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1.
Public Health ; 218: 33-38, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36963366

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: E-cigarettes have increased steadily among reproductive-aged women, despite our limited understanding of their effect on reproductive health. This study examined the associations of e-cigarette, cigarette, and dual use with disability in reproductive-aged women. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Data for this study were obtained from reproductive-aged women (18-44 years; n = 24,904) from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations of tobacco use patterns (dependent variable, i.e. non-use, current e-cigarette use, current cigarette use, and current dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes) with overall disability and the type of disability (independent variables). RESULTS: Among women who reported any disability, 70.6%, 8.7%, 11.4% and 9.3% reported non-use, e-cigarette, cigarette, and dual use, respectively. In adjusted analysis, relative to non-use, women who reported any disability had higher odds of e-cigarette (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-3.07), cigarette (aOR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.12-2.25), and dual use (aOR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.55-3.62) compared with women without disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study found higher odds of current e-cigarette use, cigarette use, and dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among women of reproductive age with ≥1 disability. Improved screening for the use of nicotine products among women of reproductive age with disabilities may be necessary to lessen the use of nicotine products in this vulnerable population.


Assuntos
Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina , Produtos do Tabaco , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Nicotina , Estudos Transversais , Uso de Tabaco/epidemiologia
2.
West Afr J Med ; 39(5): 486-496, 2022 May 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35633628

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Due to the health consequences and economic losses associated with tobacco, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, a worldwide effort to control the effects of tobacco smoking on human health enacted a set of policies to curb tobacco use. Smoking cessation services aim to ensure that every patient is screened for tobacco use, their tobacco use status is documented, and patients who use tobacco are advised to quit. Dental health professionals are strategically positioned to reach many tobacco users and this proposal provides a simple framework whereby dentistry could play a major role in smoking cessation efforts. INTERVENTIONS: Strategies for incorporating Cessation Services into Oral Health Care Delivery include the School Oral Health programs through Public Health Dentistry, updating the Dental School Curriculum through dental education regarding tobacco use prevention and cessation; including Tobacco Treatment Specialists certification in Postgraduate Curriculum for Dental Public Health; Continuing Medical Education (CME) focused on cessation services for dental personnel; Clinical Smoking Cessation Interventions in Dental settings; Compensation of Dental personnel for tobacco use prevention and cessation services; and ongoing research, evaluation and monitoring. CONCLUSION: Incorporation of these evidence-based treatments into dental practice would result in more individuals achieving long-term abstinence and thus reduce tobacco-related death, disease, and economic loss worldwide.


CONTEXTE: En raison des conséquences sanitaires et économiques pertes associées au tabac, la Convention-cadre de l'OMS sur la lutte antitabac, un effort mondial pour contrôler les effets du tabagisme du tabac pour la santé humaine a adopté un ensemble de politiques visant à lutter contre le usage du tabagisme. Les services du sevrage de tabagique visent à s'assurer que chaque patient est examiné pour l'usage du tabagisme, leur statut tabagique est documenté;il est conseillé aux patients qui consomment du tabac d'arrêter. Santé dentaireles professionnels sont stratégiquement positionnés pour atteindre de nombreux consommateurs de tabac et cette proposition fournit un cadre simple par lequel la dentisterie pourrait jouer un rôle majeur dans les efforts de sevrage tabagique. INTERVENTIONS: Stratégies d'intégration des services de renoncement au tabac dans la prestation de soins buccodentaires comprennent la santé buccodentaire à l'écoleprogrammes par l'entremise de la dentisterie de santé publique, mise à jour de l'École dentaireProgramme d'études par l'enseignement dentaire concernant la prévention du tabagisme et la cessation; y compris la certification des spécialistes du traitement du tabac dans le programme d'études supérieures en santé publique dentaire; Continuel Formation médicale (FMC) axée sur les services de renoncement pour les soins dentaires le personnel; Interventions cliniques de sevrage tabagique en milieu dentaire;Rémunération du personnel dentaire pour la prévention du tabagisme et les services de renoncement; et la recherche, l'évaluation et le suivi continus. CONCLUSION: Intégration de ces traitements fondés sur des données probantes dans la pratique dentaire permettrait à un plus grand nombre de personnes d'atteindre un objectif à long terme l'abstinence et ainsi réduire les décès, les maladies liés au tabac etperte économique dans le monde entier. Mots-clés: Dépendance; Cigarettes; Dentisterie; Tabac; Tabagique.


