Antimicrobial properties of the edible pink oyster mushroom, Pleurotus eous: In-vivo and in-vitro studies.

In recent times, there has been a notable surge in the investigation of new antibiotic substances derived from natural origins. Pleurotus eous is an edible mushroom that has various useful bioactive substances and therapeutic properties, including antimicrobial activity. The present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of the methanolic extract of P. eous (MEPE) through in vitro method. Notably, S. aureus demonstrated the highest susceptibility to MEPE, prompting further investigation into its antibacterial mechanisms via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), membrane integrity, and permeability assays. The in-vivo antibacterial effect of MEPE against S. aureus was also assessed, including analysis of bacterial burden in organs, hematological profiles, and cytokine profiles. Detailed phytochemical analyses of MEPE were conducted using GC-MS. Results revealed MEPE's significant (p < 0.05) efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly S. aureus (77.56 ± 0.4 µg/mL and 34 ± 6.9 µg/ml in turbidometric and viable cell count assays, respectively). Moreover, membrane permeability significantly increased in 60.32 % of S. aureus isolates following treatment with MEPE. Additionally, mice receiving MEPE exhibited decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6, suggesting its potential in combating S. aureus infection in animal models.

NSD2 is a requisite subunit of the AR/FOXA1 neo-enhanceosome in promoting prostate tumorigenesis.

Androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-responsive transcription factor that drives terminal differentiation of the prostatic luminal epithelia. By contrast, in tumors originating from these cells, AR chromatin occupancy is extensively reprogrammed to activate malignant phenotypes, the molecular mechanisms of which remain unknown. Here, we show that tumor-specific AR enhancers are critically reliant on H3K36 dimethyltransferase activity of NSD2. NSD2 expression is abnormally induced in prostate cancer, where its inactivation impairs AR transactivation potential by disrupting over 65% of its cistrome. NSD2-dependent AR sites distinctively harbor the chimeric FOXA1:AR half-motif, which exclusively comprise tumor-specific AR enhancer circuitries defined from patient specimens. NSD2 inactivation also engenders increased dependency on the NSD1 paralog, and a dual NSD1/2 PROTAC degrader is preferentially cytotoxic in AR-dependent prostate cancer models. Altogether, we characterize NSD2 as an essential AR neo-enhanceosome subunit that enables its oncogenic activity, and position NSD1/2 as viable co-targets in advanced prostate cancer.

Aflatoxin exposure is associated with an increased risk of gallbladder cancer.

Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is common among the socioeconomically deprived populations of certain geographical regions. Aflatoxin is a genotoxic hepatocarcinogen, which is recognized to have a role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of aflatoxin in the pathogenesis of GBC is largely unknown. We determined serum AFB1-Lys albumin adduct (AAA) levels as a marker of aflatoxin exposure in the patients with GBC and compared to those without GBC. The relationship of AAA levels to cytogenetic (TP53mutation&HER2/neu amplification) and radiological characteristics of the tumor was assessed. We included GBC cases (n = 51) and non-GBC controls (n = 100). Mean serum AAA levels were higher in the GBC group (n = 51) than those without GBC (n = 100) (26.1 ± 12.2 vs. 13.1 ± 11.9 ng/mL; p < .001). HER2/neu expression was associated with higher AAA levels compared to those with equivocal or negative expression (43.9 ± 3 vs. 28.6 ± 10 vs. 19.3 ± 7 ng/mL; p < .001). Older age (age >50 years) (odds ratio [OR] = 3.2 [CI: 1.3-8.2]; p = .013), positive Helicobacter pylori serology (OR = 5.1 [CI: 1.4-17.8]; p = .012), presence of GS (OR = 5 [CI: 1.5-16.9]; p = .009) and detectable AAA levels (OR = 6.8 [CI: 1.3-35.7]; p = .024) were independent risk factors for the presence of the GBC among all study subjects. Among patients harboring GS, older age (age >50 years) (OR = 4.5 [CI: 1.3-14.9]; p = .015), female gender (OR = 3.8 [CI: 1.2-12.5]; p = .027), presence of multiple GS (OR = 21.9 [CI: 4.8-100.4]; p < .001) and high serum AAA levels (OR = 5.3 [CI: 1.6-17.3]; p = .006) were independent risk factors for the presence of the GBC. Elderly age >50 years (OR = 2.6 [CI: 1.3-5.2]; p = .010) and frequent peanut consumption (OR = 2.3 [CI: 1.1-4.9]; p = .030) were independent risk factors for high serum AAA levels. The current study has implications for the prevention of GBC through the reduction of dietary aflatoxin exposure.

