Empowering Nursing Students to Adopt and Embody Strengths-Based Nursing and Healthcare.

This paper presents an international academic partnership in teaching and research with two case studies. The cases explore the integration of Strengths-Based Nursing and Healthcare (SBNH) and SBNH-Leadership (SBNH-L) in nursing science programs. SBNH values and foundations were integrated within an undergraduate-level community health course in Canada and SBNH-L was introduced into a graduate-level program in Brazil. Both cases comprise active learning activities promoting the uptake of the values and foundations of SBNH and the capacity to identify strengths and innate capacities. This paper synthesizes the issues and provides recommendations to enhance teaching-learning strategies to support SBNH adoption by students to support the humanization of healthcare. International partnerships in education and research and facilitating factors are discussed.

Strengths-based Nursing and Healthcare in maternities: rethinking practices and continuity of care.

OBJECTIVE: To identify elements of the Strengths-Based Nursing and Healthcare in the maternity nurses care practice in a perspective of continuity of care. METHOD: Qualitative exploratory-descriptive study. A focus group was used for data collection, seven meetings were held with 18 nurses between August 2019 and January 2020, starting from a priori categories: "problem-based nursing care" and "strengths-based nursing and healthcare". RESULTS: In the first category, nurses' care is centered on problems identified in women; they keep a hierarchical relationship and a prescriptive posture based on a biomedical model. In the second category, care is focused on singularity, empowerment, self-determination, learning, collaborative partnership, and promotion of women's health, based on a holistic nursing model. CONCLUSION: Although nurses use the biomedical model in their care practice, many of them already use the framework elements empirically. Applying this theoretical framework allows nurses to shift the focus of their attention from the disease to the person/family, promoting health and the continuity of care in a holistic way.

Strengths-based nursing and healthcare: percepção de mulheres em uma maternidade de risco habitual / Strengths-based nursing and healthcare: perception of women in a usual risk maternity hospital / Strengths-based nursing and healthcare: percepción de las mujeres en una maternidad de riesgo habitual

RESUMO Objetivo: apresentar a percepção das mulheres hospitalizadas em uma maternidade em relação aos cuidados de enfermagem recebidos, tendo como respaldo referencial teórico Strengths-Based Nursing and Healthcare, de Laurie Gottlieb. Método: estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. Foram entrevistadas 20 puérperas hospitalizadas no período de novembro a dezembro de 2019, em uma maternidade de risco habitual em Curitiba-PR, Brasil. Os dados foram transcritos e categorizados, utilizando software MaxQDA®2020, sendo realizada a análise de conteúdo, segundo os passos de Creswell. Resultados: foram estabelecidas duas categorias: "ausência de elementos do referencial teórico"; e "presença de elementos do referencial teórico". Conclusão: o referencial teórico foi percebido pelas mulheres nos cuidados recebidos; estas se beneficiaram com este modelo, compreendendo o seu papel ativo no processo de parturição. Desenvolver este referencial teórico nas maternidades de risco habitual e em outras realidades assistenciais é uma janela de oportunidades para o desenvolvimento do trabalho dos enfermeiros.

ABSTRACT Objective: to present the perception of women hospitalized in a maternity hospital regarding the nursing care received, with the theoretical reference Strengths-Based Nursing and Healthcare, by Laurie Gottlieb. Method: exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Twenty puerperal women hospitalized in the period from November to December 2019, in a usual risk maternity hospital in Curitiba-PR, Brazil, were interviewed. Data were transcribed and categorized, using MaxQDA®2020 software, and content analysis was performed, according to Creswell's steps. Results: two categories were established: "absence of elements of the theoretical framework"; and "presence of elements of the theoretical framework". Conclusion: the theoretical framework was perceived by women in the care they received; they benefited from this model, understanding their active role in the delivery process. Developing this theoretical framework in usual-risk maternity hospitals and in other care realities is a window of opportunity for the development of nurses' work.

RESUMEN Objetivo: presentar la percepción de las mujeres hospitalizadas en una maternidad sobre los cuidados de enfermería recibidos, con la referencia teórica Strengths-Based Nursing and Healthcare, de Laurie Gottlieb. Método: estudio exploratorio de enfoque cualitativo. Fueron entrevistadas 20 puérperas hospitalizadas en el período de noviembre a diciembre de 2019, en una maternidad de riesgo habitual en Curitiba-PR, Brasil. Los datos se transcribieron y categorizaron, utilizando el software MaxQDA®2020, y se realizó un análisis de contenido, según los pasos de Creswell. Resultados: se establecieron dos categorías: "ausencia de elementos del marco teórico"; y "presencia de elementos del marco teórico". Conclusión: el marco teórico fue percibido por las mujeres en la atención recibida; ellas se beneficiaron de este modelo, comprendiendo su papel activo en el proceso de parto. El desarrollo de este marco teórico en las maternidades de riesgo habitual y en otras realidades asistenciales es una ventana de oportunidad para el desarrollo del trabajo de las enfermeras.

