Activation of peroxymonosulfate by sustainable biomass-based carbon nanotubes for controlling the spread of plant viruses in water environments.

With the increasing demand for water in hydroponic systems and agricultural irrigation, viral diseases have seriously affected the yield and quality of crops. By removing plant viruses in water environments, virus transmission can be prevented and agricultural production and ecosystems can be protected. But so far, there have been few reports on the removal of plant viruses in water environments. Herein, in this study, easily recyclable biomass-based carbon nanotubes catalysts were synthesized with varying metal activities to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Among them, the magnetic 0.125Fe@NCNTs-1/PMS system showed the best overall removal performance against pepper mild mottle virus, with a 5.9 log10 removal within 1 min. Notably, the key reactive species in the 0.125Fe@NCNTs-1/PMS system is 1O2, which can maintain good removal effect in real water matrices (river water and tap water). Through RNA fragment analyses and label free analysis, it was found that this system could effectively cleave virus particles, destroy viral proteins and expose their genome. The capsid protein of pepper mild mottle virus was effectively decomposed where serine may be the main attacking sites by 1O2. Long viral RNA fragments (3349 and 1642 nt) were cut into smaller fragments (∼160 nt) and caused their degradation. In summary, this study contributes to controlling the spread of plant viruses in real water environment, which will potentially help protect agricultural production and food safety, and improve the health and sustainability of ecosystems.

PTEN acts as a crucial inflammatory checkpoint controlling TLR9/IL-6 axis in B cells.

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is vital for B cell development, acting as a key negative regulator in the PI3K signaling pathway. We used CD23-cre to generate PTEN-conditional knockout mice (CD23-cKO) to examine the impact of PTEN mutation on peripheral B cells. Unlike mb1-cre-mediated PTEN deletion in early B cells, CD23-cKO mutants exhibited systemic inflammation with increased IL-6 production in mature B cells upon CpG stimulation. Inflammatory B cells in CD23-cKO mice showed elevated phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PI(3)P] levels and increased TLR9 endosomal localization. Pharmacological inhibition of PI(3)P synthesis markedly reduced TLR9-mediated IL-6. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed altered endocytosis, BANK1, and NF-κB1 expression in PTEN-deficient B cells. Ectopic B cell receptor (BCR) expression on non-inflammatory mb1-cKO B cells restored BANK1 and NF-κB1 expression, enhancing TLR9-mediated IL-6 production. Our study highlights PTEN as a crucial inflammatory checkpoint, regulating TLR9/IL-6 axis by fine-tuning PI(3)P homeostasis. Additionally, BCR downregulation prevents the differentiation of inflammatory B cells in PTEN deficiency.

Integrating Pt nanoparticles with 3D Cu2- x Se/GO nanostructure to achieve nir-enhanced peroxidizing Nano-enzymes for dynamic monitoring the level of H2O2 during the inflammation.

The treatment of wound inflammation is intricately linked to the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the wound microenvironment. Among these ROS, H2O2 serves as a critical signaling molecule and second messenger, necessitating the urgent need for its rapid real-time quantitative detection, as well as effective clearance, in the pursuit of effective wound inflammation treatment. Here, we exploited a sophisticated 3D Cu2- x Se/GO nanostructure-based nanonzymatic H2O2 electrochemical sensor, which is further decorated with evenly distributed Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) through electrodeposition. The obtained Cu2- x Se/GO@Pt/SPCE sensing electrode possesses a remarkable increase in specific surface derived from the three-dimensional surface constructed by GO nanosheets. Moreover, the localized surface plasma effect of the Cu2- x Se nanospheres enhances the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs between the interface of the Cu2- x Se NPs and the Pt NPs. This innovation enables near-infrared light-enhanced catalysis, significantly reducing the detection limit of the Cu2- x Se/GO@Pt/SPCE sensing electrode for H2O2 (from 1.45 µM to 0.53µM) under NIR light. Furthermore, this biosensor electrode enables in-situ real-time monitoring of H2O2 released by cells. The NIR-enhanced Cu2- x Se/GO@Pt/SPCE sensing electrode provide a simple-yet-effective method to achieve a detection of ROS (H2O2、-OH) with high sensitivity and efficiency. This innovation promises to revolutionize the field of wound inflammation treatment by providing clinicians with a powerful tool for accurate and rapid assessment of ROS levels, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.

