The potential use of microalgae for nutrient supply and health enhancement in isolated and confined environments.

Exploring isolated and confined environments (IACEs), such as deep-sea ecosystems, polar regions, and outer space, presents multiple challenges. Among these challenges, ensuring sustainable food supply over long timescales and maintaining the health of personnel are fundamental issues that must be addressed. Microalgae, as a novel food resource, possess favorable physiological and nutritional characteristics, demonstrating potential as nutritional support in IACEs. In this review, we discuss the potential of microalgae as a nutritional supplement in IACEs from four perspectives. The first section provides a theoretical foundation by reviewing the environmental adaptability and previous studies in IACEs. Subsequently, the typical nutritional components of microalgae and their bioavailability are comprehensively elucidated. And then focus on the impact of these ingredients on health enhancement and elucidate its mechanisms in IACEs. Combining the outstanding stress resistance, rich active ingredients, the potential to alleviate osteoporosis, regulate metabolism, and promote mental well-being, microalgae demonstrate significant value for food applications. Furthermore, the development of novel microalgae biomatrices enhances health safeguards. Nevertheless, the widespread application of microalgae in IACEs still requires extensive studies and more fundamental data, necessitating further exploration into improving bioavailability, high biomass cultivation methods, and enhancing palatability.

The Performance and Evolutionary Mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum in Enhancing Selenite Tolerance and Bioaccumulation.

BACKGROUND: Selenium (Se) pollution poses serious threats to terrestrial ecosystems. Mushrooms are important sources of Se with the potential for bioremediation. Pre-eminent Se resources must possess the ability to tolerate high levels of Se. To obtain Se-accumulating fungi, we isolated selenite-tolerance-enhanced Ganoderma lucidum JNUSE-200 through adaptive evolution. METHODS: The molecular mechanism responsible for selenite tolerance and accumulation was explored in G. lucidum JNUSE-200 by comparing it with the original strain, G. lucidum CGMCC 5.26, using a combination of physiological and transcriptomic approaches. RESULTS: G. lucidum JNUSE-200 demonstrated tolerance to 200 mg/kg selenite in liquid culture and exhibited normal growth, whereas G. lucidum CGMCC 5.26 experienced reduced growth, red coloration, and an unpleasant odor as a result of exposure to selenite at the same concentration. In this study, G. lucidum JNUSE-200 developed a triple defense mechanism against high-level selenite toxicity, and the key genes responsible for improved selenite tolerance were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The present study offers novel insights into the molecular responses of fungi towards selenite, providing theoretical guidance for the breeding and cultivation of Se-accumulating varieties. Moreover, it significantly enhances the capacity of the bio-manufacturing industry and contributes to the development of beneficial applications in environmental biotechnology through fungal selenite transformation bioprocesses.

Gut microbial genomes with paired isolates from China illustrate probiotic and cardiometabolic effects.

The gut microbiome displays genetic differences among populations, and characterization of the genomic landscape of the gut microbiome in China remains limited. Here, we present the Chinese Gut Microbial Reference (CGMR) set, comprising 101,060 high-quality metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) of 3,707 nonredundant species from 3,234 fecal samples across primarily rural Chinese locations, 1,376 live isolates mainly from lactic acid bacteria, and 987 novel species relative to worldwide databases. We observed region-specific coexisting MAGs and MAGs with probiotic and cardiometabolic functionalities. Preliminary mouse experiments suggest a probiotic effect of two Faecalibacillus intestinalis isolates in alleviating constipation, cardiometabolic influences of three Bacteroides fragilis_A isolates in obesity, and isolates from the genera Parabacteroides and Lactobacillus in host lipid metabolism. Our study expands the current microbial genomes with paired isolates and demonstrates potential host effects, contributing to the mechanistic understanding of host-microbe interactions.

Unraveling the binding mechanisms of transglutaminase and substrate subjected to microwaves: Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations.

