Nutritional status and physical activity of school-aged children with distinct health habits.

Obesity and sedentarism impact health and quality of life. School is a crucial environment for promoting healthy habits. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze studies on nutritional status and physical activity of school-aged children and adolescents with different lifestyles. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, and results we presented according to PICO approach. Databases consulted were "ERIC", "Web of Science", "PubMed", "Scopus", and "Scielo". The search resulted in 14 studies. Boys and girls from Adventist (SDA) schools were lighter than those from public schools. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among them was lower in relation to the general population. The quality of the diet was better in SDA students when compared non-Adventists. Students from SDA schools were less involved in harmful habits to health. Differences in lifestyle among SDA and students from other public and private schools seem to favorably affect their nutritional status. There is no difference in the practice of physical activities, but SDA students spent less hours in sedentary activities. In conclusion, results may assist the planning of interventions aiming at the role of schools in the empowerment of children in promoting their personal health.

Gamification in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This study is a narrative review aiming at evaluating the current literature of the last 5 years on gamification and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. The article search involved the following MeSH terms at PubMed: "gamification," "exergaming," and "rehabilitation." Original studies in English language were included. RECENT FINDINGS: After careful analysis of the search results, 17 articles were included in this review. The use of games for rehabilitation was investigated in musculoskeletal rehabilitation conditions such as shoulder surgery, impingement syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, low back pain, fibromyalgia, fracture, and ligament reconstruction. Results were similar or superior to conventional physical therapy or home-based exercises, with the additional benefit of improving motivation to the exercise program. Improvements in quality of life and perceived health status were also observed. The cost-effectiveness of this type of technology was also mentioned as an advantage of exergames in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Studies involving gamification in musculoskeletal rehabilitation stress the potential of this resource in several aspects of physical fitness, health, and quality of life, also improving motivation and adherence to the exercise treatment.

Swimming training attenuates the decrease of calcium responsiveness in female infarcted rats.

Aim: To evaluate the influence of swimming training on calcium responsiveness of the myocardium of rats with different infarction sizes (MI). Method: female Wistar rats, sedentary sham (SS = 14), sedentary moderate MI (SMI = 8) and sedentary large MI (SLI = 10) were compared to trained sham (TS = 16), trained moderate MI (TMI = 9) and trained large MI (TLI = 10). After 4 weeks of MI, the animals swam for 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for additional 8 weeks. Papillary muscles of the left ventricle were subjected to different concentrations of extracellular calcium. Inotropism was evaluated through the developed tension (DT), the maximum positive value of the first temporal derivation (+Td/td) and the time to peak tension (TPT). Lusitropism was evaluated by the maximum negative value of the first temporal derivation (-Td/td) and time to 50% relaxation (50%TR). Statistical significance was determined using multivariate analysis of variance and a Hotelling T2 test for the absolute power values of all four extracellular calcium concentrations (p < 0.05). Results: MI depressed inotropism (from 17% to 51%) and lusitropism (from 22% to 54%) of the sedentary rats, but exercise attenuated the losses, especially regarding + dT/dt, TPT, -dT/dt and 50%TR. Exercise attenuated the decrease in myocardial responsiveness, proportionally to the size of the MI. Conclusion: Myocardial calcium responsiveness is favorably affected in animals with moderate and large MI after swimming exercise.

Estudo comparativo dos valores de ângulo do retropé entre corredoras com sintomas no joelho e assintomáticas / Comparative study of rearfoot angle values between runners with and without knee symptoms