The relationship between hypoxia and Alzheimer's disease: an updated review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and the most prevalent form of dementia. The main hallmarks for the diagnosis of AD are extracellular amyloid-beta (Aß) plaque deposition and intracellular accumulation of highly hyperphosphorylated Tau protein as neurofibrillary tangles. The brain consumes more oxygen than any other organs, so it is more easily to be affected by hypoxia. Hypoxia has long been recognized as one of the possible causes of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, but the exact mechanism has not been clarified. In this review, we will elucidate the connection between hypoxia-inducible factors-1α and AD, including its contribution to AD and its possible protective effects. Additionally, we will discuss the relationship between oxidative stress and AD as evidence show that oxidative stress acts on AD-related pathogenic factors such as mitochondrial dysfunction, Aß deposition, inflammation, etc. Currently, there is no cure for AD. Given the close association between hypoxia, oxidative stress, and AD, along with current research on the protective effects of antioxidants against AD, we speculate that antioxidants could be a potential therapeutic approach for AD and worth further study.

The influence of Type I and III collagen on the proliferation, migration and differentiation of myoblasts.

Myoblast is a kind of activated muscle stem cell. Its biological activities, such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and fusion, play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the skeletal muscle system. These activities of myoblasts can be significantly influenced by the extracellular matrix. Collagen, being a principal constituent of the extracellular matrix, substantially influences these biological activities. In skeletal muscle, collagen I and III are two kinds of primary collagen types. Their influence on myoblasts and the difference between them remain ambiguous. The purpose of this study is to discover the influence of collagen I and III on biological function of myoblasts and compare their differences. We used C2C12 cell line and primary myoblasts to discover the effect of collagen I and III on proliferation, migration and differentiation of myoblasts and then performed the transcriptome sequencing and analysis. The results showed that both collagen I and III enhanced the proliferation of myoblasts, with no statistical difference between them. Similarly, collagen I and III enhanced the migration of myoblasts, with collagen I was more pronounced in Transwell assay. On the contrary, collagen I and III inhibited myoblasts differentiation, with collagen III was more pronounced at gene expression level. The transcriptome sequencing identified DEGs and enrichment analysis elucidated different terms between Type I and III collagen. Collectively, our research preliminarily elucidated the influence of collagen I and III on myoblasts and their difference and provided the preliminary experimental foundation for subsequent research.

Integrated production of xylose and docosahexaenoic acid from hemicellulose and cellulose in corncob.

Exploring efficient and comprehensive utilization of agricultural waste to produce high value-added products has been global research hotspot. In this study, a novel process for integrated production of xylose and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from hemicellulose and cellulose in corncob was developed. Corncob was treated with dilute H2SO4 at 121 °C for 1 h and xylose was readily produced with a recovery yield of 79.35 %. The corncob residue was then subject to alkali pretreatment under optimized conditions of 0.1 g NaOH/g dry solid, 60 °C for 2 h, and the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the resulting residue were 87.49 %, 7.58 % and 2.31 %, respectively. The cellulose in the residue was easily hydrolyzed by cellulase, yielding 74.87 g/L glucose with hydrolysis efficiency of 77.02 %. Remarkably, the corncob residue hydrolysate supported cell growth and DHA production in Schizochytrium sp. ATCC 20888 well, and the maximum biomass of 32.71 g/L and DHA yield of 4.63 g/L were obtained, with DHA percentage in total fatty acids of 36.89 %. This study demonstrates that the corncob residue generated during xylose production, rich in cellulose, can be effectively utilized for DHA production by Schizochytrium sp., offering a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to pure glucose.

Digital virtual reduction combined with individualized guide plate of lateral tibial condyle osteotomy for the treatment of tibial plateau fracture.