Assuntos
Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Abandono do Uso de Tabaco , Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Políticas , Instituições Acadêmicas
3.
West Afr J Med ; 39(4): 399-406, 2022 Apr 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35490360

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The transport sector is a male-dominated, sedentary, accident-prone occupation with limited opportunities for healthy meals and exercise breaks. Since stress is a recognized risk factor in the development of addiction and addiction relapse susceptibility, we explored relationship between stress perception and self-reported lifestyles with Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) among long distance Bus Drivers in Lagos State. METHODS: 200 randomly enlisted commercial drivers from bus terminals in Lagos State were interviewed face-to-face using a validated structured questionnaire. Perceived stress was assessed using the perceived stress scale while health-related quality of life was assessed with the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Combined scores from the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and some lifestyle indicators (tobacco smoking, cannabis use, alcohol consumption, low fruit and vegetable consumption, sleep pattern and prolonged sitting) on HRQOL (SF-12) was assessed by multivariable regression analysis controlling for covariates including age, marital status, education status, income level and chronic illness. RESULTS: Prevalence of high perceived stress was 62%; 36% were moderate or heavy drinkers (2-4 drinks daily) while 30% were heavy smokers (>11 cigarettes per day); 49% used cannabis of which 20% of them had daily use. The mean scores for physical and mental components for SF-12 were 45.2 ±7.5 and 49.8 ±8.2 respectively. In the bivariate association between socio-demographic characteristics, perceived stress and HRQOL, educational status was significantly associated with perceived stress and the physical component of SF-12. In contrast, income was significantly associated with the mental component of SF-12. In the bivariate analysis and also in the multivariable regression analysis, perceived stress was significantly higher among those with harmful lifestyles: poor diet (OR: 1.42), alcohol consumption (OR: 1.86), heavy smoking (OR: 1.66), daily cannabis use (OR: 1.49) and sedentary lifestyle (OR: 1.45). After controlling for socio-demographic and clinical variables, perceived stress and harmful lifestyles were statistically significant predictor for poor quality of life (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of perceived stress and a high rate of addiction, with negative impacts on quality of life were observed among our study cohort. Since 75% of Nigerians depend on the public buses driven by these hassled drivers, it is imperative that organized strategies are instituted to encourage lifestyle modification and ameliorate the effect of stress on the HRQOL of bus drivers in Nigeria. CONTEXTE: Le secteur des transports est dominé par les hommes,une profession sédentaire et sujette aux accidents avec des possibilités limitées dedes repas sains et des pauses d'exercice. Puisque le stress est un risque reconnufacteur dans le développement de la dépendance et la rechute de la dépendancesusceptibilité, nous avons exploré la relation entre la perception du stresset les modes de vie autodéclarés avec une qualité de vie liée à la santé(HRQOL) parmi les chauffeurs de bus longue distance dans l'État de Lagos. MÉTHODES: 200 chauffeurs commerciaux enrôlés au hasard dans un busles terminaux de l'État de Lagos ont été interrogés en face à face à l'aide d'unquestionnaire structuré. Le stress perçu a été évalué à l'aide de l'échelle de stress perçu pendant que la qualité de vie liée à la santé a été évaluée avec l'Enquête abrégée sur la santé (SF-12). Scores combinés de l'échelle de stress perçu (SPS) à 10 éléments et certains indicateurs de style de vie(tabagisme, consommation de cannabis, consommation d'alcool, faible teneur en fruits etconsommation de légumes, rythme de sommeil et position assise prolongée) surHrQOL (SF-12) a été évalué par une analyse de régression multivariablecontrôle des covariables, y compris l'âge, l'état matrimonial, le niveau de scolaritéle statut, le niveau de revenu et la maladie chronique. RÉSULTATS: La prévalence du stress perçu élevé était de 62 %; 36 % étaient buveurs modérés ou excessifs (2 à 4 verres par jour) tandis que 30% étaient grosfumeurs (>11 cigarettes par jour); 49 % consommaient du cannabis dont 20 % d'entre eux avaient une utilisation quotidienne. Les scores moyens pour le physique et le mentalles composantes du SF-12 étaient respectivement de 45.2 ±7.5 et 49.8 ±8.2. Dans l'association bivariée entre les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, le stress perçu et la QVLS, le statut scolaire était significativement associé au stress perçu et à la composante physique de la SF-12. En revanche, le revenu était significativement associé à la composant de SF-12. Dans l'analyse bivariée et aussi dans l'analyse de régression multivariable, le stress perçu était significativement plus élevé chez les personnes ayant des modes de vie nocifs: mauvaise alimentation (OR: 1.42),consommation d'alcool (RC : 1.86), tabagisme excessif (RC : 1.66), tous les jours la consommation de cannabis (RC : 1.49) et le mode de vie sédentaire (RC: 1.45). Après contrôle des variables socio démographiques et cliniques perçues le stress et les modes de vie nocifs étaient des prédicteurs statistiquement significatifs pour mauvaise qualité de vie (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: Une forte prévalence du stress perçu et un taux élevé de la toxicomanie, avec des impacts négatifs sur la qualité de vie ont été observésparmi notre cohorte d'étude. Depuis 75% des Nigérians dépendent du public bus conduits par ces chauffeurs harcelés, il est impératif que organize des stratégies sont mises en place pour encourager la modification du mode de vie et améliorer l'effet du stress sur la QVLS des chauffeurs de bus au Nigeria. Mots-clés: Alcool; Cigarettes; Qualité de vie liée à la santé; Stress perçu; Tabac.


