. / Validatsiya skriningovogo metoda na osnove analiza EEG dlya otsenki riskov psikhicheskikh i povedencheskikh rasstroistv: pilotnoe issledovanie.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of the screening method based on EEG analysis using predictive analytics algorithms with the calculation of linear discriminant functions (LDFs), in comparison with a classification system based on psychometric self-report scales. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study with partial blinding involving healthy volunteers was conducted at two investigational sites. The calculated scores of LDFs used to assess risks of impulsivity, depression and anxiety acted as quantitative characteristics of subjects' mental state. Testing included completing psychometric scales. RESULTS: As a result of the performed validation of the original screening method based on EEG analysis in comparison with the scores of psychometric scales chosen as a reference method, satisfactory results were obtained with the best parameters of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting high levels of impulsivity associated with pronounced aggressiveness. Of considerable interest is also the direct correlation found between high levels of LDF impulsivity scores and high levels of self-rated aggression on a psychometric scale (BPAQ-24). CONCLUSION: The results open up the possibility of using the proposed method to predict a number of emotional and behavioral characteristics of subjects, including a high risk of aggressive behavior as part of professional selection.

[Discriminant EEG analysis for differential diagnosis of schizophrenia. Methodological aspects]. / Ispol'zovanie diskriminantnogo analiza EEG dlya differentsial'noi diagnostiki shizofrenii. Metodologicheskie aspekty.

BACKGROUND: A search for accurate linear discriminant function (LDF) allowing the diagnosis of schizophrenia and estimation of treatment effectiveness according to EEG is an urgent problem. OBJECTIVE: To develop a methodology for discriminant EEG analysis for minimizing the overlearning effect, selection of optimal LDF model and evaluation of its generalizing ability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred and twenty patients with schizophrenia and 1400 people without psychiatric diseases, who were comparable in basic characteristics, were enrolled. EEG was recorded using 16 leads, 10-20 system and aural reference electrodes. EEG was processed by spectral and coherent analysis. RESULTS: After linear discriminant analysis, LDF was obtained to differentiate people with schizophrenia from healthy subjects and a formula was selected from LDF that included 8 predictors (spectral and coherent parameters of standard EEG ranges theta, alpha and beta) with 90% sensitivity and 80% specificity, significance level for Wilks' lambda p<3.9E-28 and the Mahalanobis distance between training set centroids 4,6. CONCLUSION: A method for obtaining optimal LDF models and selection the best one with further LDF generalizing ability assessment is suggested.

[The use of eeg discriminant analysis in the diagnosis of schizophrenia]. / Ispol'zovanie diskriminantnogo analiza élektroéntsefalogrammy v diagnostike shizofrenii.

AIM: There have been no criteria found so far to quantify the wide range of EEG spectral and coherent indicators, which would allow discrimination between schizophrenia disorders and healthy human states. The goal of this research is to find objective EEG-based schizophrenia criteria through a discriminant analysis and to obtain a linear discriminant function (LDF) with sensitivity and specificity of at least 85%. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study covered 83 schizophrenia patients and 116 healthy individuals, with similar major characteristics. EEGs were recorded in EDF format using 16 leads under the 10-20 system and ear reference electrodes, with further spectral and coherent analysis. RESULTS: A discriminant analysis has provided LDFs from which a formula with 5 predictors was extracted. The most valuable diagnostic predictors were beta2 and theta rhythm powers in the F3 lead. In the same manner, interhemispheric theta rhythm coherence in the pair T5-T6 and interhemispheric beta rhythm coherence in the pairs F3-C3 and T3-C3 were significant predictors. All of them being negative, the EEG supplied thereby most likely relates to the schizophrenia class. CONCLUSION: The novel methods used for selecting EEG features and choosing their combinations to obtain LDFs and verify the outcomes will give the researcher a powerful and flexible tool to perform an EEG discriminant analysis which allows obtaining linear discriminant functions in short terms without routine procedures, performance of preliminary diagnosis using an expert system based on the obtained LDF, evaluation of treatment efficacy by the LDF score dynamics. During treatment and changes of predicting modules function, variables may increase or decrease depending on the direction of predictors that may serve as an indicator of treatment efficacy.