BACKGROUND: Current treatments do not support direct exposure of fracture fragments, resulting in the inability to directly observe the articular surface during surgery for accurate reduction and firm fixation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore the treatment effect of digital virtual reduction combined with individualized guide plate of lateral tibial condyle osteotomy on tibial plateau fracture involving the lateral posterior condyle collapse. METHODS: 41 patients with tibial plateau fracture involving the lateral posterior condyle collapse were recruited in the trial. All patients underwent Computed Tomography (CT) scanning before operation. After operation, fracture reduction was evaluated using Rasmussen score and function of knee joint was assessed using hospital for special surgery (HSS) score. RESULTS: 41 patients were followed-up 6-26 months (mean, 15.2 months). Fracture reduction was good after operation, with an average of 13.3 weeks of fracture healing without serious complications. The excellent and good rate was 97.6%. The joint movement degree was -5∘∼0∘∼135∘ with an average of 125.5∘. CONCLUSIONS: Digital virtual reduction combined with individualized guide plate of lateral tibial condyle osteotomy was effectively for treating tibial plateau fracture involving the lateral posterior condyle collapse.

Mediation of radiation-induced bystander effect and epigenetic modification: The role of exosomes in cancer radioresistance.

Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles produced by almost all mammalian cells. They play an important role in cell-to-cell communication by transferring biologically active molecules from the cell of origin to the recipient cells. Ionizing radiation influences exosome production and molecular cargo loading. In cancer management, ionizing radiation is a form of treatment that exerts its cancer cytotoxicity by induction of DNA damage and other alterations to the targeted tissue cells. However, normal bystander non-targeted cells may exhibit the effects of ionizing radiation, a phenomenon called radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE). The mutual communication between the two groups of cells (targeted and non-targeted) via radiation-influenced exosomes enables the exchange of radiosensitive molecules. This facilitates indirect radiation exposure, leading, among other effects, to epigenetic remodeling and subsequent adaptation to radiation. This review discusses the role exosomes play in epigenetically induced radiotherapy resistance through the mediation of RIBE.

Progress in the application of artificial intelligence in skin wound assessment and prediction of healing time.

Since the 1970s, artificial intelligence (AI) has played an increasingly pivotal role in the medical field, enhancing the efficiency of disease diagnosis and treatment. Amidst an aging population and the proliferation of chronic disease, the prevalence of complex surgeries for high-risk multimorbid patients and hard-to-heal wounds has escalated. Healthcare professionals face the challenge of delivering safe and effective care to all patients concurrently. Inadequate management of skin wounds exacerbates the risk of infection and complications, which can obstruct the healing process and diminish patients' quality of life. AI shows substantial promise in revolutionizing wound care and management, thus enhancing the treatment of hospitalized patients and enabling healthcare workers to allocate their time more effectively. This review details the advancements in applying AI for skin wound assessment and the prediction of healing timelines. It emphasizes the use of diverse algorithms to automate and streamline the measurement, classification, and identification of chronic wound healing stages, and to predict wound healing times. Moreover, the review addresses existing limitations and explores future directions.

Efficacy of sulodexide in treating idiopathic membranous nephropathy among Chinese patients: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of Sulodexide in treating idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) in the Chinese population. METHODS: We systematically reviewed all eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) conducted in China that investigated the effects of Sulodexide on IMN. Three RCTs published between 2013 and 2022 were included, encompassing a total of 146 patients. The primary outcomes evaluated were changes in urine total protein (UTP), serum albumin (ALB), cholesterol (CHOL), and fibrinogen (FIB) levels. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in the Sulodexide treatment group compared to the control group for the following parameters: reduction in UTP and CHOL, increase in ALB, and reduction in FIB levels. CONCLUSION: Sulodexide, when combined with conventional therapy, effectively reduces UTP and CHOL levels, decreases FIB levels, and increases ALB in Chinese patients with IMN.

Complete chloroplast genomes of two Ainsliaea species and the phylogenetic analysis in the tribe Pertyeae.