Assuntos
Estilo de Vida , Qualidade de Vida , Hábitos , Humanos , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Percepção
4.
West Afr J Med ; 39(1): 83-89, 2022 Jan 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35167198

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated the role of sputum as a site of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2) transmission. However, there is limited literature on the virucidal efficacy of oral antiseptics against SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study investigated the virucidal efficacy of three oral-antiseptics compared to a placebo-control in the sputum of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. METHODOLOGY: A pilot study of adults with SARS-CoV-2 positive results, as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of <7 days. The oral antiseptics investigated were: Hexetidine (0.1% w/v); Thymol (0.063% w/v) and H2O2(1.5%) compared to de-mineralized sterile water (Placebo-control). The primary outcome measure was the proportion of negative RT-PCR results at 15-mins, 30-mins, 1-hour, 2-hours and 4-hours After Oral antiseptics Interventions (AOI) compared to the placebo-control. Statistical analysis was done using STATA 15.0 software with p-values of <0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Data from a total of 66 participants that were RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 positive at baseline (0-min) was analysed. At 15-mins AOI, the highest proportion of negativation from sputum samples was observed in the Hexedine group, with 69.2% of the baseline PCR positive cases converting to negative compared to 46.7% in the placebo-control group. In addition, H2O2 demonstrated efficacy at 2-hours AOI compared to placebo-control (62.5% vs 37.5% respectively) and other oral-antiseptics. Across all time-points, the oral-antiseptic groups compared to the placebo-control group, there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of sputum samples which converted to a negative status (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings in this study suggest there was no significant difference in the proportion of participants who converted to a negative sputum status across the treatment groups at various time points. Future studies could compare the cycle threshold (ct) viral titre values of sputum samples to determine quantitative differences.


