DIA-Based Phosphoproteomics Identifies Early Phosphorylation Events in Response to EGTA and Mannitol in Arabidopsis.

Osmotic stress significantly hampers plant growth and crop yields, emphasizing the need for a thorough comprehension of the underlying molecular responses. Previous research has demonstrated that osmotic stress rapidly induces calcium influx and signaling, along with the activation of a specific subset of protein kinases, notably the Raf-like protein (RAF)-sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) kinase cascades within minutes. However, the intricate interplay between calcium signaling and the activation of RAF-SnRK2 kinase cascades remains elusive. Here, in this study, we discovered that Raf-like protein (RAF) kinases undergo hyperphosphorylation in response to osmotic shocks. Intriguingly, treatment with the calcium chelator EGTA robustly activates RAF-SnRK2 cascades, mirroring the effects of osmotic treatment. Utilizing high-throughput data-independent acquisition-based phosphoproteomics, we unveiled the global impact of EGTA on protein phosphorylation. Beyond the activation of RAFs and SnRK2s, EGTA treatment also activates mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, Calcium-dependent protein kinases, and receptor-like protein kinases, etc. Through overlapping assays, we identified potential roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinases and receptor-like protein kinases in the osmotic stress-induced activation of RAF-SnRK2 cascades. Our findings illuminate the regulation of phosphorylation and cellular events by Ca2+ signaling, offering insights into the (exocellular) Ca2+ deprivation during early hyperosmolality sensing and signaling.

Effects of the elongated needling combined with routine acupuncture therapy in the patients with post-stroke hemiplegia and central pain： a randomized controlled trial. / èŠ’é’ˆé€åˆºè”åˆä½“é’ˆæ²»ç–—å¯¹ä¸­é£ŽåŽåç˜«ä¼´ä¸­æž¢æ€§ç–¼ç—›æ‚£è€ çš„ä¸´åºŠç–—æ•ˆè§‚å¯Ÿï¼šéšæœºå¯¹ç §è¯•éªŒ.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of the elongated needling at the points of hand and foot yang meridians and the Governor Vessel combined with the routine acupuncture therapy on pain, balance function and muscle strength of the patients with post-stroke hemiplegia and central post-stroke pain (CPSP), and to investigate whether its therapeutic mechanism is related to antioxidant damage. METHODS: Ninety-four patients with post-stroke hemiplegia and CPSP admitted from March 2020 to September 2021 were divided into a trial group (47 cases, 1 cases dropped out) and a control group (47 cases 3 cases dropped out). In the control group, the rehabilitation exercise combined with routine acupuncture therapy was used, and in the trial group, on the base of the treatment as the control group, the elongated needling at the points of hand and foot yang meridians and the Governor Vessel was supplemented. In the two groups, the treatment was given once daily, and 1 course of treatment was composed of 14 days, a total of 6 courses were required in the trial. Separately, before treatment, and 1, 2 and 3 months after treatment, between two groups, the score of visual analogue scale (VAS) and that of Berg balance scale (BBS), as well as muscle strength were compared；the neural function was evaluated using the national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) and the serum contents of nitricoxide synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by ELISA in the patients. RESULTS: Compared with those before treatment, VAS score and NIHSS score were all decreased (P<0.05) in the trial and the control group after 1 month, 2 months and 3 months of treatment, and BBS score was increased (P<0.05)；and the case proportion of muscle strength grade 4 and 5 was higher (P<0.05) in the trial group. In the control group, the proportion of grade 4 increased after treatment for 2 months (P<0.05), and that of grade 4 and 5 increased after treatment for 3 months (P<0.05). The serum contents of NOS and SOD were increased (P<0.05), and MDA was decreased (P<0.05) after 3 months of treatment in the two groups. In comparison with the control group at the same time point, VAS score and NIHSS score were lower (P<0.05), BBS score higher (P<0.05) and the muscle strength grade was improved (P<0.05, P<0.01) after 1, 2 and 3 months of treatment, respectively；and the serum contents of NOS and SOD increased (P<0.05), and MDA decreased (P<0.05) after 3 months of treatment in the trial group. CONCLUSIONS: The elongated needling at the points of hand and foot yang meridians and the Governor Vessel, combined with the routine acupuncture therapy alleviates CPSP, improves balance and muscle strength and promotes the recovery of neural function in the patients with post-stroke hemiplegia, the mechanism may be related to antioxidant damage.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Gobio huanghensis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in the Yellow River, China.