The genus Ainsliaea DC. is one of the major groups within the tribe Pertyeae (Asteraceae). It comprises several important Chinese medicinal species. However, the phylogenetic position has undergone a long process of exploration. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences data has not been employed in species identification and phylogeny of Ainsliaea. In this study, the complete cp genomes of two Ainsliaea species (A. gracilis and A. henryi) were reported, followed by structural, comparative, and phylogenetic analyses within the tribe Peryteae. Both cp genomes displayed a typical quadripartite circular structure, with the LSC and SSC regions separated by the IR regions. The genomes were 152,959 (A. gracilis) and 152,805 (A. henryi) base pairs (bp) long, with a GC content of 37.6%. They were highly conserved, containing 134 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 2 pseudogenes (rps19 and ycf1). Moreover, thirteen highly polymorphic regions (e.g., trnK-UUU, trnG-UCC, trnT-GGU, accD-psaI, and rpl22-rps19) were identified, indicating their potential as DNA barcodes. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed the placement of Ainsliaea in the tribe Pertyeae, revealing close relationships with the genera Myripnois and Pertya. In comparison with Ainsliaea, Myripnois was more closely related to Pertya. This study lays a theoretical foundation for future research on species identification, population genetics, resource conservation, and sustainable utilization within Ainsliaea and Pertyeae.

Step-induced double-row pattern of interfacial water on rutile TiO2(110) under electrochemical conditions.

Metal oxides are promising (photo)electrocatalysts for sustainable energy technologies due to their good activity and abundant resources. Their applications such as photocatalytic water splitting predominantly involve aqueous interfaces under electrochemical conditions, but in situ probing oxide-water interfaces is proven to be extremely challenging. Here, we present an electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) study on the rutile TiO2(110)-water interface, and by tuning surface redox chemistry with careful potential control we are able to obtain high quality images of interfacial structures with atomic details. It is interesting to find that the interfacial water exhibits an unexpected double-row pattern that has never been observed. This finding is confirmed by performing a large scale simulation of a stepped interface model enabled by machine learning accelerated molecular dynamics (MLMD) with ab initio accuracy. Furthermore, we show that this pattern is induced by the steps present on the surface, which can propagate across the terraces through interfacial hydrogen bonds. Our work demonstrates that by combining EC-STM and MLMD we can obtain new atomic details of interfacial structures that are valuable to understand the activity of oxides under realistic conditions.

Fabrication of A Multi-functional Separator Incorporating Crown ether- Polyoxometalate Supramolecular Compound for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Recently, research on polyoxometalates (POMs) has gained significant momentum. Owing to their properties as electronic sponges, POMs catalyst harbor substantial potential in lithium-sulfur battery research. However, POMs undergo a transformation into reduced heteropoly blue (HPB) during electrochemical reactions, which then dissolve into the electrolyte, resulting in catalyst loss. In this research, we amalgamated 18-crown-6 (CR6) with K3PW12O40, (KPW), synthesized a novel POM-based supramolecular compound, and integrated it with graphene oxide (GO) to fabricate a multi-functional composite polypropylene (PP) separator KPW-CR6/GO/PP. The crown ether array was employed to immobilize POM and construct ion transport channels, thereby enhancing the Li+ migration rate and capturing polysulfides. Subsequently, leveraging the stable structure and redox properties of POM, the polysulfide is catalyzed to transform and inhibit the shuttle effect, thereby protecting the Li anode. The lithium-sulfur batteries with the Crown ether-POM supramolecular compound separators, exhibit enhanced capacity and stability (1073.3 mAh g-1 at 1.0 C, and 81.5% retention rate after 250 cycles). The battery (S loading: 3.2 mg cm-2) presents an initial specific discharge capacity of 543.4 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C, with 89.8% of the capacity retained after 160 cycles. This underlines the practical application potential of Crown ether-POM supramolecular materials in Li-S batteries.

The topical application of Sphistin12-38 in combination with sponge spicules for the acne treatment.