From foes to friends: rethinking the role of lymph nodes in prostate cancer.

Clinically localized prostate cancer is often treated with radical prostatectomy combined with pelvic lymph node dissection. Data suggest that lymph node dissection does improve disease staging, but its therapeutic value has often been debated, with few studies showing that lymph node removal directly improves oncological outcomes; however, lymph nodes are an important first site of antigen recognition and immune system activation and the success of many currently used immunological therapies hinges on this dogma. Evidence, particularly in the preclinical setting, has demonstrated that the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors is dampened by the removal of tumour-draining lymph nodes. Thus, whether lymph nodes are truly 'foes' or whether they are actually 'friends' in oncological care is an important idea to discuss.

Multimodality imaging of urinary tract tuberculosis.

Imaging is a key component of diagnosis and treatment response evaluation of urinary tract tuberculosis (UT TB). Tuberculosis can have a long latency, but if found early, one may have the opportunity to prevent complications such as ureteral strictures, obstructive nephropathy, contracted (thimble) bladder, renal parenchymal destruction/calcification, and renal failure. Imaging can aid in diagnosis and differential diagnoses, evaluate the extent of disease and complications, and guide image-directed biopsy, surgical planning, and evaluation of treatment response. Imaging abnormalities in the renal parenchyma and urinary tract at different stages of the disease, lymphadenopathy, and extra-urinary tract organ involvement are suggestive of UT TB. Recent advances in imaging modalities aid in UT TB diagnosis, follow-up, and guiding treatment.

Nonpreferential Solvent Transport through an Intrinsic Cyclodextrin Pore in a Polyester Film.

We performed equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to study the transport of water and hexane solvents through cyclodextrin(CD)-based membranes (α-/ß-/γ-CD/TMC). Although it is known that water and hexane can permeate through the macrocyclic cavity, surprisingly, when it is present in the CD-based membrane (α-/ß-/γ-CD/TMC), these solvents are not permeating through the CD cavity. Interactions between membrane functional group atoms with the water and hexane suggest that these solvents primarily permeate through the polar aggregate pores formed via ester-linkage rather than the CD cavity. Our observation reveals that both solvents can permeate through the membrane; however, the hexane flux was one order of magnitude lower than water flux. Our study suggests that further work is needed to confirm the functional significance of the macrocyclic cavity in solvent permeation and the existence of Janus pathways.

A ligand-modulated photostable Mn(I)-carbonyl complex for preferential conversion of CO2 to CO in water.

A strategically designed redox-active ligand ensures proper electronic balance in an Mn(I)-carbonyl template to induce photostability and water solubility. This newly designed Mn-carbonyl complex showcased rapid CO2 reduction with preferential production of CO (faradaic efficiency ∼88%) as the only C1 product in pure water, even from a flue gas resource.

Expedited Proton Relay in Enzyme-Inspired Cobaloximes Facilitate Organic Transformations.

Developing a water-soluble, oxygen-tolerant, and acid-stable synthetic H2 production catalyst is vital for renewable energy infrastructure. To access such an effective catalyst, we strategically incorporated enzyme-inspired, multicomponent outer coordination sphere elements around the cobaloxime (Cl-Co-X) core with suitable axial coordination (X). Our cobaloximes with axial imidazole or L-histidine coordination in photocatalytic HAT including the construction of anilines via a non-canonical cross-coupling approach is found superior compared to commonly used cobaloxime catalysts. The reversible Co(II)/Co(I) process is influenced by the axial N ligand's nature. Imidazole/L-histidine with a higher pKa promptly produces H2 upon irradiation, leading to the improved reactivity compared to previously employed axial (di)chloride or pyridine analogue.