Introdução: As características morfológicas do pé sugerem desalinhamento dos membros inferiores, tornando praticantes de corrida mais susceptíveis a dor e lesões. Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de dor e comparar as características morfológicas dos pés e alinhamento do retropé entre corredoras com sintomas no joelho e assintomáticas. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle, exploratório com abordagem quantitativa, com 31 mulheres corredoras. A presença de dor e lesões foi avaliada por meio de um questionário padronizado. A morfologia dos pés foi realizada através da inspeção, com registros fotográficos no plano posterior e o arco longitudinal do pé foi analisado através de podometria de pressão. Os dados foram analisados pelo SPSS versão 18.0. Na comparação das médias das variáveis dos ângulos de retropé foi utilizado o teste t Student para amostras independentes, considerando o p < 0,05. Resultados: Observouse que 86% das mulheres relataram sintoma predominante no joelho (64,51%). Na análise das características morfológicas dos pés, encontrou-se predomínio do tipo rebaixado e assimetria dos retropés no grupo sintomático. Conclusão: Apenas a assimetria entre os membros e as caraterísticas morfológicas do pé apresentam associação com a presença de dor no joelho. (AU)

Introduction: The morphological characteristics of foot suggests lower limbs misalignment, making street runners more susceptible to pain. Objective: To compare the morphological characteristics of the foot and rearfoot alignment between runners with or without knee symptoms, as well as to analyze the prevalence of pain. Methods: Case-control, exploratory and quantitative approach study, with 30 female runners. The presence of pain and lesions was evaluated by a standardized questionnaire. Foot morphology was analyzed through inspection, with photographic records in the posterior plane, and the longitudinal arch of the foot was measured by pressure podometry. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0. In the comparison of the means of the variables of the hindfoot angles, the Student t test was used for independent samples, considering p < 0.05. Results: We observed that 86% of the women reported a symptom, predominant in the knee (64.51%). In the analysis of the foot morphological characteristics, we found a predominance of the recessed type and asymmetry of the symptomatic group backs. Conclusion: Asymmetry between the limbs and morphological features of the foot are associated with knee pain. (AU)

Corrigendum to "Immunocompetent Mice Model for Dengue Virus Infection".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1100/2012/525947.].

Erosive Tooth Wear and Dietary Patterns: A Clinical Study.

PURPOSE: Evidence exists which suggests that a vegetarian diet is a predisposing factor to erosive tooth wear. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of dietary pattern (vegetarian, lacto-ovo vegetarian and omnivore) on erosive tooth wear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred seven subjects (29 vegetarians, 96 lacto-ovo vegetarians and 82 omnivores) underwent an oral assessment and were asked to answer questionnaires about diet and oral care. RESULTS: Individuals who followed vegetarian and lacto-ovo vegetarian diets had statistically significantly more erosive tooth wear than did omnivores (p = 0.004). Conversely, omnivores presented more tooth loss than did lacto-ovo vegetarians (p = 0.027). Being a vegetarian or a lacto-ovo vegetarian entailed an increased risk (4 times and 2.5 times, respectively) of presenting erosive tooth wear than being omnivorous. CONCLUSION: Vegetarian and lacto-ovo vegetarian dietary patterns seem to favour the loss of dental structure by erosion. Vegetarian patients should thus be informed about preventive measures and treated accordingly.

Aerobic and resistance exercise in systemic sclerosis: State of the art.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) experience reduced exercise capacity and muscle strength compared with healthy subjects. There are also indications of reduced levels of physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To present the current knowledge of physical exercise in SSc. RESULTS: Most studies presently available [three case studies, one single subject experimental design, one study comparing patients with healthy controls, one quasi experimental design (pre-post), two clinical trials and two random controlled trials] have included small samples of patients, mostly composed of patients with and without pulmonary involvement. It seems that patients with SSc without pulmonary involvement are able to perform and benefit from aerobic exercises of at least moderate intensity. Exercise tolerance, aerobic capacity, walking distance, muscle strength and muscle function as well as health-related quality of life (HRQL) have been found to be improved after participation in programmes including aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercises. Improvements seem to be only partially retained at follow up. Patients with pulmonary involvement may also experience improved muscle strength, physical and aerobic capacity, as well as HRQL following exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SSc without pulmonary involvement can be recommended to be as physically active as the general population. Patients with mild pulmonary involvement can be recommended to be physically active by engaging in exercises of moderate intensity and to participate in moderate-load resistance exercises. Health professionals should inform patients with SSc about the importance of physical activity and avoidance of a sedentary lifestyle.