CONTEXTE: Des études ont démontré le rôle des expectorations comme un site de transmission du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère-coronavirus- 2 (SRAS-CoV-2). Cependant, il existe peu de documentation sur l'efficacité virucide des antiseptiques oraux contre le virus du SRASCoV-2. Cette étude a examiné l'efficacité virucide de trois antiseptiques oraux par rapport à un contrôle placebo dans les expectorations de personnes infectées par le SRAS-CoV-2. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Une étude pilote menée auprès d'adultes dont les résultats sont positifs pour le SRAS-CoV-2, tels que déterminés par la réaction en chaîne de la polymérase par transcription inverse (RT-PCR) pendant 7 jours. Les antiseptiques oraux étudiés étaient : Hexetidine (0,1% p/v) ; Thymol (0,063% p/v) et H2O2 (1,5%) par rapport à l'eau stérile déminéralisée (Placebo-contrôle). Le principal critère d'évaluation était la proportion de résultats RT-PCR négatifs 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 heure, 2 heures et 4 heures après les interventions antiseptiques orales (AOI) par rapport au contrôle placebo. L'analyse statistique a été réalisée à l'aide du logiciel STATA 15.0, les valeurs p de <0,05 étant considérées comme statistiquement significatives. RÉSULTATS: Les données d'un total de 66 participants qui étaient positifs à la RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 au départ (0 minute) ont été analysées. Au bout de 15 minutes, la plus forte proportion de négativation des échantillons d'expectoration a été observée dans le groupe Hexedine, 69,2 % des cas positifs au départ par PCR devenant négatifs, contre 46,7 % dans le groupe témoin placebo. En outre, l'H2O2 a démontré son efficacité à 2 heures après l'apparition de la maladie par rapport au groupe placebo (62,5 % contre 37,5 % respectivement) et aux autres antiseptiques oraux. Pour tous les points temporels, les groupes d'antiseptiques oraux comparés au groupe placebo n'ont pas présenté de différence statistiquement significative dans la proportion d'échantillons d'expectoration qui sont devenus négatifs (p>0,05). CONCLUSION: Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent qu'il n'y a pas de différence significative dans la proportion de participants qui sont passés à un statut négatif d'expectoration dans les groupes de traitement à différents moments. Les études futures pourraient comparer les valeurs du titre viral au seuil de cycle (ct) des échantillons d'expectoration afin de déterminer les différences quantitatives. MOTS CLÉS: SRAS-CoV-2, antiseptiques oraux, hexétidine, peroxyde d'hydrogène.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais , COVID-19 , Adulto , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/farmacologia , Hexitidina , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Boca , Projetos Piloto , SARS-CoV-2 , Timol
5.
Trials ; 22(1): 869, 2021 Dec 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34863267

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019. It was recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Outbreak forecasting and mathematical modelling suggest that these numbers will continue to rise. Early identification of effective remedies that can shorten the duration and severity of illness is critical for Lagos State, which is the epi-centre of the disease in Nigeria. METHODS: This is a multi-centre, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled superiority trial. The study investigates the efficacy of chloroquine phosphate, hydroxychloroquine sulphate and lopinavir/ritonavir added on to standard of care compared to standard of care only in patients with COVID-19 disease. The primary outcome is the clinical status of patients measured using a 7-point ordinal scale at day 15. Research participants and clinicians will be blinded to the allocated intervention. Outcome measures will be directly assessed by clinicians. Statistical analysis will be done by a team blinded to the identity and allocation of research participants. Data analysis will follow intention-to-treat methods, using R software. DISCUSSION: The current study is of strategic importance for Lagos State in potentially curbing the health, social and economic burden of COVID-19 disease. Should the current study demonstrate that either of the three intervention drugs is more efficacious than standard therapy alone, the State Ministry of Health will develop an evidence-based guideline for the management of COVID-19 in Lagos State. The findings will also be shared nationally and with other states which may lead to a standardized national guideline for the treatment of COVID-19 in Nigeria. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Pan African Clinical Trials Register PACTR202004801273802 . Registered prospectively on April 2, 2020.


Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Hidroxicloroquina , Cloroquina/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Hidroxicloroquina/efeitos adversos , Lopinavir/efeitos adversos , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Nigéria , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Ritonavir/efeitos adversos , SARS-CoV-2
6.
West Afr J Med ; Vol. 38(11): 1058-1064, 2021 11 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34919362

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Health behavior theories suggest that knowledge about the health risks of the behavior precedes behavior change. Tobacco control messages aim to promote knowledge of health risks associated with tobacco use and encourage smoking cessation behaviors such as quit attempts and intention to quit. This study assessed the relationship between exposure to Anti-Tobacco Messaging (ATM) and quit attempts among adolescents and young adults in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS: This was an online cross-sectional survey of 947 participants aged between 15-35 years. The survey obtained sociodemographic information, smoking status, exposure to ATM, intention to quit and quit attempts in the past 12-months. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the relationship between exposure to ATM and quit attempts; pvalues <0.05 were considered significant. Statistical analysis was done using STATA-15.0 software. RESULTS: The mean age of respondents was 23.4 years (SD:4.0). Less than one-third of the respondents were smokers (23.4%). The most common source of ATM were digital sources (online and social media - 29.6%). Based on the multivariable logistic regression model, younger age (p:0.03) and an intention to quit (p: <0.001) were significantly associated with a quit attempt. Exposure to ATM in the past 12 months was also significantly associated with higher odds of a quit attempt (OR:5.33; 95% CI: 1.26,22.60; p: 0.02). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest an association between exposure to ATM and quit attempts among adolescent and young adult smokers in Lagos State, Nigeria. Policymakers should consider measures aimed at promoting tobacco control education and improving access to smoking cessation services.


CONTEXTE: Les théories du comportement en matière de santé suggèrent que la connaissance des risques sanitaires du comportement précède le changement de comportement. Les messages de lutte contre le tabagisme visent à promouvoir la connaissance des risques pour la santé associés au tabagisme et à encourager les comportements de renoncement au tabac tels que les tentatives d'abandon et l'intention d'abandonner. Cette étude a évalué la relation entre l'exposition aux messages antitabac (MTA) et les tentatives d'arrêt du tabac chez les adolescents et les jeunes adultes de Lagos, au Nigeria. MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une enquête transversale en ligne auprès de 947 participants âgés de 15 à 35 ans. L'enquête a permis d'obtenir des informations sociodémographiques, le statut tabagique, l'exposition au MTA, l'intention d'arrêter et les tentatives d'arrêt au cours des 12 derniers mois. Une analyse de régression logistique a été utilisée pour identifier la relation entre l'exposition à la GTA et les tentatives d'abandon ; les valeurs p <0,05 ont été considérées comme significatives. L'analyse statistique a été réalisée à l'aide du logiciel STATA-15.0. RÉSULTATS: L'âge moyen des répondants était de 23,4 ans (écarttype:4,0). Moins d'un tiers des répondants étaient fumeurs (23,4%). La source de DAB la plus courante était les sources numériques (médias en ligne et sociaux-29, 6%). D'après le modèle de régression logistique multivariable, un âge plus jeune (p: 0,03) et une intention d'arrêter de fumer (p:<0,001) étaient significativement associés à une tentative d'arrêt. L'exposition à la GTA au cours des 12 derniers mois était également associée de manière significative à une probabilité plus élevée de tentative d'abandon (OR:5,33;IC à 95%: 1,26,22,60; p:0,02). CONCLUSION: Nos résultats suggèrent une association entre l'exposition à la GTA et les tentatives d'arrêt chez les fumeurs adolescents et jeunes adultes de l'État de Lagos, au Nigeria. Les décideurs politiques devraient envisager des mesures visant à promouvoir l'éducation à la lutte antitabac et à améliorer l'accès aux services d'aide au sevrage tabagique. Mots clés: Adolescent, Intention d'arrêter de fumer, Tentative d'arrêt du tabac, Jeunes, Tabac.


