[Pathology of the kidneys in malignant tumors of various localizations and antitumor therapy]. / Patologiya pochek pri zlokachestvennykh opukholyakh razlichnoi lokalizatsii i protivoopukholevoi terapii.

Non-tumorlesions of the kidneys in malignant neoplasms are very diverse. They can alter the results of chemotherapy and lead to death in the long term. In this regard, the related discipline of onconephrology has increasingly begun to be identified, which emphasizes the importance of diagnosing non-tumor kidney lesions in this category of patients. This review is devoted to the classification, diagnosis, course, prevention and treatment of non-tumor kidney lesions in patients with malignant neoplasms. There are four groups of lesions: mechanical damage; nephropathy due to anticancer therapy; paraneoplastic nephropathy; lesions associated with metabolic disorders. Kidney lesions in patients with malignant neoplasms are characterized by a variable course. In some cases, acute renal failure develops. Others are characterized by an asymptomatic course with an outcome in nephrosclerosis. Timely diagnosis and treatment of kidney lesions in malignant neoplasms can improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients with malignant neoplasms.

[Features of surgical treatment of renal cysts depending on the risk of malignancy].

BACKGROUND: According to national and foreign publications, renal cyst is one of the most common urological diseases with a prevalence up to 20-50%. AIM: To determine the results of surgical treatment of patients with renal cysts, depending on the risk of malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis of 124 patients with symptomatic renal cysts who were treated in the Department of Urology of Regional Clinical Hospital was carried out. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and instrumental evaluation, including contrast-enhanced CT scan of the kidneys. To assess the risk of harboring malignant tumor, the classification of renal cysts of Bosniak (2019) was used. RESULTS: The average age of patients was 56.6+/-12 years. According to CT, Bosniak I, II, IIF and III cysts were diagnosed in 96 (77.4%), 11 (8.9%), 11 (8.9%) and 6 (4.8%) patients, respectively. The morphologic study revealed renal cell cancer in 8 patients (6.4%), four of whom had Bosniak III cysts and other four had Bosniak IIF cysts. DISCUSSION: The prediction of the harboring of malignancy is a fundamental criterion for selection of patients with renal cysts for surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of symptomatic renal cysts is a justified treatment method, and in patients with Bosniak class II or higher cysts, it is necessary to exclude the malignant lesion. Based on our data, category IIF and III cysts have a high risk of harboring malignant cells, which is 36.4% and 66.7%, respectively. In our opinion, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is the most rational treatment method in these categories.

[Plasma acid reproduces oxidative and nitrosative stress in bladder tissue in vitro: experimental study].

AIM: To analyze some effects of plasma acid in vitro on the bladder tissue obtained from laboratory animals and to evaluate the possibility of its application for in vitro modeling of IC/BPS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The tissue samples of the bladder wall were obtained from female Wistar rats aged 3 months (n=16, weighing 180-200 g). The tissues were processed for 1 hour in the plasma acid prepared by spark discharge of water for injection in air. The immunohistochemical study of obtained samples was performed. RESULTS: The changes in the expression profile of bladder epithelial cells under the action of plasma acid in vitro were found indicating the development of oxidative, nitrosative and dicarbonyl stress, impaired expression of NADPH oxidase DUOX2 and VEGF, and a decrease in cell proliferative activity, which, in general, corresponds to the main mechanisms of urothelial alterations specific for the IC/BPS. CONCLUSION: The revealed effects of plasma acid on bladder epithelial cells confirm the possibility of using it as an inducer of urothelial cell damage typical for IC/BPS in the in vitro models.