[Translated article] Treatment of supracondylar femoral fractures by minimally invasive techniques vs. exposure of the fracture site: A retrospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Fractures of the distal femoral third are an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and their treatment is currently controversial. OBJECTIVES: To compare the results between minimally invasive techniques versus exposure of the fracture site. Secondly, to evaluate the relationship between demographic factors, mechanism of injury and surgical delay with patient prognosis. METHOD: Retrospective cohort study carried out between 2015 and 2021 in a tertiary hospital. Data collection was performed by reviewing medical histories, measuring demographic and hospital parameters and definitive treatment strategy. One year of follow-up was completed in all patients, assessing the occurrence of surgical complications and mortality. A stratified analysis of the variables of interest was performed among patients over 65 years of age. RESULTS: 128 fractures were recorded, with definitive osteosynthesis being performed in 117. Patients who underwent minimally invasive techniques required a shorter hospital stay (9 [7-12] vs. 12 [8.75-16] days) (p=0.007), with no differences in mortality or complications during follow-up. In those over 65 years of age, opening the fracture site was associated with an increased risk of infection compared to minimally invasive techniques (33.3% vs. 2%) (p=0.507). All the deceased were patients over 65 years of age (33.7% at one year). Surgical delay longer than 48h increased mortality by 10% among those older than 65 years (p=0.3). High-energy trauma had a higher proportion of pseudarthrosis (27.6% vs. 6.1%) (p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive techniques decreased hospital stay but not complications or long-term mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IIb.

Treatment of supracondylar femoral fractures by minimally invasive techniques vs. exposure of the fracture site: A retrospective cohort study. / Tratamiento de fracturas supracondíleas de fémur mediante técnicas mínimamente invasivas vs. exposición del foco de fractura: un estudio de cohortes retrospectivas.

INTRODUCTION: Fractures of the distal femoral third are an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and their treatment is currently controversial. OBJECTIVES: To compare the results between minimally invasive techniques versus exposure of the fracture site. Secondly, to evaluate the relationship between demographic factors, mechanism of injury and surgical delay with patient prognosis. METHOD: Retrospective cohort study carried out between 2015 and 2021 in a tertiary hospital. Data collection was performed by reviewing medical histories, measuring demographic and hospital parameters and definitive treatment strategy. One year of follow-up was completed in all patients, assessing the occurrence of surgical complications and mortality. A stratified analysis of the variables of interest was performed among patients over 65 years of age. RESULTS: 128 fractures were recorded, with definitive osteosynthesis being performed in 117. Patients who underwent minimally invasive techniques required a shorter hospital stay (9 [7-12] vs. 12 [8.75-16] days) (p=0.007), with no differences in mortality or complications during follow-up. In those over 65 years of age, opening the fracture site was associated with an increased risk of infection compared to minimally invasive techniques (33.3% vs. 2%) (p=0.507). All the deceased were patients over 65 years of age (33.7% at one year). Surgical delay longer than 48hours increased mortality by 10% among those older than 65 years (p=0.3). High-energy trauma had a higher proportion of pseudarthrosis (27.6% vs. 6.1%) (p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive techniques decreased hospital stay but not complications or long-term mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IIb.

Prematurity: A medical history of obligatory consideration when assessing the retinal ganglion cell complex.

INTRODUCTION: Premature children birth and survival is becoming more frequent due to the improvement in obstetric and neonatal care. This makes it increasingly common to find patients with history of preterm birth in ophthalmology clinics, both in pediatric and adult ages. Premature birth can lead to ocular structural changes, being possible to affect the ganglion cell complex (GCC), among other structures, which can be studied using optical coherence tomography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To carry out a bibliographic review of the studies that analyze GCC in patients with a history of prematurity compared with patients born at term. RESULTS: Several studies that analyze GCC in patients with a history of prematurity are referenced and their results are studied. CONCLUSIONS: In our clinical practice, knowing the history of prematurity is fundamental in the assessment of GCC measured by optical coherence tomography, since this layer is different in the patients with a history of prematurity compared to patients born at term.