Assuntos
Nicotiana , Pesquisa , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Nigéria , Uso de Tabaco , Adulto Jovem
7.
West Afr J Med ; 38(12): 1216-1223, 2021 Dec 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35037624

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The adverse effects of Second-Hand Smoke (SHS) exposure has been reported in the literature, but data on SHS exposure among children in Nigeria is virtually nonexistent. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of SHS exposure to tobacco among school children in Nigeria and to assess its association with socio-demographic factors. METHODS: Data from three pairs of school-based descriptive studies in Lagos, Nigeria was utilized and socioeconomic characteristics and smoking behaviour in the households were obtained using validated questionnaires. Parental and relatives smoking habits were utilized as the indicators of SHS exposure. Prevalence rates were calculated; chi-squared tests and logistic regression analysis were conducted to determine significant associations and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. RESULTS: Within the preceding month, 37.6% of the children had been regularly exposed to SHS while 15.5% of them lived with parents and family members who smoked tobacco indoors of which 7.9% were daily exposed to SHS; 19.7% of the children daily experienced cough, nasal congestion, throat, or eye irritation. In the regression analysis, the likelihood of SHS exposure were significantly higher in those with parents that smoke regularly (OR=2.62; 95% CI: 1.50-5.27; p=0.042), lower levels of paternal education (OR=1.7; 95% CI: 0.61-5.27; p=0.021) who live in cramped accommodations (OR=1.79; 95% CI: 1.02-5.67; p=0.044) and those from households with >5 children (OR=1.51; 95% CI: 0.90-2.56; p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant association between parental smoking habits, paternal education, type of accommodation and number of children in the household on SHS exposure in children. Tobacco control policies should emphasize the protection of children through the adoption of smoke-free homes and increase parental awareness on the impact of SHS exposure on children. MOTS CLÉS: Exposition, tabagisme parental, tabagisme, fumée secondaire, tabac, secondaire, tabac.


CONTEXTE: Les effets néfastes de l'exposition à la fumée de tabac secondaire (FTS) ont été rapportés dans la littérature, mais les données sur l'exposition à la fumée secondaire chez les enfants au Nigeria sont pratiquement inexistantes. Nous avons cherché à estimer la prévalence de l'exposition à la FTS au tabac chez les enfants scolarisés au Nigeria et d'évaluer son association avec des facteurs socio-démographiques. MÉTHODES: Les données de trois paires d'études descriptives en milieu scolaire à Lagos, au Nigeria a été utilisé et les caractéristiques socio-économiques et les habitudes tabagiques des ménages ont été obtenus à l'aide de questionnaires validés. Les habitudes tabagiques des parents et des proches ont été utilisées comme indicateurs de l'exposition à la fumée secondaire. Les taux de prévalence ont été calculés ; des tests de chi carré et une analyse de régression logistique ont été effectués pour déterminer les associations significatives et des intervalles de confiance (IC) à 95 % ont été estimés. RÉSULTATS: Au cours du mois précédent, 37,6 % des enfants avaient été régulièrement exposés à la fumée secondaire, tandis que 15,5 % vivaient avec des parents et des membres de la famille qui fumaient du tabac à l'intérieur dont 7,9 % étaient exposés quotidiennement à la fumée secondaire. 19,7 % des enfants toussaient, avaient une congestion nasale, une irritation de la gorge ou des yeux. Dans l'analyse de régression, la probabilité d'exposition au SHS étaient significativement plus élevées chez les enfants dont les parents fument régulièrement (OR=2,62 ; IC 95% : 1,50-5,27 ; p=0,042), un niveau d'éducation paternelle (OR=1,7 ; IC 95 % : 0,61-5,27 ;p=0,021) qui vivent dans des logements exigus (OR=1,79 ; IC à 95% :1,02-5,67 ; p=0,044) et ceux issus de ménages comptant plus de 5 enfants (OR=1,51 ; IC 95 % : 0,90-2,56 ; p=0,003). CONCLUSION: Il existe une association significative entre les habitudes tabagiques des parents, l'éducation du père, le type de logement et le nombre d'enfants dans le ménage sur l'exposition à la fumée secondaire chez les enfants. Les politiques de lutte contre le tabagisme devraient mettre l'accent sur la protection des enfants grâce à l'adoption de l'adoption de foyers sans fumée et sensibiliser les parents à l'impact de l'exposition à la fumée secondaire sur les enfants.