Gobio huanghensis, a member of the eponymous genus within the Cyprinidae, family of the Cypriniformes order, is an endemic fish species found exclusively in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, spanning from Yinchuan to Lanzhou. This study presents the first comprehensive report of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of G. huanghensis, encompassing 16,604 base pairs (bp) with a nucleotide composition of 26.3% cytosine (C), 17.6% guanine (G), 29.4% adenine (A), and 26.7% thymine (T). In congruence with other species in the Gobio genus, its mitochondrial genome comprises 37 genes, including two ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and 22 transfer RNA genes. Notably, COX1 initiates with the start codon GTG, distinct from the typical ATG start codon of other PCGs. The mitogenome exhibits four types of stop codons: TAA, TAG, TA-, and T--. Phylogenetic analyses, grounded in complete mitochondrial sequences, position G. huanghensis at the forefront of one of two major clusters within the genus Gobio, corroborating existing morphological classifications. These findings offer valuable theoretical insights for the taxonomic classification, conservation, and population genetics of G. huanghensis.

Alpha-lipoic Acid Protects Against Chronic Alcohol Consumption-induced Cardiac Damage by the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2-associated PINK/Parkin Pathway.

ABSTRACT: Chronic alcohol intake contributes to high mortality rates due to ethanol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction, which are accompanied by increased oxidative stress and disrupted mitophagy. Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA), a well-known antioxidant, has been shown to protect against cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation. However, little is known about its role and mechanism in the treatment of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Here, we evaluated the role of α-LA in alcohol-induced cardiac damage by feeding mice a 4.8% (v/v) alcohol diet with or without α-LA for 6 w. Our results suggested that chronic alcohol consumption increased mortality, blood alcohol concentrations, and serum aldehyde levels, but a-LA attenuated the elevations in mortality and aldehydes. Chronic alcohol intake also induced cardiac dysfunction, including enlarged left ventricles, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, enhanced cardiomyocyte size, and increased serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase myocardial isoenzyme. Moreover, alcohol intake led to the accumulation of collagen fiber and mitochondrial dysfunction, the effects of which were alleviated by α-LA. In addition, α-LA intake also prevented the increase in reactive oxygen species production and the decrease in mitochondrial number that were observed after alcohol consumption. Chronic alcohol exposure activated PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. These effects were diminished by α-LA intake by the activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2. Our data indicated that α-LA helps protect cardiac cells against the effects of chronic alcohol intake, likely by inhibiting PINK1/Parkin-related mitophagy through the activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2.

A rocking-chair aqueous aluminum-ion battery based on an organic/inorganic electrode.

Herein, a novel rocking-chair aqueous AIB, based on the Ni-PBA inorganic cathode and PTO organic anode, is presented. This device showed an excellent cycle life and high efficiency, endowed with a high capacity-retention of 96.0% and coulombic efficiency (CE) of over 99% at 1 A g-1 after 5000 cycles. The environmentally friendly and ultralong-life aqueous AIBs are expected to provide new options for next-generation energy storage devices.

Unrecognized diversity, genetic structuring, and phylogeography of the genus Triplophysa (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) sheds light on two opposite colonization routes during Quaternary glaciation that occurred in the Qilian Mountains.

