Efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis in the main trunk.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mFOLFOX-based hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). Methods: This retrospective study included patients who received mFOLFOX-based HAIC combined with TKIs and ICIs from January 2021 to January 2023. The primary outcome was the objective response rate of PVTT response, and the secondary outcomes were 6-month, 1-year survival rate, overall survival (OS), and corresponding adverse events and complications were also evaluated. PVTT responses were assessed using ITK-SNAP software. Results: A total of 37 patients were included in the analysis, 18.92% achieved a complete response and 56.76% achieved a partial response in PVTT response. The objective response rate (ORR) of PVTT was 75.68%. The 6-month survival rate was 89%, the 1-year survival rate was 66%, and the median OS was 15.8 months. In univariate analysis, Child-Pugh score (P=0.010) was important factor for predicting OS; in multivariate analysis, Child-Pugh score (P=0.015, HR= 3.089, 95%CI: 1.250-7.633) was the important factor for predicting OS. In terms of adverse reactions, the most common adverse reactions associated with HAIC are pain and thrombocytopenia associated with oxaliplatin. Conclusion: FOLFOX-based HAIC combined with TKIs and ICIs induced an objective response rate of 75.68% in PVTT. Clinical signicance: FOLFOX-based HAIC combined with TKIs and ICIs provides more treatment options for PVTT.

Molecular Characteristics of Jimusaer Shale Oil from Xinjiang, China.

Increasing attention is currently obtained by the exploitation and utilization of unconventional energy sources globally. Jimusaer shale oil (JSO) was prepared by dry distillation from oil shale in Jimusaer, Xinjiang, China. Using n-heptane and toluene as solvents, saturate (SA), aromatic (AR), resin (RE), and asphaltene (AS) samples were produced from JSO. Samples were subsequently analyzed by elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG), infrared analysis (FT-IR), high-performance gel chromatography (GPC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). In terms of basic properties, element content, classification of combustible minerals, and refining performance, JSO, which has a high H/C value, low carbon residue yield, low metal content, and excellent refining-processing performance, is considered a high-quality shale oil compared with the shale oil produced in other areas. The refining performance of JSO is even comparable with petroleum. According to column chromatography, the contents of SA, AR, RE, and AS in JSO are 54.32, 18.86, 25.81, and 1.01%, respectively. The results of FT-IR and NMR (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) demonstrated that the chain alkane or aromatic cycloalkyl substituents of SA, AR, and RE decrease sequentially, while the number of aromatic rings and cycloalkane rings and the degree of condensation increase sequentially. These results indicate that the chain alkanes with a small number of cycloalkanes are the main component of SA. The AR and RE contain more thick-ring aromatic hydrocarbons. According to GPC, the molecular weight (M n) of JSO is 845 g·mol-1, and those of SA, AR, and RE are 702, 1107, and 2218 g·mol-1, respectively. The estimated molecular formulas (M af) of JSO, SA, AR, and RE, which were calculated based on the combined results of GPC and EA, are C57.91H115.60O1.38N0.79S0.04, C48.02H101.79O0.69N0.85S0.03, C76.96H137.16O1.08N1.87S0.09, and C156.24H247.75O1.46N4.42S0.32.

[Effects of tillage-cropping systems on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from agro-ecosystems in a purple paddy soil].

Using the static opaque chamber method, a field experiment, located in the Key Field Station for Monitoring of Eco-Environment of Purple Soil of the Ministry of Agriculture of China in the farm of Southwest University (30 degrees 26'N, 106 degrees 26'E) in Chongqing, was conducted in situ for one year to study the effect of different tillage systems on CH4 and N2O emission from ago-ecosystems in a purple paddy soil. In this paper, four tillage treatments including conventional tillage with rice only system (CT), conventional tillage with rotation of rice and rape system (CTR), no-till and plain culture with rotation of rice and rape system (NTP) and no-till and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (NTR) were selected as research objectives. The results showed that the annual CH4 and N2O emissions were mainly occurred in the rice growing period, and were about 77.6% and 55.0% of the total annual of them emitted from this period. The total annual CH4 under CT was higher than that of other treatments. The annual average flux of CH4[CH4, mg x (m2 x h)(-1)] order was CT (2.96 +/- 0.04) >NTR (1.83 +/- 0.21) >NTP (1.42 +/- 0.01) >CTR (0.96 +/- 0.09); the annual average flux of N2O[N2O, microg x (m2 x h)(-1)] order was CTR (123.6 +/- 47.1) > NTR (115.2 +/- 22.1) > NTP (100.5 +/- 25.8) > CT (81.3 +/- 13.5), and the total annual N2O under CTR was higher than that of CT. The global warming potentials (GWPs) of CH4 and N2O emissions under different tillage-cropping systems were assessed in an integrated way. The results showed that the integrated GWPs of CH4 and N2O emission were in the following sequence: CT > NTR > NTP > CTR, and CTR was the best treatment for decrease the integrated GWPs in this area.

[Effect of different zinc levels on accumulation and chemical forms of cadmium, and physiological characterization in Capsicum annuum L].

Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of different zinc (Zn) levels (0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 micromol x L(-1)) on the plant growth,activities of antioxidant enzymes, contents of chlorophyll a and b, accumulation and chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) in Capsicum annuum L. when exposed to Cd (20 mg x kg(-1)). The results showed that dry weights of leaf, stem, fruit and root, and contents of chlorophyll a and b in Capsicum annuum L. were increased by Zn ( < or = 400 micromol x L(-1)), while inhibited by high Zn (600 micromol x L(-1)). Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were reduced by Zn ( < or =400 micromol x L(-1)), the lowest activities of SOD and CAT were recorded in 400 micromol x L(-1) Zn, but activities of SOD and CAT were increased when Zn >400 micromol x L(-1). Cadmium concentrations in stem, fruit and root of Capsicum annuum L. were decreased by 2.7%-5.4%, 7.5%-28.1% and 7.6%-21.8% in the presence of Zn when exposed to Cd. The total extractable Cd, NaCl- extractable Cd, water-extractable Cd and ethanol-extractable Cd in fruit were reduced by 7.7%-21.8%, 4.11%-23.6%, 54.5%-66.8% and 4.8%-86.7% in the presence of Zn,while acetic acid- extractable Cd and residual Cd were increased by 28.0%-68.0% and 12.6%-25.0%.