RESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is recommended that continued education in pain should be supported using information and communication technologies (ICTs), but there are gaps about the previous competencies of health professionals, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study characterized the competencies of professionals in the Colombian Caribbean, the circumstances that favor and hinder the development of appropriate care, as well as the preferences, expectations and attitudes toward an educational intervention supported by ICTs. METHODS: We used a qualitative, phenomenological approach, combining documentary review and data obtained through observation, an online survey and two focus groups involving 55 healthcare professionals (physicians, nurses and psychologists) of varying experience. For the analysis and integration of results, the Capacity, Opportunity, Motivation and Behavior model and the Theoretical Domains Framework were used as references. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist guided the reporting of this study. RESULTS: Competency deficits were found regardless of the profession and experience, which are related to inadequacies in undergraduate and post-graduate training. Structural problems in Colombian society and healthcare service organization were also discovered, which were considered unmodifiable barriers and have been aggravated by the social, economic and health effects of the pandemic. The main modifiable barriers found were as follows: pain underestimation and under-treatment of older adults, as well as stereotypes regarding old age and pain, lack of knowledge of the psychosocial determinants of pain and of techniques for its assessment and treatment, overestimation of pharmacological treatment and failure to update pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations for the design of the educational intervention were established as follows: favoring non-synchronous resources, facilitating synchronous activities of short duration, facilitating permanent access to information and resources and generating incentives for continuing education, such as certification, institutional recognition and encouraging popular recognition.
Assuntos
Dor Musculoesquelética , Idoso , Humanos , Colômbia , Pessoal de Saúde , Dor Musculoesquelética/terapia , Pandemias , Estudantes , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Educação Baseada em CompetênciasRESUMO
Introducción: Actualmente la relación hombre-trabajo se encuentra limitada por condiciones de salud, que pueden agravarse frente a la exposición a factores de riesgo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, diseño no experimental, enfoque cuantitativo, realizado en 1570 consultantes a ingreso laboral, durante el período de octubre de 2019 a marzo de 2020 a nivel local; con una muestra probabilística de 1073, nivel de confianza de 98,00 % y margen de error del 2,00 %. Criterios de inclusión: solicitantes de consulta pre-empleo, mayores de edad, de ambos sexos que aceptaron participar en el estudio; excluidos menores de edad, autorizados por el Ministerio de Trabajo. La recolección de la información se realizó mediante evaluación médico-ocupacional y exámenes complementarios, utilizando equipos biomédicos calibrados y formatos validados por la Institución. El análisis de la información se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, aplicando media, moda, desviación estándar, tablas y figuras. Se respetaron los principios éticos para la investigación en humanos. Resultados: Edad promedio 32 años, edad mínima de 18 y máxima de 66 años, desviación estándar de 9,2. De los participantes, 51,57 % presentó antecedentes personales patológicos; 47,15 % índice de masa corporal normal, seguido de sobrepeso 11.00 % e hipertensión arterial 1,95 %. La prevalencia de restricciones y aplazamientos laborales fue de 12,86 %, generadas principalmente por enfermedades cardiovasculares, visuales, osteomusculares y digestivas. Conclusiones: Las restricciones y aplazamientos para el ingreso al trabajo guardan correspondencia con las enfermedades que se describen en las estadísticas vitales presentadas en el país y en el departamento de Sucre.
Introduction: Currently the man-work relationship is limited by health conditions, which can be aggravated by exposure to risk factors. Materials and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, non-experimental design with a quantitative approach, carried out in 1570 consultants at work admission, carried out between October 2019 to March 2020; Probabilistic sample of 1073 people, confidence level of 98.00% and margin of error of 2.00 %. Inclusion criteria: applicants for pre-employment consultation, of legal age, both sexes and who consented to participate in the research; minors are excluded, authorized by the Ministry of Labor. The information was collected through occupational medical evaluations and complementary examinations with formats validated by the Institution and calibrated biomedical equipment. The information analysis was carried out with descriptive statistics, using mean, mode, standard deviation, tables, and figures. The ethical principles for research in humans were respected. Results: Average age 32 years, minimum age of 18 and maximum of 66 years, standard deviation of 9.2. 51.57 % of the participants had a personal pathological history, 47.15 % had a normal body mass index, followed by overweight; 11.00% presented arterial hypertension. The prevalence of work restrictions and postponements was 12.86 %, mainly caused by cardiovascular, visual, musculoskeletal, and digestive diseases. Conclusions: The restrictions and postponements for entering work correspond to the diseases described in the vital statistics presented in the country and in the Department of Sucre.