In recent years, the influence of historical geological and climatic events on the evolution of flora and fauna in the Tibetan Plateau has been a hot research topic. The Qilian Mountain region is one of the most important sources of biodiversity on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Many species existed in the region during the Pleistocene glacial oscillation, and the complex geographical environment provided suitable conditions for the survival of local species. The shrinkage, expansion, and transfer of the distribution range and population size of species have significant effects on genetic diversity and intraspecific differentiation. To reveal the effects of geological uplift and climate oscillation on the evolution of fish populations in the Qilian Mountains, we investigated the genetic structure, phylogenetic relationship, and phylogeographical characteristics of genus Triplophysa species in the Qilian Mountains using the mitochondrial DNA gene (COI), three nuclear genes (RAG1, sRH, and Myh6) and 11 pairs of nuclear microsatellite markers. We collected 11 species of genus Triplophysa living in the Qilian Mountains, among which Triplophysa hsutschouensis and Triplophysa papillosolabiata are widely distributed in the rivers on the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains. There was a high degree of lineage differentiation among species, and the genetic diversity of endemic species was low. The different geographical groups of T. papillosolabiata presented some allogeneic adaptation and differentiation, which was closely related to the changes in the river system. Except for the population expansion event of T. hsutschouensis during the last glacial period of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (0.025 MYA), the population sizes of other plateau loach species remained stable without significant population expansion. Starting from the east and west sides of the Qilian Mountains, T. hsutschouensis, and T. papillosolabiata showed two species colonization routes in opposite directions. The geological events of the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the climatic oscillation of the Quaternary glaciation had a great influence on the genetic structure of the plateau loach in the Qilian Mountains, which promoted the genetic differentiation of the plateau loach and formed some unique new species. The results of this study have important guiding significance for fish habitat protection in the Qilian Mountains.

The Effect of Fatigue on Postural Control and Biomechanical Characteristic of Lunge in Badminton Players.

This study investigated the effects of fatigue on postural control and biomechanical characteristic of lunge. A total of twelve healthy male collegiate badminton players (21.1 ± 2.2 years; 180.8 ± 4.0 cm; 72.5 ± 8.4 kg; 8.9 ± 3.5 years of experience) performed repeating lunges until exhausted. Postural stability was evaluated through a single-leg balance test using the dominant lower limb on a pressure plate with eyes opened (EO) and eyes closed (EC). The center of pressure (CoP) sway in the entire plantar and sub-regions of the plantar was measured. Kinematic and kinetic data of lunge motion were collected. The postural control was impaired after fatigue. In plantar sub-regions, the area, displacement and distance in the medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior directions of CoP increased significantly (p < 0.05), especially the distance in ML. The medial region of the forefoot is the most sensitive to fatigue. Compared to pre-fatigue, participants experienced a significantly longer phase of pre-drive-off (p < 0.01), less peak moment and peak power of the knee and hip for drive-off (p < 0.01) and less peak moment of the ankle during braking phase (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that, within the setting of this investigation, the different responses to fatigue for CoP sway in plantar sub-regions and the consistency between postural control and biomechanical characteristic of lunge may be beneficial for developing and monitoring a training plan.

Novel qualitative and quantitative ultrasound markers to facilitate prenatal diagnosis of congenital duodenal obstruction.

OBJECTIVE: Accurate prenatal diagnosis of congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) is challenging. We aimed to determine new ultrasound metrics for accurate prenatal diagnosis of fetal CDO. METHODS: Data pertaining to 46 fetuses with suspected small intestinal obstruction (26 CDO; 16 high jejunal obstructions) were retrospectively analyzed. Prenatal ultrasonographic features including dilated intestinal length, stomach length, maximum intestinal dilatation, ratio of dilated intestinal length at late gestation and dilated stomach length (I/S ratio), and location of distal end of dilated bowel segment relative to spine were compared between CDO and high jejunal obstruction groups. The diagnostic performance of ultrasound indices was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. RESULTS: In 25 out of 26 CDO cases, the distal end of the dilated small intestine segment was located on the right side of spine, while that in the high jejunal obstruction group was located on the left side of spine. The dilated intestinal length and I/S ratio in CDO group were significantly smaller than those in high jejunal obstruction group (p < .05). Dilated intestinal length <51 mm or I/S ratio <1 showed high sensitivity (100, 100%) and specificity (96.1, 92.3%) for CDO (area under the curve: 0.995 and 0.988, respectively). There were no significant differences in the AUCs of dilated intestinal length and I/S ratio. Significant correlation of the site of obstruction in CDO with fetal dilated intestinal length and I/S ratio (r = 0.686; 0.660, p < .001, respectively) were noted. CONCLUSION: Location of the distal end of the dilated small intestine segment relative to the spine, dilated intestinal length, and I/S ratio may help differentiate fetal CDO from high jejunal obstruction. The latter two metrics were associated with the site of obstruction in CDO patients.