Previous studies showed that transglutaminase (TGase) and microwaves acted synergistically to improve the functional properties of proteins. The mechanism behind this has yet to be elucidated. In this study, the phenomenon of microwaves enhancing TGase activity was experimentally validated. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that moderate microwaves (105 and 108 V/m) increased the structural flexibility of TGase and promoted the orientation of the side chain carboxylate anion group on Asp255, driving the reaction forward. Also, TGase underwent partial transformation from α-helix to turns or coils at 105 and 108 V/m, exposing more residues in the active site and facilitating the binding of the substrate (CBZ-Gln-Gly) to TGase. However, 109 V/m microwaves completely destroyed the TGase structure, inactivating the enzyme. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between TGase and substrate subjected to microwaves, promoting the future applications of TGase and microwaves in food processing.

Solubilization of fish myofibrillar proteins in NaCl and KCl solutions: A DIA-based proteomics analysis.

Understanding the basic solubilization of fish myofibrillar proteins (MPs) in common monovalent chloride solutions is crucial for muscle food processing. In this study, the differential proteomic profiles of MPs during extraction and solubilization in NaCl and KCl solutions were investigated by using advanced four-dimensional data-independent acquisition (4D DIA) quantitative proteomics for the first time. Compared to routine biochemical analysis, this could provide insights into the solubilization of muscle proteins. We ensure the consistency of the effective ionic strength of NaCl and KCl buffers by adjusting the conductivity. The results showed that NaCl extractor mainly facilitated the solubilization of cytoskeletal proteins, biochemical enzymes, and stromal proteins compared to KCl, such as tubulin, myosin-9, collagen, plectin, protein phosphatase, and cathepsin D. However, no significant difference was observed in the extraction of major sarcomeric proteins, including myosin, actin, troponin C, myosin-binding protein C, M-Protein, α-actinin-3, and tropomyosin.

Serratia marcescens Causes the Brown Discoloration of Frozen Steamed Stuffed Buns during Resteaming.

Brown discoloration was observed in the crust of commercial frozen steamed stuffed buns (FSSBs) during resteaming. Culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses demonstrated that Serratia marcescens, a prodigiosin-producing species, was more abundant in spoiled samples than in unspoiled samples. Inoculation of experimental FSSBs with S. marcescens isolated from spoiled FSSBs confirmed that this species causes brown discoloration of FSSBs during resteaming. S. marcescens formed prodigiosin only between 15 and 28 °C but brown discoloration appeared only upon resteaming after storage at 4 °C. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses revealed that prodigiosin was absent from yellow-brown FSSBs. The pigmentation observed during resteaming is thus likely attributable to the intermediate 2-methyl-3-amylpyrrole. These findings provide valuable insights into the microbial contamination of FSSBs and will facilitate the prevention of spoilage of FSSBs.

Clinical experience sharing on gastric microneuroendocrine tumors: A case report.

BACKGROUND: The majority of gastric neuroendocrine tumors (G-NENs) are present in various lesions under endoscopy, and they can be polypoid uplifts, submucosal tumors or papules, erosions, and ulcers. The lesions are mostly confined to the mucosal or submucosal layer, usually less than 2 cm, and exclusively localized to the gastric body or fundus. In type 1 G-NENs, about 22% of cases have no visible lesions under an endoscope, and such lesions can only be detected via biopsies (microcarcinoids). CASE SUMMARY: A 67-year-old female patient with appetite loss for more than half a year and personal history of hyperthyroidism was admitted to our hospital. After admission, a random multi-point biopsy was performed on the gastric body, fundus, angle, and antrum through gastroscopy. Pathological examination showed chronic severe atrophic gastritis in the fundus and body of the stomach. The small curvature of the gastric body, the anterior wall of the gastric body, and the posterior wall of the gastric body displayed proliferation of intestinal chromaffin cells. The curvature of the gastric body showed neuroendocrine tumor G1 (carcinoid), while the antrum and angle of the stomach showed mild atrophic gastritis with mild intestinal metaplasia. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the greater curvature of the gastric body was Syn (+), CgA (+), and Ki-67 (+, approximately 1%), which is consistent with neuroendocrine tumors (grade 1). Regular gastroscopy and biopsy should be performed every one to two years to monitor G-NENs. CONCLUSION: In the case under study, the patient did not have any visible raised lesions under a gastroscope, and the lesions were found only after a random biopsy. This article combines the endoscopic manifestations and clinical features of the lesions in this case to improve the diagnosis of G-NENs.