We demonstrated for the first time that a marine-derived antimicrobial peptide (AMP), Sph12-38, exhibit high antimicrobial activity against P. acnes with a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 7 µM. Meanwhile, Sph12-38 has no significant cytotoxicity to human keratinocytes (HKs) at its high concentration (33.5 µM). The topical application of sponge Haliclona sp. spicules (SHS) dramatically enhanced the skin penetration of Sph12-38 up to 40.9 ± 5.9% (p < 0.01), which was 6.1 ± 0.9-fold higher than that of Sph12-38 alone. Further, SHS resulted in the accumulation of most Sph12-38 in viable epidermis and dermis. Further, the combined use of Sph12-38 and SHS resulted in a cure rate of 100% for rabbit ear acne treatment in vivo for two weeks, while the one induced by other groups was 40%, 0% and 0% for SHS alone, Sph12-38 alone and control group, respectively. The strategy of combined using AMP and SHS can also be applied in a rational designed topical delivery system for the management of other deep infection of the skin. The effectiveness of SHS by itself on the treatment of acne was also demonstrated by clinical trials. After 14 days of treatment by 1% SHS gel. The number of skin lesions decreased by 51.4%.

Pressure induced structural and electronic band transition in CsPbBr3.

Cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) is a prominent halide perovskite with extensive optoelectronic applications. In this study, we report the pressure modulation of CsPbBr3's crystal structure and electronic properties at room temperature up to 5 GPa. We have observed a crystal structure transition from the orthorhombic Pnma space group to a new monoclinic phase in the space group P21/c at 2.08 GPa. The structure is associated with ~8% of density jump across the transition boundary. DFT calculations have suggested that the structure transition leads to a change in the electronic band structure, and there is an emergent indirect bandgap at the Pnma-P21/c phase transition boundary at 2.08 GPa. Across the transition boundary, the electronic band gap of CsPbBr3 increased from 2.07 eV to 2.38 eV, which explains its pressure-induced color change. Our study demonstrates the importance of using in-situ crystal structure in the electronic band structure calculations in halide perovskites.

Frequent Acquisition of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 32 (GH32) Genes from Bacteria via Horizontal Gene Transfer Drives Adaptation of Invertebrates to Diverse Sources of Food and Living Habitats.

Glycoside hydrolases (GHs, also called glycosidases) catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides. Numerous GH genes have been identified from various organisms and are classified into 188 families, abbreviated GH1 to GH188. Enzymes in the GH32 family hydrolyze fructans, which are present in approximately 15% of flowering plants and are widespread across microorganisms. GH32 genes are rarely found in animals, as fructans are not a typical carbohydrate source utilized in animals. Here, we report the discovery of 242 GH32 genes identified in 84 animal species, ranging from nematodes to crabs. Genetic analyses of these genes indicated that the GH32 genes in various animals were derived from different bacteria via multiple, independent horizontal gene transfer events. The GH32 genes in animals appear functional based on the highly conserved catalytic blades and triads in the active center despite the overall low (35-60%) sequence similarities among the predicted proteins. The acquisition of GH32 genes by animals may have a profound impact on sugar metabolism for the recipient organisms. Our results together with previous reports suggest that the acquired GH32 enzymes may not only serve as digestive enzymes, but also may serve as effectors for manipulating host plants, and as metabolic enzymes in the non-digestive tissues of certain animals. Our results provide a foundation for future studies on the significance of horizontally transferred GH32 genes in animals. The information reported here enriches our knowledge of horizontal gene transfer, GH32 functions, and animal-plant interactions, which may result in practical applications. For example, developing crops via targeted engineering that inhibits GH32 enzymes could aid in the plant's resistance to animal pests.

TaMYB-CC5 gene specifically expressed in root improve tolerance of phosphorus deficiency and drought stress in wheat.