Paeonol protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by promoting Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion through activating the PKCε-Stat3 pathway.

INTRODUCTION: The anti-cancer medication doxorubicin (Dox) is largely restricted in clinical usage due to its significant cardiotoxicity. The only medication approved by the FDA for Dox-induced cardiotoxicity is dexrazoxane, while it may reduce the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy and is restricted for use. There is an urgent need for the development of safe and effective medicines to alleviate Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine whether Paeonol (Pae) has the ability to protect against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and if so, what are the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats and primary cardiomyocytes were used to create Dox-induced cardiotoxicity models. Pae's effects on myocardial damage, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial dynamics and signaling pathways were studied using a range of experimental methods. RESULTS: Pae enhanced Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion, restored mitochondrial function and cardiac performance both in vivo and in vitro under the Dox conditions. The protective properties of Pae were blunted when Mfn2 was knocked down or knocked out in Dox-induced cardiomyocytes and hearts respectively. Mechanistically, Pae promoted Mfn2-mediated mitochondria fusion by activating the transcription factor Stat3, which bound to the Mfn2 promoter in a direct manner and up-regulated its transcriptional expression. Furthermore, molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance and co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that Pae's direct target was PKCε, which interacted with Stat3 and enabled its phosphorylation and activation. Pae-induced Stat3 phosphorylation and Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion were inhibited when PKCε was knocked down. Furthermore, Pae did not interfere with Dox's antitumor efficacy in several tumor cells. CONCLUSION: Pae protects the heart against Dox-induced damage by stimulating mitochondrial fusion via the PKCε-Stat3-Mfn2 pathway, indicating that Pae might be a promising therapeutic therapy for Dox-induced cardiotoxicity while maintaining Dox's anticancer activity.

[Clinical and gastroscopic features of children with cyclic vomiting syndrome: an analysis of 63 cases]. / 儿童周期性呕吐综合征63例临床与胃镜分析.

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical and gastroscopic features of children with cyclic vomiting syndrome. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 63 children with cyclic vomiting syndrome who were hospitalized and followed up in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University from August 2019 to March 2022. RESULTS: Among the 63 children, there were 30 boys and 33 girls, with a mean age of 6.11 years, a mean course of disease of 2.57 years, and a mean vomiting period of 4.04 days. The most common accompanying symptom was listlessness or somnolence (55/63, 87%), followed by anorexia (45/63, 71%), abdominal pain or abdominal discomfort (40/63, 63%), constipation (19/63, 30%), salivation (12/63, 19%), nausea (11/63, 17%), headache (11/63, 17%), fever (6/63, 10%), and rash (1/63, 2%). All 63 children underwent gastroscopy, among whom 3 had no marked abnormalities, 22 (35%) had chronic superficial gastritis or chronic non-atrophic gastritis alone, and 38 (60%) had other abnormal changes aside from chronic gastritis (16 children with reflux esophagitis, 12 with bile reflux gastritis, 13 with duodenitis, 10 with erosive gastritis, and 5 with gastric or duodenal ulcer). Among the 63 children, 42 underwent pathological examinations of gastric mucosa, among whom 5 had no marked abnormalities, 34 had mild chronic gastritis, 2 had moderate chronic gastritis, and 1 had severe chronic gastritis. Among the 63 children, 15 received 24-hour dynamic esophageal pH monitoring during the interictal period, among whom 9 children were found to have pathological acid reflux. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to recurrent vomiting, most children with cyclic vomiting syndrome also have the symptoms such as somnolence or listlessness, anorexia, and abdominal pain. The main manifestation on gastroscopy is chronic gastritis, and most children may also have reflux esophagitis, bile reflux gastritis, and erosive gastritis. Mild chronic gastritis is the main pathological change of gastric mucosa.

Synthesis and Characterization of Single-Phase α-Cordierite Glass-Ceramics for LTCC Substrates from Tuff.