Postmortem Muscle Proteome Characteristics of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix): Insights from Full-Length Transcriptome and Deep 4D Label-Free Proteomic.

The coverage of the protein database directly determines the results of shotgun proteomics. In this study, PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing technology was performed on postmortem silver carp muscle transcripts. A total of 42.43 Gb clean data, 35,834 nonredundant transcripts, and 15,413 unigenes were obtained. In total, 99.32% of the unigenes were successfully annotated and assigned specific functions. PacBio long-read isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) analysis can provide more accurate protein information with a higher proportion of complete coding sequences and longer lengths. Subsequently, 2671 proteins were identified in deep 4D proteomics informed by a full-length transcriptomics technique, which has been shown to improve the identification of low-abundance muscle proteins and potential protein isoforms. The feature of the sarcomeric protein profile and information on more than 30 major proteins in the white dorsal muscle of silver carp were reported here for the first time. Overall, this study provides valuable transcriptome data resources and the comprehensive muscle protein information detected to date for further study into the processing characteristic of early postmortem fish muscle, as well as a spectral library for data-independent acquisition and data processing. This batch of muscle-specific dependent acquisition data is available via PRIDE with identifier PXD043702.

Fabrication, Functional Properties, and Potential Applications of Mixed Gellan-Polysaccharide Systems: A Review.

Gellan, an anionic heteropolysaccharide synthesized by Sphingomonas elodea, is an excellent gelling agent. However, its poor mechanical strength and high gelling temperature limit its application. Recent studies have reported that combining gellan with other polysaccharides achieves desirable properties for food- and biomaterial-related applications. This review summarizes the fabrication methods, functional properties, and potential applications of gellan-polysaccharide systems. Starch, pectin, xanthan gum, and konjac glucomannan are the most widely used polysaccharides in these composite systems. Heating-cooling and ionic-induced cross-linking approaches have been used in the fabrication of these systems. Composite gels fabricated using gellan and various polysaccharides exhibit different functional properties, possibly because of their distinct molecular interactions. In terms of applications, mixed gellan-polysaccharide systems have been extensively used in texture modification, edible coatings and films, bioactive component delivery, and tissue-engineering applications. Further scientific studies, including structural determinations of mixed systems, optimization of processing methods, and expansion of applications in food-related fields, are needed. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, Volume 15 is April 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Effect of chemical modification of κ-carrageenan on its inhibitory effect against heterocyclic amine (HAs) formation in roasted tilapia fish patties.

Sulfated κ-carrageenan (S-KC), carboxymethylated κ-carrageenan (C-KC), acetylated κ-carrageenan (A-KC) and phosphorylated κ-carrageenan (P-KC) were synthesized and tested for their inhibitory effect on heterocyclic amine (HAs) formation in roasted tilapia fish patties. Fish patties with 1 % of each hydrocolloid prepared by 90 % of fish and 10 % of an aqueous hydrocolloid dispersion were determined for HAs-levels after roasting. P-KC showed the strongest inhibitory effect against total HAs formation (20.95 %). Moreover, P-KC increased the content of creatinine and glucose but decreased the content of free amino acids in fish patties, indicating that P-KC may compete with creatinine and glucose to react with amino acids to suppress HAs generation. In addition, P-KC plus naringenin had a stronger inhibitory effect against HAs formation than P-KC or naringenin alone. P-KC at 1 % (w/w) and P-KC (0.5 %, w/w) plus naringenin (0.5 %, w/w) showed no significant effects on the color and textural properties compared to the control group (100 % fish), and had less impact on food quality than 1 % (w/w) KC. Therefore, our results suggest that chemical modification could enhance the inhibitory effect of some hydrocolloids on HAs formation, and an appropriate combination of hydrocolloids and flavonoids contributes to the attenuation of dietary exposure to genotoxic HAs.