The Recent Development of Luteolin-loaded Nanocarrier in Targeting Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Luteolin (LUT), a naturally occurring flavonoid found in vegetables, fruits, and herbal medicines, has been extensively studied for its pharmacological activities, including anti-proliferative and anticancer effects on various cancer lines. It also exhibits potent antioxidant properties and pro-apoptotic activities against human cancers. However, its therapeutic potential is hindered by its poor solubility in water (5 µg/ml at 45°C) and low bioavailability. This research on the development of luteolin-loaded nanocarrier aims to overcome these limitations, thereby opening up new possibilities in cancer treatment. METHODS: This paper covers several nanoformulations studied to increase the solubility and bioavailability of LUT. The physicochemical characteristics of the nanoformulation that influence luteolin's solubility and bioavailability have been the subject of more in-depth investigation. Furthermore, it examines how LUT's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties aid in lessening the side effects of chemotherapy. RESULTS: Most nanoformulations, including phytosomes, lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, protein nanoparticles, polymer micelles, nanoemulsions, and metal nanoparticles, have shown promising results in improving the solubility and bioavailability of LUT. This is a significant step forward in enhancing the therapeutic potential of LUT in cancer treatment. Furthermore, the study found that LUT's ability to scavenge free radicals can significantly reduce the side effects of cancer treatment, further highlighting its potential to improve patient outcomes. CONCLUSION: Nanoformulations, because of their unique surface and physiochemical properties, improve the solubility and bioavailability of LUT. However, poor in-vitro and in-vivo correlation and scalability of nanoformulations need to be addressed to achieve good clinical performance of LUT in oncology.

Neuroendocrine tumor of the liver in pregnancy: A very rare case report.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the liver represent a rare entity. Amongst this group of uncommon diseases primary hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PH-NEN) represent only 0.3% of all NENs. Moreover, PH-NEN has very rarely been reported in pregnancy. We report a 28-year-old young patient with metastatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the liver complicated with pregnancy. She was evaluated and managed through a multidisciplinary team approach and received two cycles of chemotherapy with a cisplatin/etoposide regimen during the antenatal period and delivered at 37 weeks period of gestation (POG). This case highlights the importance of major challenges faced during the diagnosis and management of this very rare disease in pregnancy and the successful fetomaternal outcome.

Exploring the Labyrinth: Imaging in Systemic Vasculitis.

Systemic vasculitis is an immune-mediated group of disorders broadly classified based on the involved vessel type. It has myriad clinical presentations, adding to the challenge of timely diagnosis and management. Thus, imaging has taken center stage in the diagnosis of these disorders as there is a lack of definitive clinical diagnostic markers. Various available imaging modalities can be used for diagnosis and follow-up on these patients. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has added a new dimension to the already existing problem of vasculitis. The virus has shown great affinity for the vascular endothelium, leading to multisystem organ vasculitis. There has been a spike in vasculitis cases in the COVID-19 pandemic era, thus necessitating more research and studies in this field for a better understanding of the disease. In this review, we wish to summarize the various imaging spectrums of classical systemic vasculitis along with the new addition of COVID-19-related vasculitis to the already long list.

Mitophagy at the crossroads of cancer development: Exploring the role of mitophagy in tumor progression and therapy resistance.

Preserving a functional mitochondrial network is crucial for cellular well-being, considering the pivotal role of mitochondria in ensuring cellular survival, especially under stressful conditions. Mitophagy, the selective removal of damaged mitochondria through autophagy, plays a pivotal role in preserving cellular homeostasis by preventing the production of harmful reactive oxygen species from dysfunctional mitochondria. While the involvement of mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases has been thoroughly investigated, it is becoming increasingly evident that mitophagy plays a significant role in cancer biology. Perturbations in mitophagy pathways lead to suboptimal mitochondrial quality control, catalyzing various aspects of carcinogenesis, including establishing metabolic plasticity, stemness, metabolic reconfiguration of cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immunomodulation. While mitophagy performs a delicate balancing act at the intersection of cell survival and cell death, mounting evidence indicates that, particularly in the context of stress responses induced by cancer therapy, it predominantly promotes cell survival. Here, we showcase an overview of the current understanding of the role of mitophagy in cancer biology and its potential as a target for cancer therapy. Gaining a more comprehensive insight into the interaction between cancer therapy and mitophagy has the potential to reveal novel targets and pathways, paving the way for enhanced treatment strategies for therapy-resistant tumors in the near future.

Safety and Efficacy of 177 Lu-DOTATATE in Children and Young Adult Population : A Single-Center Experience.