Strengths-based Nursing and Healthcare in maternities: rethinking practices and continuity of care / Strenghts-based Nursing and Healthcare en maternidade: repensando las práticas y la continuidade del cuidado / Strenghts-based Nursing and Healthcare em maternidade: repensando as práticas e a continuidade do cuidado

Abstract Objective: To identify elements of the Strengths-Based Nursing and Healthcare in the maternity nurses care practice in a perspective of continuity of care. Method: Qualitative exploratory-descriptive study. A focus group was used for data collection, seven meetings were held with 18 nurses between August 2019 and January 2020, starting from a priori categories: "problem-based nursing care" and "strengths-based nursing and healthcare". Results: In the first category, nurses' care is centered on problems identified in women; they keep a hierarchical relationship and a prescriptive posture based on a biomedical model. In the second category, care is focused on singularity, empowerment, self-determination, learning, collaborative partnership, and promotion of women's health, based on a holistic nursing model. Conclusion: Although nurses use the biomedical model in their care practice, many of them already use the framework elements empirically. Applying this theoretical framework allows nurses to shift the focus of their attention from the disease to the person/family, promoting health and the continuity of care in a holistic way.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar na prática assistencial dos enfermeiros da maternidade elementos do "Strenghts-Based Nursing and Healthcare", em uma perspectiva de continuidade do cuidado. Método: Estudo exploratório-descritivo qualitativo. Utilizou grupo focal para coleta de dados, foram realizados sete encontros com 18 enfermeiros entre agosto de 2019 e janeiro de 2020, partindo-se de categorias a priori: "o cuidado de enfermagem baseado nos problemas" e "cuidado de enfermagem baseado no Strenghts-Based Nursing and Healthcare". Resultados: Na primeira categoria, os enfermeiros cuidam centrados nos problemas identificados nas mulheres; mantêm relação hierárquica e postura prescritiva assente num modelo biomédico. Na segunda categoria, os cuidados centram-se na singularidade, empoderamento, autodeterminação, aprendizagem, parceria colaborativa e promoção da saúde da mulher, assente num modelo de enfermagem holístico. Conclusão: Apesar de o modelo biomédico ser utilizado na prática assistencial dos enfermeiros, muitos deles já utilizam empiricamente os elementos do referencial. Aplicar esse referencial teórico permite aos enfermeiros deslocar o foco de sua atenção da doença para a pessoa/família, promover a saúde e a continuidade dos cuidados de forma holística.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar en la práctica asistencial de los enfermeros de la maternidad elementos del "Strenghts-Based Nursing and Healthcare", en una perspectiva de continuidad del cuidado. Método: Estudio exploratorio-descriptivo cualitativo. Se utilizó grupo focal para la recolección de datos, fueron realizados siete encuentros con 18 enfermeros entre agosto de 2019 y enero de 2020, iniciando con categorías a priori: "el cuidado de enfermería basado en los problemas y "cuidado de enfermería basado en el Strenghts-Based Nursing and Healthcare". Resultados: En la primera categoría los enfermeros cuidan y se fundamentan en los problemas identificados en las mujeres; mantienen relación jerárquica y postura prescriptiva siguiendo un modelo biomédico. En la segunda categoría, los cuidados se concentran en la singularidad, empoderamiento, autodeterminación, aprendizaje, colaboración y promoción de la salud de la mujer, basada en un modelo de enfermería holístico. Conclusión: A pesar del modelo biomédico ser utilizado en la práctica asistencial de los enfermeros, muchos de ellos ya utilizan empíricamente los elementos del referencial. Aplicarlo permite a los enfermeros cambiar el enfoque de su atención de la enfermedad a la persona/familia, promoción de la salud y la continuidad de los cuidados de forma holística.

Psychometric properties of the suffering assessment questionnaire in adults with chronic diseases or life-threatening illness.

BACKGROUND: Suffering has been considered by many authors to be a difficult concept to assess and measure, as it is subjective and unique. However, to guide the diagnosis and decision-making of healthcare professionals, it is important to develop an instrument that differentiates the different suffering dimensions, namely, intra- and interpersonal suffering, awareness of suffering and spiritual suffering. AIM: The aim of this study was thus to design and validate an instrument for the assessment of the dimensions of suffering in adult patients with chronic diseases or life-threatening illnesses. METHOD: A methodological study was developed. The data were collected from two self-help organisations and a palliative care unit. The theoretical model was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The study sample consisted of 251 patients with chronic diseases or life-threatening illnesses. The Sense of Coherence Scale, the Spiritual Assessment Scale and the Suffering Assessment Questionnaire in Adults with Chronic Diseases or Life-Threatening Illness (SAQ) were applied to each participant and were later returned for analysis. RESULTS: An SAQ version with 12 items showed adequate psychometric characteristics of validity and internal consistency after being adapted to a four-dimensional structure that assesses the four dimensions of suffering. CONCLUSION: The results of confirmatory analysis indicated a good model fit that suggested that the advocated theoretical model is plausible.

A generalized resistance resource: faith. A nursing view.