Single-phase α-cordierite glass-ceramics for a low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate were fabricated from tuff as the main raw material, using the non-stoichiometric formula of α-cordierite with excess MgO without adding any sintering additives. The sintering/crystallization behavior and the various performances of dielectric properties, thermal expansion, and flexural strength of the glass-ceramics were detected. The results indicated that only single-phase α-cordierite crystal was precipitated from the basic glass sintered at the range 875-950 °C, and µ-cordierite crystal was not observed during the whole sintering-crystallization process. The properties of glass-ceramics were first improved and then deteriorated with the increase in tuff content and sintering temperature. Fortunately, the glass-ceramics sintered at 900 °C with 45 wt.% tuff content possessed excellent properties: high densify (2.62 g∙cm-3), applicable flexural strength (136 MPa), low dielectric loss (0.010, at 10 MHz), low dielectric constant (5.12, at 10 MHz, close to α-cordierite), and suitable coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE, 3.89 × 10-6 K-1).

Identification of Novel Kinases of Tau Using Fluorescence Complementation Mass Spectrometry (FCMS).

Hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Understanding the protein kinases that phosphorylate Tau is critical for the development of new drugs that target Tau phosphorylation. At present, the repertoire of the Tau kinases remains incomplete, and methods to uncover novel upstream protein kinases are still limited. Here, we apply our newly developed proteomic strategy, fluorescence complementation mass spectrometry, to identify novel kinase candidates of Tau. By constructing Tau- and kinase-fluorescent fragment library, we detected 59 Tau-associated kinases, including 23 known kinases of Tau and 36 novel candidate kinases. In the validation phase using in vitro phosphorylation, among 15 candidate kinases we attempted to purify and test, four candidate kinases, OXSR1 (oxidative-stress responsive gene 1), DAPK2 (death-associated protein kinase 2), CSK (C-terminal SRC kinase), and ZAP70 (zeta chain of T-cell receptor-associated protein kinase 70), displayed the ability to phosphorylate Tau in time-course experiments. Furthermore, coexpression of these four kinases along with Tau increased the phosphorylation of Tau in human neuroglioma H4 cells. We demonstrate that fluorescence complementation mass spectrometry is a powerful proteomic strategy to systematically identify potential kinases that can phosphorylate Tau in cells. Our discovery of new candidate kinases of Tau can present new opportunities for developing Alzheimer's disease therapeutic strategies.

Changes in root chemical diversity along an elevation gradient of Changbai Mountain, China.

Root chemical traits play a critical role in plant resource use strategies and ecosystem nutrient cycling; however, the chemical diversity of multiple elements of fine root and community chemical assembly belowground are poorly understood. Here, we measured 13 elements (C, N, K, Ca, Mg, S, P, Al, Fe, Na, Mn, Zn, and Cu) in the fine roots of 204 plant species along elevational transect from 540 to 2357 m of Changbai Mountain, China to explore the variation, diversity, and community assembly of root chemical traits. At the species level, the concentrations of macronutrients (N, K, Ca, Mg, S, and P) decreased, whereas the trace metals (Fe, Mn, and Zn) increased with elevation. Root chemical traits at the community level systematically shifted along elevational gradients showing a pattern similar to that at the species level, which were mainly influenced by climate and soil rather than species diversity. In general, the interactions of climate and soil were the main drivers of root chemical assembly for woody layers, whereas soil factors played significant role for root chemical assembly for herb layer. The chemical assembly of rock-derived element P was mainly driven by soil factors. Meanwhile, root chemical diversities were mainly regulated by species diversity, the interactions of climate and soil, and soil factors in the tree, shrub, and herb layers, respectively. A better understanding of plant root chemical diversity and community chemical assembly will help to reveal the role of chemical traits in ecosystem functioning.

Toward n-Alkane Hydroisomerization Reactions: High-Performance Pt-Al2O3/SAPO-11 Single-Atom Catalysts with Nanoscale Separated Metal-Acid Centers and Ultralow Platinum Content.