PURPOSE: This single-center retrospective study explores the safety and efficacy of 177 Lu-DOTATATE in children and young adult population with metastatic/inoperable neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective analysis of all children and young adult patients (≤29 years) with advanced inoperable/metastatic epithelial or nonepithelial NETs who were administered a median of 4 cycles of 177 Lu-DOTATATE therapy and low-dose oral capecitabine as a radiosensitizer every 8-12 weeks, except 2 patients who received CAPTEM chemotherapy. The radiological response was assessed using RECIST 1.1 on interim and end-of-treatment 68 Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT. The primary endpoint was objective response rate, whereas disease control rate, toxicity profile, progression-free survival, and overall survival were secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Nineteen biopsy-proven NET patients (median age, 22 ± 10 years) with 8 of them adolescents (10-18 years) and the remaining young adults (19-29 years) were included. Fourteen patients had gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pancreas being most common primary site), whereas the rest had non-gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. A total of 65 cycles of 177 Lu-DOTATATE (range, 1-6 cycles) were administered with a median cumulative activity of 600 mCi (range, 100-1000 mCi). The objective response rate and disease control rate were 41% and 94%, respectively. Grade 1 and 2 adverse events were observed in 14 (74%) and 5 (26%) of 19 patients, respectively. In a total of 8 events (42%), 4 events each of disease progression and death occurred during a median follow-up of 80.1 months with an estimated 5-year progression-free survival and overall survival of 54% (95% confidence interval, 30-78) and 63% (95% confidence interval, 39-87), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: 177 Lu-DOTATATE appears safe and effective in children and young adults with metastatic/inoperable NETs. Large prospective trials are required to validate these results.

Deep-learning enabled ultrasound based detection of gallbladder cancer in northern India: a prospective diagnostic study.

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is highly aggressive. Diagnosis of GBC is challenging as benign gallbladder lesions can have similar imaging features. We aim to develop and validate a deep learning (DL) model for the automatic detection of GBC at abdominal ultrasound (US) and compare its diagnostic performance with that of radiologists. Methods: In this prospective study, a multiscale, second-order pooling-based DL classifier model was trained (training and validation cohorts) using the US data of patients with gallbladder lesions acquired between August 2019 and June 2021 at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and research, a tertiary care hospital in North India. The performance of the DL model to detect GBC was evaluated in a temporally independent test cohort (July 2021-September 2022) and was compared with that of two radiologists. Findings: The study included 233 patients in the training set (mean age, 48 ± (2SD) 23 years; 142 women), 59 patients in the validation set (mean age, 51.4 ± 19.2 years; 38 women), and 273 patients in the test set (mean age, 50.4 ± 22.1 years; 177 women). In the test set, the DL model had sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 92.3% (95% CI, 88.1-95.6), 74.4% (95% CI, 65.3-79.9), and 0.887 (95% CI, 0.844-0.930), respectively for detecting GBC which was comparable to both the radiologists. The DL-based approach showed high sensitivity (89.8-93%) and AUC (0.810-0.890) for detecting GBC in the presence of stones, contracted gallbladders, lesion size <10 mm, and neck lesions, which was comparable to both the radiologists (p = 0.052-0.738 for sensitivity and p = 0.061-0.745 for AUC). The sensitivity for DL-based detection of mural thickening type of GBC was significantly greater than one of the radiologists (87.8% vs. 72.8%, p = 0.012), despite a reduced specificity. Interpretation: The DL-based approach demonstrated diagnostic performance comparable to experienced radiologists in detecting GBC using US. However, multicentre studies are warranted to explore the potential of DL-based diagnosis of GBC fully. Funding: None.

Exploring the Biofilm Inhibition Potential of a Novel Phytic Acid-Crosslinked Chitosan Nanoparticle: In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations.

The primary factor underlying the virulence of Candida albicans is its capacity to form biofilms, which in turn leads to recurrent complications. Over-the-counter antifungal treatments have proven ineffective in eliminating fungal biofilms and the inflammatory cytokines produced during fungal infections. Chitosan nanoparticles offer broad and versatile therapeutic potential as both antifungal agents and carriers for antifungal drugs to combat biofilm-associated Candida infections. In our study, we endeavoured to develop chitosan nanoparticles utilising chitosan and the antifungal crosslinker phytic acid targeting C. albicans. Phytic acid, known for its potent antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties, efficiently crosslinks with chitosan. The nanoparticles were synthesised using the ionic gelation technique and subjected to analyses including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential analysis. The synthesised nanoparticles exhibited dimensions with a diameter (Dh) of 103 ± 3.9 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.33, and zeta potential (ZP) of 37 ± 2.5 mV. These nanoparticles demonstrated an antifungal effect with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 140 ± 2.2 µg/mL, maintaining cell viability at approximately 90% of the MIC value and reducing cytokine levels. Additionally, the nanoparticles reduced ergosterol content and exhibited a 62% ± 1.2 reduction in biofilm susceptibility, as supported by colony-forming unit (CFU) and XTT assays-furthermore, treatment with nanoparticles reduced exopolysaccharide production and decreased secretion of aspartyl protease by C. albicans. Our findings suggest that the synthesised nanoparticles effectively combat Candida albicans infections. In vivo studies conducted on a mouse model of vaginal candidiasis confirmed the efficacy of the nanoparticles in combating fungal infections in vivo.

Intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusion kurtosis imaging and their machine-learning-based texture analysis for detection and assessment of prostate cancer severity at 3 T.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the role of combined intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusion kurtosis imaging (IVIM-DKI) and their machine-learning-based texture analysis for the detection and assessment of severity in prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-eight patients underwent MRI on a 3 T scanner after giving informed consent. IVIM-DKI data were acquired using 13 b values (0-2000 s/mm2) and analyzed using the IVIM-DKI model with the total variation (TV) method. PCa patients were categorized into two groups: clinically insignificant prostate cancer (CISPCa) (Gleason grade ≤ 6) and clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPCa) (Gleason grade ≥ 7). One-way analysis-of-variance, t test, and receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to measure the discriminative ability to detect PCa using IVIM-DKI parameters. A chi-square test was used to select important texture features of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and IVIM-DKI parameters. These selected texture features were used in an artificial neural network for PCa detection. RESULTS: ADC and diffusion coefficient (D) were significantly lower (p < 0.001), and kurtosis (k) was significantly higher (p < 0.001), in PCa as compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and normal peripheral zone (PZ). ADC, D, and k showed high areas under the curves (AUCs) of 0.92, 0.89, and 0.88, respectively, in PCa detection. ADC and D were significantly lower (p < 0.05) as compared with CISPCa versus CSPCa. D for detecting CSPCa was high, with an AUC of 0.63. A negative correlation of ADC and D with GS (ADC, ρ = -0.33; D, ρ = -0.35, p < 0.05) and a positive correlation of k with GS (ρ = 0.22, p < 0.05) were observed. Combined IVIM-DKI texture showed high AUC of 0.83 for classification of PCa, BPH, and normal PZ. CONCLUSION: D, f, and k computed using the IVIM-DKI model with the TV method were able to differentiate PCa from BPH and normal PZ. Texture features of combined IVIM-DKI parameters showed high accuracy and AUC in PCa detection.

Harnessing the cobalt complex for bidirectional O2/H2O transformation in neutral water via electrocatalysis/photocatalysis.

Bidirectional oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts are crucial for renewable energy transduction via electrolyzers and fuel cell. Here, we present a protocol for harnessing the cobalt complex for bidirectional O2/H2O transformation in neutral water via electrocatalysis/photocatalysis. We describe steps for monitoring ORR and OER in neutral aqueous solution, measuring O2 concentration, and identifying the probable catalytic mechanism for ORR and OER. We then detail procedures for examining catalyst behavior under photocatalytic conditions in neutral aqueous surroundings. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Saini et al.1.

Contrast Enhanced CT Versus MRI for Accurate Diagnosis of Wall-thickening Type Gallbladder Cancer.

Introduction: Diagnosis of wall-thickening type gallbladder cancer (GBC) is challenging. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are commonly utilized to evaluate gallbladder wall thickening. However, there is a lack of data comparing the performance of CT and MRI for the detection of wall-thickening type GBC. Aim: We aim to compare the diagnostic accuracy of CT and MRI in diagnosis of wall-thickening type GBC. Materials and methods: This prospective study comprised consecutive patients suspected of wall-thickening type GBC who underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced CT and MRI. The final diagnosis was based on the histopathology of the resected gallbladder lesion. Two radiologists independently reviewed the characteristics of gallbladder wall thickening at CT and MRI. The association of CT and MRI findings with histological diagnosis and the interobserver agreement of CT and MRI findings were assessed. Results: Thirty-three patients (malignancy, 13 and benign, 20) were included. None of the CT findings were significantly associated with GBC. However, at MRI, heterogeneous enhancement, indistinct interface with the liver, and diffusion restriction were significantly associated with malignancy (P = 0.006, <0.001, and 0.005, respectively), and intramural cysts were significantly associated with benign lesions (P = 0.012). For all MRI findings, the interobserver agreement was substantial to perfect (kappa = 0.697-1.000). At CT, the interobserver agreement was substantial to perfect (k = 0.631-1.000). Conclusion: These findings suggest that MRI may be preferred over CT in patients with suspected wall thickening type GBC. However, larger multicenter studies must confirm our findings.