Insight into Ionic Strength-Induced Solubilization of Myofibrillar Proteins from Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix): Structural Changes and 4D Label-Free Proteomics Analysis.

In this study, changes in the physical, structural, and assembly characteristics of silver carp myofibrillar proteins (MPs) at different ionic strength (I) values were investigated. Moreover, the differential proteomic profile of soluble MPs was analyzed using 4D proteomics based on timsTOF Pro mass spectrometry. Solubility of MPs significantly increased at high I (>0.3), and the increase in I enhanced the apparent viscosity, fluorescence intensity, surface hydrophobicity, and α-helix content of MPs solution. Particle size and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns also supported the solubility profiles. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy observations revealed the morphological assembly and disassembly of MPs under different I conditions. Finally, proteomic analysis revealed the evolution law of salt-induced solubilization of MPs and the critical molecular characteristics in different I environments. The number of differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) decreased with the increase of I, and most DAPs related to the muscle filament sliding, contraction and assembly, actinin binding, and actin filament binding. The soluble abundance of myosin and some structural proteins was dependent on I, and structural proteins in the Z-disk and M-band might contribute to the solubilization of myosin. Our findings provide insightful information about the impact of common I on the solubility pattern of MPs from freshwater fish.

Microwave treatment on structure and digestibility characteristics of Spirulina platensis protein.

As a novel protein resource, the low digestibility of Spirulina platensis protein (SPP) limits its large-scale application. From the perspective of food processing methods, different heating treatments were explored to improve the structure and digestibility of SPP. In this study, SPP was heated by water bath and microwave at the same heating rate and heating temperature. Microwave accelerated protein denaturation and structure unfolded as the heating intensity increases, causing more exposed hydrophobic residues and enhancing surface hydrophobicity. The data of free sulfhydryl group, particle size, and gel electrophoresis, showed that microwave treatment promoted the formation of protein aggregates. The structural changes can potentially improve the accessibility of digestive enzymes, promote the in vitro digestibility rate, and further accelerate the production of small molecular peptides and the release of free amino acids. This study provided an innovative approach to improve the digestibility and therefore the utilization efficiency of SPP.

Microwave-assisted depolymerization of chitin and chitosan extracted from crayfish shells waste: A sustainable approach based on graphene oxide catalysis.

This study targeted the sustainable utilization of chitin and chitosan from crayfish shell waste, and further depolymerization of the recovered products in one step through synergy between microwaves and graphene oxide, aiming for the monosaccharides, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and other high-value products. The results indicated that graphene oxide was more effective than graphene in enhancing the microwave absorption properties of the system, which is contrary to the parameters of their dielectric properties. The heating rate was increased by 0.37 K/s and 0.26 K/s when graphene oxide was introduced into the chitin and chitosan depolymerization systems, respectively, at a microwave power of 5 W/g. The mechanism underlying the impact of graphene oxide on chitin and chitosan under a microwave field was proposed by analyzing the variations in the depolymerization products of chitin and chitosan systems under different reaction conditions, including holding time, catalyst content, solvent content, and reaction temperature. Furthermore, the recovered graphene oxide exhibited delamination upon redispersion in water, which was not observed in the initial samples. The infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy results suggest that the catalytic reaction is associated with oxygen-containing functional groups. This study demonstrated the synergistic effect of microwaves and graphene oxide on the depolymerization of chitin and chitosan, and the ability to achieve rapid one-step depolymerization in an acid/alkali-free solvent, which provides a green and promising development for the degradation of carbohydrate macromolecules in crustacean solid waste.

Effects of Stigmasterol on 3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol Fatty Acid Esters and Aldehydes Formation in Heated Soybean Oil.