[Possibilities for the diagnosis of inflammatory reaction in ischemic stroke]. / Vozmozhnost' diagnostiki vospalitel'noi reaktsii pri ishemicheskom insul'te.

AIM: To study diagnostic possibilities for determining the content of nitrite and N-nitroso compounds (NO2-+RNNO) in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (IS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with IS were examined. The content of NO oxidation products was determined in venous blood and CSF by using an enzyme sensor based on the unique property of nitrite (NO2-), N-nitroso compounds (RNNO), S-nitrosothiols and dinitrosyl iron complexes to inhibit the enzyme catalase in the presence of halide ions. The study was conducted on the 1st day of IS. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: CSF in patients with IS contained nitrite and N-nitroso compounds (NO2-+RNNO) in concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 2.0 µm. The relationship between the size of IS and the concentration of NO2-+RNNO in CSF was shown. It was 1.01±0.13 µm in patients with medium IS and 0.71±0.07 µm in patients with small IS (U-criterion 16.5; p<0.05). There was no correlation between the severity of neurological deficit at the time of hospitalization and discharge from the hospital and the content of NO2-+RNNO in CSF (r=0.134; p>0.5; r=0.155; p>0.5, respectively). Plasma NO2-+RNNO levels were not associated with the presence and size of IS though they were elevated in patients with inflammatory complications. In conclusion, NO2-+RNNO can be considered as a marker of inflammation in patients with IS. Their presence in CSF reflects the extent of brain damage, but not the presence of concomitant inflammatory diseases.

[Dichotomous classification of autism spectrum disorders: syndromal and non-syndromal forms]. / Dikhotomicheskaia klassifikatsiia rasstroistv autisticheskogo spektra: sindromal'nye i nesindromal'nye formy.

In foreign literature on research into the etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), the division of this group of diseases into two forms is getting more and more frequent. These two forms are 'syndromal' and 'non-syndromal' forms of autistic disorders. The literature review aims to cover the issues of the dichotomous classification of ASDs based on the genetic and molecular psychiatric views on the etiopathogenesis of this group of diseases. It also covers the purpose of this classification, the opportunities of its usage in routine clinical practice and the network resources, which allow classifying a form of ASD correctly. Special attention is paid to the multidisciplinary approach to dichotomous classification and its difference from the clinical view on the systematization of autism and the importance of this method for selection of target therapy.

[The role of cellular mediators in the development of the phenomenon of inhibition induced by barium sulfate luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of blood under the influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with intolerance to these drugs].

We investigated contribution mediator mechanism in the development of the phenomenon of inhibition induced by barium sulfate luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (SLCHL) of blood under the influence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients with intolerance to these drugs. It was found that the phenomenon of suppression SLCHL blood under the influence of NSAIDs in patients with intolerance is mediated by the participation of mediators, and the contribution of H1--and H2--histamine receptors, 5-HT2 serotonin receptors and Cys-leukotriene receptors in the development of that phenomenon depends on the chemical nature of NSAIDs and the clinical manifestations of intolerance.

[Possibility of diagnostics of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs intolerance with a change in the chemiluminescent glow of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes of the peripheral blood].

We investigated the intensity of barium sulfate stimulated luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (SLCL) of pre-incubated blood with various concentrations of sodium salicylate, sodium metamizol or sodium diclofenac. Blood was received from healthy donors and patients with intolerance to aspirin and/or sodium metamizol and/or sodium diclofenac. Revealed valid differences in SLCL of blood received from healthy donors and patients with intolerance to these drugs allows us to use chemiluminescence method for the diagnosis of intolerance to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.