Long-chain n-alkane hydroisomerization reaction plays a vital role in petrochemical and coal chemical industries, which could produce high-quality hydrocarbon fuels and lubricant base oils for modern transportation and mechanical drive. However, minimizing precious metal usage while maintaining the catalyst performance remains a great challenge. Herein, a novel bifunctional catalyst toward n-alkane hydroisomerization reactions, Pt-Al2O3/SAPO-11 (Pt-A/S11) featuring nanoscale separated metal-acid active centers has been synthesized via a simple two-step procedure. In detail, Pt species was first loaded on the nanometer-sized alumina matrices through an incipient wetness impregnation method and then mixed with SAPO-11 molecular sieve to form the composite catalyst. Importantly, 0.015Pt-A/S11 catalyst with the ever-reported lowest Pt loading amount of 0.015 wt % exhibits an extraordinarily high isomer yield of 85.8% compared to previous published results and the traditional Pt-SAPO-11/Al2O3 (Pt-S11/A) catalyst accompanying with the direct contact between metal and acid sites (65.6%). It has been confirmed that the Pt species in 0.015Pt-A/S11 samples exist in single-atom form, leading to an excellent hydroisomerization performance. The possible reaction processes have been discussed to elucidate the exemplary catalytic performance of the synthesized Pt-A/S11 catalysts with nanoscale intimacy of metal-acid sites.

Low molecular weight protein phosphatase APH mediates tyrosine dephosphorylation and ABA response in Arabidopsis.

Low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LWM-PTP), also known as acid phosphatase, is a highly conserved tyrosine phosphatase in living organisms. However, the function of LWM-PTP homolog has not been reported yet in plants. Here, we revealed a homolog of acid phosphatase, APH, in Arabidopsis plants, is a functional protein tyrosine phosphatase. The aph mutants are hyposensitive to ABA in post-germination growth. We performed an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody-based quantitative phosphoproteomics in wild-type and aph mutant and identified hundreds of putative targets of APH, including multiple splicing factors and other transcriptional regulators. Consistently, RNA-seq analysis revealed that the expression of ABA-highly-responsive genes is suppressed in aph mutants. Thus, APH regulates the ABA-responsive gene expressions by regulating the tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple splicing factors and other post-transcriptional regulators. We also revealed that Tyr383 in RAF9, a member of B2 and B3 RAF kinases that phosphorylate and activate SnRK2s in the ABA signaling pathway, is a direct target site of APH. Phosphorylation of Tyr383 is essential for RAF9 activity. Our results uncovered a crucial function of APH in ABA-induced tyrosine phosphorylation in Arabidopsis. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44154-022-00041-6.

An Empirical Study on the Factors Influencing the Number of Fans of Female-Oriented Accounts on Chinese Tik Tok.

This paper selects 500 samples through a recommendation algorithm and, on the basis of content analysis, examines the factors that affect the number of fans of female-oriented accounts on Chinese TikTok in terms of intrinsic attributes, surface form, and deep content. The results show that in order to increase the number of fans of female-oriented accounts on Chinese TikTok, there are four variables of the intrinsic attribute with statistically significant differences, 13 variables of the surface form with statistically significant differences, and 9 variables of the deep content with statistically significant differences. Beauty-related content is not the best means to attract fans. It requires TikTok creators to get rid of stereotyped and conceptual female impressions, display the rich social roles of women, and build true, complete, and harmonious female images in innovative ways in accordance with the humanistic communication concept.

MOF-derived RuCoP nanoparticles-embedded nitrogen-doped polyhedron carbon composite for enhanced water splitting in alkaline media.

Water splitting is considered as a promising candidate for renewable and sustainable energy systems, while developing efficient, inexpensive and robust bifunctional electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) still remains a challenge. Herein, the well-designed RuCoP nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen-doped polyhedron carbon (RuCoP@CN) composite is fabricated by in-situ carbonization of Co based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) and phosphorization. Ru-substituted phosphate is proved to be imperative for the electrochemical activity and stability of individual catalysts, which can efficiently yield the active electronic states and promote the intrinsic OER and HER activity. As a result, a current density of 10 mA cm-2 is achieved at a cell voltage as low as 1.60 V when the RuCoP@CN electrocatalyst applied for the overall water splitting, which is superior to the reported RuO2 and Pt/C couple electrode (1.64 V). The density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the introduction of Ru and P atoms increase the electronic states of Co d-orbital near the Fermi level, decreasing the free energy of the hydrogen adsorption and H2O dissociation for HER and the rate-limiting step for OER in alkaline media.