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of three soybean isoflavones and two soybean phytosterols on the formation of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol fatty acid esters (3-MCPDE) and aldehydes in heated soybean oil model. 0.4 mM of genistin, genistein, daidzein, stigmasterol, and ß-sitosterol significantly reduced 3-MCPDE formation by 25.7, 51.4, 21.4, 61.6, and 55.7%, and total aldehydes formation by 42.03, 43.94, 28.36, 54.74, and 39.23%, respectively. Further study showed that stigmasterol reduced the content of glycidyl esters (GEs) and glycidol, two key intermediates of 3-MCPDE, and prevented fatty acids degradation in the oils. Moreover, the effects of continuous frying time on the content of stigmasterol and the migration of stigmasterol were evaluated in the fried dough sticks model system. The content of stigmasterol in soybean oil was found to be significantly decreased with prolonged heating time. The concentrations of stigmasterol in fried dough sticks and the migration rates of stigmasterol from soybean oil to fried dough sticks decreased with repeated frying sessions. In addition, stigmasterol undergoes oxidative changes during heat treatment, and the oxidation products including 5,6α-epoxystigmasterol, 5,6ß-epoxystigmasterol, 7α-hydroxystigmasterol, 7ß-hydroxystigmasterol, stigmasterlol-3ß,5α,6ß-triol, and 7-ketostigmasterol were identified in the frying oils but not in the fried dough sticks. Overall, stigmasterol could be added to soybean oil to reduce 3-MCPDE and aldehydes formation, and reacting with GEs/glycidol and protection of lipid acids from oxidation may be the mechanism of action of stigmasterol.

Apigenin and its octoic acid diester attenuated glycidol-induced autophagic-dependent apoptosis via inhibiting the ERK/JNK/p38 signaling pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Glycidol is a well-known food contaminant mainly formed in refined edible oils and various thermally processed foods. Here, we studied the toxicity effects and related mechanism of glycidol on Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Glycidol was found to induce Gap period 2 (G2)/Mitosis (M) phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in HUVECs. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) attenuated glycidol-induced cell death, suggesting that glycidol-induced apoptosis was autophagy-dependent. Moreover, glycidol treatment induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), and p38. Inhibition of ERK, JNK, and p38 phosphorylation by the inhibitors U0126, SP600125, and SB203580 attenuated glycidol-induced autophagy and prevented glycidol-mediated reduction in cell viability, demonstrating that glycidol inhibited HUVECs growth by inducing autophagic-dependent apoptosis through activation of the ERK, JNK and p38 signaling pathways. In addition, apigenin (API) and its octoic acid diester apigenin-7 (API-C8), 4'-O-dioctanoate were found to significantly attenuate glycidol-induced cell growth inhibition by inhibiting the above signaling pathways. Collectively, glycidol induces autophagic-dependent apoptosis via activating the ERK/JNK/p38 signaling pathways in HUVECs and API-C8 could attenuate the toxicity effects.

Microwave heating process of moderate-minced surimi based on multiphase porous media model.

Moderately processed surimi products exhibit better nutrient retention and enhanced gels, and the great potential of microwaves application and changes in the way of chopping meat has been reported by previous research. In this study, a systematic analysis of the novel surimi product was made to explore the heat and mass transfer characteristics. A porous media model combining electromagnetic heat and hygroscopic expansion was developed to evaluate this process, and its accuracy has been verified experimentally. It was found that the dielectric characterization of multiphase mixture system has great influence on the results, the complex refractive index mixture equation was used due to its lowest root-mean-square error value. In addition, the effect of moderate processing on microwave heating was examined in terms of porosity changes. However, nonuniform temperature distributions were found in the higher porous samples, especially when the porosity is greater than 0.81. Moreover, the developed model was coupled with the evaluation for gel properties and the results showed the significant effect of moderate crushing on the gel quality during the microwave heating process.

Effects of quercetin on emissions of aldehydes from heated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-fortified soybean oil.