Assuntos
Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Características da Família , Humanos , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Pais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/análise
8.
Niger J Clin Pract ; 23(11): 1561-1565, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33221782

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Orofacial clefts (OCs) are one of the most common craniofacial anomalies and are reported to be associated with congenital cardiovascular anomalies (CCAs). However, there is paucity of data in African populations on the risk of CCAs in OC patients compared to the general population. AIMS: This study aims to determine the odds of congenital cardiovascular anomalies in patients with OC compared to the general population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A case-control study design was used. Case subjects were non-syndromic OC subjects, while controls were non-syndromic subjects without OC. All subjects were thoroughly assessed by a pediatric cardiologist for CCAs; and grouped by OC phenotypic type (cleft lip and/or alveolus, cleft lip and palate, cleft palate only and Tessier cleft). Statistical analysis was done using STATA version 14 (College Station, Texas), and significance was placed at P value ≤0.05. RESULTS: A total of 120 subjects (60 cases and 60 controls) were enrolled in the study. In total, 23.3% of the subjects had CCAs. Among the case group, 40% had CCAs compared to 6.7% in the control group. Patent foramen ovale (18.3%) and atrial septal defects (10.0%) were the most common type of CCAs in cases, respectively. Further, cases had significantly higher odds of CCAs compared to controls (OR: 9.3; CI: 2.8, 39.4). CONCLUSIONS: Our finding reveals that the odds of CCAs are significantly higher in patients with OC than the general population. Future studies could assess the effect of CCAs on surgical outcome.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/anormalidades , Doenças Cardiovasculares/congênito , Fenda Labial/epidemiologia , Fissura Palatina/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Pré-Escolar , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia
9.
Ann Med Health Sci Res ; 6(5): 301-307, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28503348

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Unfortunately, despite an increase in medical knowledge, survival rates of head and neck cancers (HNCs) have not been observed to improve greatly. This is true, especially in tumors located in obscure primary sites or late presentation. AIM: The purpose of this study is to assess the epidemiologic pattern of HNCs and to evaluate its emerging trends and patterns in Lagos state. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted from 2003 to 2013 that analyzed histologically diagnosed cases of HNC at the Pathology Departments of the two tertiary teaching hospitals in Lagos. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 20) statistical software. RESULTS: One thousand and eighty-three cases of head and neck malignancies were recorded. A female: male ratio of 1.01:1 was reported with mean age of 39.6 (standard deviation 21.1) years. The oral cavity was the most affected anatomic site (21.2%, 230/1083) in the period under review. Malignant epithelial tumors accounted for 72% (779/1083) of cases seen. Carcinomas were the most common histological variant seen (67%, 726/1083) and squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 58% (421/726) of carcinomas recorded. Oral cavity malignancies (21.8%, 118/540) were the most common in males while thyroid malignancies (28.5%, 155/543) were the most seen in females. In children (≤15 years), the most common histologic findings were carcinomas (42.3%; 77/182) and retinoblastomas (23.6%; 43/182). CONCLUSION: Epithelial malignancies were the most common malignancy in the study, and the oral cavity appears to be the increasingly predominant site for HNCs. A changing pattern in gender predominance, age distribution, and frequency with histological variants and anatomical sites was also observed in this study.

10.
Afr J Med Med Sci ; 24(4): 337-41, 1995 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8886147

RESUMO

The defaecation pattern and intestinal transit time of 410 apparently healthy children aged between 6 months and 5 years were studied by questionnaire and carmine red marker. The majority of the children ate a predominantly high residue diet. Stool frequency varied from once every other day to 5 times a day, with 95% of the children opening their bowels one to three times a day. There was a gradual decline in mean stool frequency with increasing age. The stool produced was usually soft and between 50 and 75 ml in size. Mean mouth to anus transit time in 98 randomly selected children from the study group was 18.3 hours. The information obtained from this study should facilitate early identification of diarrhoea and constipation in the Nigerian pre-school child.


Assuntos
Defecação/fisiologia , Trânsito Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Fatores Etários , Pré-Escolar , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Fibras na Dieta , Humanos , Lactente , Nigéria , Valores de Referência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo
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