Based on Aaron Antonovsky's salutogenic model, the authors of this article aim to analyze the term Faith as a Generalized Resistance Resource (GRR) of people's health and to delve the relevance of this construct to clinical practice in Nursing. The authors consider that, in order for nurses to intervene in the promotion of faith so as to bring health benefits to people, a solid educational training in this subject area is required by nursing students.

O papel da fé na promoção da saúde em pacientes com esclerose múltipla / The role of faith in health promotion in patients with Multiple Sclerosis / El papel de la fe en la promoción de la salud de pacientes com Esclerosis Múltiple

Objetivo: Compreender a percepção que as pessoas com Esclerose Múltipla (EM) têm em relação ao seu sofrimento pessoal e se a fé é um recurso interno que utilizam para diminuir o sofrimento. Métodos: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, centralizada nos temas sofrimento, fé e sentido de coerência (SOC), a partir de entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram do estudo 15 pacientes com EM pertencentes à uma associação de apoio ao doente com EM (Portugal). As entrevistas decorreram de setembro a outubro de 2015, em local previamente acordado com os entrevistados. Para a categorização dos dados que resultaram das entrevistas, partiu-se de temas estabelecidos a priori. Utilizou-se como fundamentação teórico-metodológica a hermenêutica na análise temática da fala dos participantes. Resultados: No tema sofrimento, as categorias permitem compreender o impacto do sofrimento nos doentes com EM. No tema fé, as categorias permitem compreender que, perante os eventos estressores da EM, as crenças, as práticas espirituais e religiosas podem auxiliar os pacientes a enfrentarem os desafios que se apresentam no seu continuum saúde-doença. No tema sentido de coerência (SOC), as categorias permitem perceber que o SOC nestes pacientes é adquirido quando desenvolvem a capacidade de identificar, mobilizar e utilizar recursos no enfrentamento e alívio do seu sofrimento, sendo a fé um deles. Conclusão: A fé enquanto recurso geral de resistência da pessoa com EM, quando mobilizada para enfrentar a doença, contribui para a aquisição de um SOC que permite ganhos em saúde para estes pacientes, devendo ser um recurso oferecido aos pacientes pelos profissionais de saúde.

Objective: To understand the perception that people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have of their personal suffering and to verify whether faith is an internal resource used by them to lessen their suffering. Methods: Study with qualitative approach, centered on the themes - suffering, faith and sense of coherence (SOC), by using semi-structured interview. The study included 15 patients with MS belonging to a support association for MS patients (Portugal). The interviews took place from September to October 2015, in a place previously agreed with the interviewees. For categorization of the data obtained through the interviews, themes previously established were adopted. Hermeneutics was used as theoretical and methodological basis in the thematic analysis of the participants' discourse. Results: On the theme suffering, the categories allow to understand the impact of suffering on patients with MS. On the theme faith, the categories allow to understand that, in the presence of the MS stressor events, beliefs, spiritual and religious practices can help patients meet the challenges that arise in their health-disease continuum. On the theme sense of coherence (SOC), the categories allow to realize that the SOC in these patients is acquired when they develop the ability to identify, mobilize and use resources in the confrontation of and relief from their suffering, with faith representing one of those. Conclusion: Faith, as a general resistance resource for the person with MS, when mobilized to tackle the disease, provides the acquisition of a SOC that allows these patients to achieve positive health outcomes, and should be a resource offered by the health professionals.

Objetivo: Comprender la percepción de las personas com Esclerosis Múltiple (EM) respecto su sufrimiento personal y si la fe es un recurso interno utilizado para disminuir el sufrimiento. Métodos: Estudio de abordaje cualitativo centrado en los temas sufrimiento, fe y sentido de coherencia (SOC) a partir de la entrevista semiestructurada. Participaron del estudio 15 pacientes con EM de una asociación de apoyo al enfermo com EM (Portugal). Las entrevistas se dieron entre septiembre y octubre de 2015 en un sitio de acuerdo a los entrevistados. La categorización de los datos de las entrevistas se ha iniciado a partir de temas establecidos a priori. Se utilizó la hermenêutica como fundamentación teórico-metodológico para el análisis temático de las hablas de los participantes. Resultados: En el tema sufrimiento, las categorías permiten comprender el impacto del sufrimiento en los enfermos con EM. En el tema fe, las categorias permiten comprender que, mediante los eventos de estrés para la EM, las creencias, las prácticas espirituales y religiosas pueden auxiliar a los pacientes a afrontar los desafíos que se presentan en su continuum salud-enfermedad. En el tema sentido de coherencia (SOC) las categorías permiten percibir que el SOC em eses pacientes es adquirido cuando desarrollan la capacidad de identificar, movilizar y utilizar recursos para el afrontamiento y alivio de su sufrimiento, siendo la fe uno de ellos. Conclusión: La fe en cuanto un recurso general de resistencia de la persona com EM, cuando movilizada para afrontar la enfermedad contribuye para la adquisición de un SOC que permite ganancias en salud para eses pacientes y debe ser un recurso ofrecido a los pacientes por los profesionales sanitarios.