Phosphate deficiency and drought are significant environmental constraints that impact both the productivity and quality of wheat. The interaction between phosphorus and water facilitates their mutual absorption processes in plants. Under conditions of both phosphorus deficiency and drought stress, we observed a significant upregulation in the expression of wheat MYB-CC transcription factors through the transcriptome analysis. 52 TaMYB-CC genes in wheat were identified and analyzed their evolutionary relationships, structures, and expression patterns. The TaMYB-CC5 gene exhibited specific expression in roots and demonstrated significant upregulation under phosphorus deficiency and drought stress compared to other TaMYB-CC genes. The overexpression of TaMYB-CC5A in Arabidopsis resulted in a significant increase of root length under stress conditions, thereby enhancing tolerance to phosphate starvation and drought stress. The wheat lines with silenced TaMYB-CC5 genes exhibited reduced root length under stress conditions and increased sensitivity to phosphate deficiency and drought stress. In addition, silencing the TaMYB-CC5 genes resulted in altered phosphorus content in leaves but did not lead to a reduction in phosphorus content in roots. Enrichment analysis the co-expression genes of TaMYB-CC5 transcription factors, we found the zinc-induced facilitator-like (ZIFL) genes were prominent associated with TaMYB-CC5 gene. The TaZIFL1, TaZIFL2, and TaZIFL5 genes were verified specifically expressed in roots and regulated by TaMYB-CC5 transcript factor. Our study reveals the pivotal role of the TaMYB-CC5 gene in regulating TaZIFL genes, which is crucial for maintaining normal root growth under phosphorus deficiency and drought stress, thereby enhanced resistance to these abiotic stresses in wheat.

Dysregulation of parvalbumin expression and neurotransmitter imbalance in the auditory cortex of the BTBR mouse model of autism spectrum disorder.

Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently exhibit abnormalities in auditory perception, a phenomenon potentially attributed to alterations in the excitatory and inhibitory cells constituting cortical circuits. However, the exact genetic factors and cell types affected by ASD remain unclear. The present study investigated the balance of excitatory and inhibitory activity in the auditory cortex using BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice, a well-established model for autism research. Our investigation unveiled a reduction in parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons within the AC of BTBR mice. Remarkably, in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies disclosed an elevation in glutamate (Glu) levels alongside a decrement in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in this cortical region. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis of the mouse model facilitated the classification of several ASD-associated genes based on their cellular function and pathways. By comparing autism risk genes with RNA transcriptome sequencing data from the ASD mouse model, we identified the recurrent target gene Scn1a and performed validation. Intriguingly, we uncovered the specific expression of Scn1a in cortical inhibitory neurons. These findings hold significant value for understanding the underlying neural mechanisms of abnormal sensory perception in animal models of ASD.

Ferroptosis-Related Genes in IgA Nephropathy: Screening for Potential Targets of the Mechanism.

Aims: Exploring key genes and potential molecular pathways of ferroptosis in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). Methods: The IgAN datasets and ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) were obtained in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and FerrDb database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using R software and intersected with FRGs to obtain differentially expressed FRGs (DE-FRGs). After that, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis (PEA) and Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation were performed on DE-FRGs. In the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) website, we construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The PPI network was further investigated with screening hub genes with Cytoscape software. The core genes were then subjected to gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Finally, the samples were analyzed for immune infiltration in R, and the correlation between hub genes and immune cells was analyzed. Results: A total of 347 DEGs were identified. CD44, CDO1, CYBB, IL1B, RRM2, AKR1C1, activated transcription factor-3 (ATF3), CDKN1A, GDF15, JUN, MGST1, MIOX, MT1G, NR4A1, PDK4, TNFAIP3, and ZFP36 were determined as DE-FRGs. JUN, IL1B, and ATF3 were then screened as hub genes. GSEA and immune infiltration analysis revealed that the hub genes were closely associated with immune inflammatory responses such as NOD-like receptor signaling, IL-17 signaling, and TNF signaling. Conclusions: Our results show that JUN and ATF3 are possibly critical genes in the process of IgAN ferroptosis and may be related with immune cell infiltration.

Lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccines: a new frontier in precision oncology.

The delivery of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based mRNA therapeutics has captured the attention of the vaccine research community as an innovative and versatile tool for treating a variety of human malignancies. mRNA vaccines are now in the limelight as an alternative to conventional vaccines owing to their high precision, low-cost, rapid manufacture, and superior safety profile. Multiple mRNA vaccine platforms have been developed to target several types of cancer, and many have demonstrated encouraging results in animal models and human trials. The effectiveness of these new mRNA vaccines depends on the efficacy and stability of the antigen(s) of interest generated and the reliability of their delivery to antigen-presenting cells (APCs), especially dendritic cells (DCs). In this review, we provide a detailed overview of mRNA vaccines and their delivery strategies and consider future directions and challenges in advancing and expanding this promising vaccine platform to widespread therapeutic use against cancer.