A Multifunctional Interlocked Binder with Synergistic In Situ Covalent and Hydrogen Bonding for High-Performance Si Anode in Li-ion Batteries.

Silicon has garnered significant attention as a promising anode material for high-energy density Li-ion batteries. However, Si can be easily pulverized during cycling, which results in the loss of electrical contact and ultimately shortens battery lifetime. Therefore, the Si anode binder is developed to dissipate the enormous mechanical stress of the Si anode with enhanced mechanical properties. However, the interfacial stability between the Si anode binder and Cu current collector should also be improved. Here, a multifunctional thiourea polymer network (TUPN) is proposed as the Si anode binder. The TUPN binder provides the structural integrity of the Si anode with excellent tensile strength and resilience due to the epoxy-amine and silanol-epoxy covalent cross-linking, while exhibiting high extensibility from the random coil chains with the hydrogen bonds of thiourea, oligoether, and isocyanurate moieties. Furthermore, the robust TUPN binder enhances the interfacial stability between the Si anode and current collector by forming a physical interaction. Finally, the facilitated Li-ion transport and improved electrolyte wettability are realized due to the polar oligoether, thiourea, and isocyanurate moieties, respectively. The concept of this work is to highlight providing directions for the design of polymer binders for next-generation batteries.

Determining the efficacy of 27 commercially available disinfectants against human noroviruses.

BACKGROUND: Recently, monoclonal-antibody-conjugated immunomagnetic separation (IMS) procedure combined with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) has been used for quantifying non-cultivated human noroviruses (HuNoVs). METHODS: We examined the efficacy of 27 commercially available disinfectants and a prototype against GII.4 strain HuNoV through the IMS/qRT-PCR assay. RESULTS: The average log reduction in viral titer in vitro varied among the disinfectants. The prototype was the most effective with an average log reduction of 6.86 log. CONCLUSIONS: The IMS/RT-qPCR assay is an effective method to evaluate the activities of disinfectants against GII.4 HuNoV in vitro. Further work is needed to enhance the virucidal activity of the prototype disinfectant against more resistant HuNoV strains.

Two-Step Growth of Epitaxial InP Layers by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition.

In this study, we report experimental results on the epitaxial growth of InP layer on GaAs (001) substrate by using MOCVD. We have systematically controlled nucleation steps in order to obtain InP epitaxial layers with high crystallinity quality. The controlling parameters were flow ratio of V/IIIsources and thicknesses of nucleation layer for nucleation steps. We successfully improved the surface roughness and crystallinity of IIP epitaxial layers on GaAs substrates.