The molecular conversations of sarcomas: exosomal non-coding RNAs in tumor's biology and their translational prospects.

Exosomes mediate cell-to-cell crosstalk involving a variety of biomolecules through an intricate signaling network. In recent years, the pivotal role of exosomes and their non-coding RNAs cargo in the development and progression of several cancer types clearly emerged. In particular, tumor bulk and its microenvironment co-evolve through cellular communications where these nanosized extracellular vesicles are among the most relevant actors. Knowledge about the cellular, and molecular mechanisms involved in these communications will pave the way for novel exosome-based delivery of therapeutic RNAs as well as innovative prognostic/diagnostic tools. Despite the valuable therapeutic potential and clinical relevance of exosomes, their role on sarcoma has been vaguely reported because the rarity and high heterogeneity of this type of cancer. Here, we dissected the scientific literature to unravel the multifaceted role of exosomal non-coding RNAs as mediator of cell-to-cell communications in the sarcoma subtypes.

The sexuological impact of hormonal contraceptives based on their route of administration.

Evidence on the effects of hormonal contraceptives on female sexuality is conflicting. We enrolled 556 women, divided into six groups: two composed of subjects using a combined hormonal contraceptive (COC) containing 0.020 ("COC20") and 0.030 ("COC30") mg of ethynyl estradiol (EE), "natural", using COC containing 1.5 mg of estradiol (E2), "ring", using a vaginal ring releasing each day 0.015 mg of EE + 0.120 of etonogestrel, "subcutaneous", using a progestin only subcutaneous contraceptive implant releasing etonogestrel and "controls", using no hormonal contraceptive methods. The subjects were required to answer to the McCoy female sexuality questionnaire and were subjected to a blood test for hormonal evaluation. An ultrasound evaluation of the dorsal clitoral artery was also performed. The higher McCoy sexological value were recorded in the subdermal group; significant differences were recorded among the groups in terms of hormone distribution, with the higher levels of androstenedione in subdermal and control groups. The ultrasound evaluation of dorsal clitoral artery shows a significative correlation between pulsatility and resistance indices and orgasm parameters of McCoy questionnaire. The recorded difference in the sexual and hormonal parameters among the studied hormonal contraceptives may guide toward the personalization of contraceptive choice.

Sexual life impact evaluation of different hormonal contraceptives on the basis of their methods of administration.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare sexual satisfaction with the use of three types of hormonal contraceptives. METHODS: We have evaluated the sexological profile of 23 patients, treated with a subdermal hormonal contraceptive containing 68 mg etonogestrel. We have compared this profile to that of other two groups of previously studied patients: one consisting of 26 women treated with a vaginal ring releasing 120 µg/day of etonogestrel and 15 µg/day of ethinylestradiol (EE) and one consisting of 25 women treated with an oral contraceptive containing 20 µg of EE and 150 µg of desogestrel. A further group of 25 women, not in treatment with any type of hormonal contraceptive, has been studied as control group. The Interviewer Rating of Sexual Function (IRSF) has been completed by the patients at the beginning of the study and after cycles of 3 and 6 months of contraceptive usage. RESULTS: All three types of hormonal contraceptives have increased positive indicators of patients' sexual life (sexual interest and fantasies, of orgasm number and intensity and satisfaction) and decreased negative ones (anxiousness, discomfort). CONCLUSIONS: Subdermal contraception is slower than both intravaginal and oral hormonal contraceptives in giving these effects, but is more effective after a cycle of 6 months of usage.

Counseling and management of patients requesting subcutaneous contraceptive implants: proposal for a decisional algorithm.

Despite the easy access to contraception today, the rate of unintended pregnancies is still high because of scarce education among women on the methods available and of non-adherence to indications or discontinuation of the contraceptive method chosen. Adherence to contraception can be implemented through counseling programs intended to provide potential users with information regarding all contraceptive options available and to address women's concerns in line with their lifestyle, health status, family planning, and expectations. In here, we evaluate a multi-step decisional path in contraceptive counseling, with specific focus on potential users of long-acting release contraception etonorgestrel. We propose an algorithm about the management of possible issues associated with the use of subcutaneous contraceptive implant, with a special focus on eventual changes in bleeding patterns. We hope our experience may help out health-care providers (HCPs) to provide a brief but comprehensive counseling in family planning, including non-oral routes of contraceptive hormones. Indeed, we believe that a shared and informed contraceptive choice is essential to overcome eventual side-effects and to improve compliance, rate of continuation and satisfaction, especially with novel routes of administration.