Novel Drug Delivery Approaches for the Localized Treatment of Cervical Cancer.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth leading cancer type in females globally. Being an ailment of the birth canal, primitive treatment strategies, including surgery, radiation, or laser therapy, bring along the risk of infertility, neonate mortality, premature parturition, etc. Systemic chemotherapy led to systemic toxicity. Therefore, delivering a smaller cargo of therapeutics to the local site is more beneficial in terms of efficacy as well as safety. Due to the regeneration of cervicovaginal mucus, conventional dosage forms come with the limitations of leaking, the requirement of repeated administration, and compromised vaginal retention. Therefore, these days novel strategies are being investigated with the ability to combat the limitations of conventional formulations. Novel carriers can be engineered to manipulate bioadhesive properties and sustained release patterns can be obtained thus leading to the maintenance of actives at therapeutic level locally for a longer period. Other than the purpose of CC treatment, these delivery systems also have been designed as postoperative care where a certain dose of antitumor agent will be maintained in the cervix postsurgical removal of the tumor. Herein, the most explored localized delivery systems for the treatment of CC, namely, nanofibers, nanoparticles, in situ gel, liposome, and hydrogel, have been discussed in detail. These carriers have exceptional properties that have been further modified with the aid of a wide range of polymers in order to serve the required purpose of therapeutic effect, safety, and stability. Further, the safety of these delivery systems toward vital organs has also been discussed.

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel by Praecitrullus fistulosus (tinda fruit and peel) extracts.

Metal corrosion has recently emerged as a growing concern, impacting both local and industrial operations and disrupting conventional production methods. The utilization of green inhibitors to mitigate the metal degradation has garnered extensive attention from researchers and industrial professionals due to their prominent advantages: high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. A novel ecofriendly inhibitor was prepared from Praecitrullus fistulosus (tinda fruit and peel) for mild steel (MS) corrosion in 1 M HCl. The presence of phenol, 3,5-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl)-, 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid 15-methyl-, methyl ester, 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z-), ascorbic acid, and phytol were identified as major constituent through LC/MS analysis of tinda extracts. The existence of these compounds was further confirmed through FTIR analysis, which shows the presence of various functional groups, such as -OH, CO, C-O-C, CC, and aromatic rings in the tinda extracts. Electrochemical and gravimetric analyses were used to investigate the inhibitory effect of tinda extracts. Outcomes of Tafel analysis revealed that both tinda extracts significantly reduced the corrosion current as compared to blank and achieved 83.73 % and 87.59 % inhibition efficiencies at 200 mg L-1 of tinda peel extract (TPE) and tinda fruit extract (TFE), respectively. The change in corrosion potential (Ecorr) was within an ±85 mV range compared to that of the uninhibited system, indicating that both tinda extracts demonstrated a mixed-type inhibition behavior. During adsorption studies, the best fit was obtained for the Langmuir adsorption model. The obtained values of standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°ads) for TPE and TFE lie between -20 and - 40 kJ mol-1 but close to -20 kJ mol-1, which reveals preferential physical adsorption of the extracts on the metal surface. Thermodynamic parameters, including activation energy, enthalpy, and entropy, were computed across the temperature range of 303 to 323 K, suggesting that corrosion occurs spontaneously by the endothermic process. FESEM analysis depicted that inhibited systems exhibited smooth and crack-free surfaces as compared to blank system. AFM images demonstrated that surface roughness was significantly reduced for the inhibited system. In EDX analysis, the weight percentage of Cl was reduced in the presence of tinda extracts as compared to blank, and in XRD analysis, iron chloride (FeCl2) peak did not appear in the presence of inhibitor but it was in the uninhibited system. All surface-related findings signify that tinda extracts are adsorbed on the MS surface and form a protective layer that separates the metal from the corrosive solution.