Home cooking has been considered as an indoor pollution problem since cooking oil fumes contain various toxic chemicals such as aldehydes. Fortifying edible oils with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been applied to enhance the nutritional value of oils. This study designed a frying simulation system and examined the effect of oil type, DHA fortification, heating time, and addition of natural antioxidant on the emissions of aldehydes from heated oils. Results showed that linseed oil had the highest total aldehyde emissions, followed by soybean oil, peanut oil, and palm oil. Fortifying soybean oil with DHA increased the toxic aldehydes emitted. Quercetin, a flavonoid, significantly reduced aldehydes emitted from DHA-fortified soybean oil (by up to 39.80%) to levels similar to those of normal soybean oil. Further analysis showed that DHA-fortified soybean oil with quercetin had a significantly higher DHA and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) content than the control oil at each heating time point. The result indicated that quercetin inhibited emissions of aldehydes, at least in part, by protecting UFAs from oxidation. Collectively, quercetin could be used as a natural additive in DHA-fortified and normal cooking oils to reduce aldehyde emissions, indoor air pollution, and preserve functional DHA and other UFAs.

The Infiltration of Neutrophil Granulocytes Due to Loss of PTEN Was Associated with Poor Response to Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction: A primary impediment to the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors is the lack of biomarkers for therapeutic responses and prognosis. Although patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) could be precisely selected for targeted therapy based on somatic mutations, it remains controversial to choose the suitable patients with a high response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The immune-dependent roles of tumor suppressor PTEN in the formation of tumor immune microenvironment remain elusive. Methods: We comprehensively analyzed the genomic and transcriptomic data from multiple ccRCC datasets, including bulk-RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing data. In vitro, immunoblotting, qRT-PCR, and RNA sequencing were conducted in ccRCC cell lines upon PTEN depletion. Gene ontology and gene set enrichment analysis were performed to screen the critical pathway and molecules in response to PTEN deletion. Immunohistochemistry staining and further bioinformatic analysis were used to validate our data. Results: Based on multi-omics analysis of public datasets of renal cancer, the frequently mutated or deleted PTEN was found to be correlated with a suppressive tumor immune microenvironment in ccRCC. Furthermore, we depleted PTEN via CRISPR-Cas9 in Caki-1 cells, which led to the upregulation of multiple neutrophil chemokines, particularly CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL6, and CXCL8. The roles of neutrophil chemokines and neutrophil markers were further validated and investigated for the association with prognosis in vitro, clinical samples, and the publicly available databases. The expression of CXCL1, CXCL8, and neutrophil markers, S100A9 and BCL2A1, were significantly associated with a poor immunotherapy-related prognosis in public dataset of renal cancer patients receiving ICIs treatment. Conclusion: These results add a new layer to understanding the association between PTEN status and the role of neutrophil infiltration in ccRCC. Moreover, our findings propose low expression of PTEN as candidate factor of resistance to anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy in ccRCC.

Apigenin and apigenin-7, 4'-O-dioctanoate protect against acrolein-aggravated inflammation via inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and HMGB1/MYD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).

Exposure to acrolein, one environmental and dietary pollutant, has been shown to cause inflammation. Here, we reported for the first time that acrolein aggravated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as evidenced by the further increased mRNA expression of three pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Acrolein also further increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in LPS-pretreated HUVEC. Moreover, acrolein treatment further increased the nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC) expression, caspase-1 cleavage, and downstream matures interleukin 18 (IL-18) and IL-1ß level in LPS-pretreated HUVEC. Acrolein treatment also further increased the expressions of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and phospho-NF-κB P65 (P-P65) in the LPS pre-treated HUVEC. Thus, acrolein aggravated LPS-induced HUVEC inflammation through induction of oxidative stress, and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and HMGB1/MYD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, apigenin and apigenin-7, 4'-O-dioctanoate attenuated acrolein-aggravated inflammation by targeting the above signaling pathways. Our findings could help to develop potential therapeutic strategies against acrolein-enhanced inflammation.