Ophthalmological manifestations in 6 patients diagnosed with Williams-Beuren syndrome and literature review.

Medical history of 6 patients diagnosed with Williams-Beuren Syndrome (SWB) in pediatric age was revised. All the patients presented characteristic elf facies and cardiovascular abnormalities. All presented good visual acuity, except one case of unilateral amblyopia. The most frequent refractive error was hyperopia (n = 6; 100%) and astigmatism (n = 5; 83.3%). Ocular motility alterations were found in 2 patients (1 case of exophoria with hyperfunction of right inferior oblique and another of congenital endotropia with bilateral hyperfunction of inferior oblique). On the cognitive function, 66.7% (n = 4) had visoperceptive disorders. Other findings were epicanthus (n = 6; 100%) and congenital obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct with unilateral epiphora (n = 1; 16.7%). SWB is a rare disorder with complex ophthalmological and systemic manifestations. For this reason, ophthalmological follow-up of these children is recommended.

Septo-optic dysplasia: Ophthalmological abnormalities in a series of 5 cases.

Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare congenital condition of unknown cause, with a characteristic triad that includes optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary function abnormalities and midline brain defects, in addition to a broad spectrum of symptoms and associations. A total of five clinical cases are presented, four of which met the complete classic triad. All of them showed a wide variety of ophthalmological, endocrinological and neurological alterations. Within the ophthalmological spectrum of SOD, papillary hypoplasia and ocular motility alterations (nystagmus, strabismus) stand out. Other less frequent ones may also appear, such as pupillary alterations, microphthalmia and coloboma. Given the suspicion of SOD, brain MRI scan should be performed, as well as consultation with the paediatric department in order to complete the study and indicate, if necessary, systemic treatment.

Orbital apex syndrome secondary to herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus usually presents with ocular manifestations, but neurological complications are much more infrequent. An 84-year-old woman with herpes zoster of the left first trigeminal branch developed herpetic keratouveitis in her left eye despite treatment with oral valaciclovir. Seven days later, a progressive and total left ophthalmoplegia appeared, requiring hospital admission and intravenous treatment with acyclovir and corticosteroids. The neuroimaging was suggestive of an orbital apex syndrome. The evolution of the ophthalmoplegia was favourable, with complete resolution at 5 months, but with decreased visual acuity due to the optic nerve involvement.

Role of sCD40L in the prediction of super-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of the biomarkers Interleukin 6, Tumoral Necrosis Factor a, sCD40L, high sensitive Troponin T, high sensitive C-Reactive Protein and Galectin-3 in predicting super response (SR) to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT), as they have not been studied in this field before. METHODS: Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data was obtained preimplant and after one year. SR was defined as reduction in LVESV = 30% at one year follow-up. Blood samples were extracted preimplant. Multivariate logistic regression and ROC curves were performed. RESULTS: 50 patients were included, 23 (46%) were SR. Characteristics related to SR were: female (35 vs. 11%, p?=?0.04), suffering from less ischemic cardiomyopathy (13 vs. 63%, p?

Evaluación del impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas en Clínica Alemana de Santiago / Evaluation of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the diagnosis and treatment of breats cancer patients at Clínica Alemana de Santiago

Resumen Introducción: Debido a la pandemia COVID-19 se ha visto un retraso en diagnósticos de en-fermedades oncológicas, cambio de tratamientos y aumento en mortalidad. Objetivo: Evaluar efectos de la pandemia en pacientes de Clínica Alemana de Santiago con diagnóstico reciente de cáncer de mama, comparadas con igual periodo año 2019. Materiales y Método: Estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo, tipo descriptivo. Período 1 de abril - 31 de julio de 2020 comparado con igual periodo de año 2019. Revisión de nuestra base de datos, comparando motivo de consulta, estadio y tratamiento. Análisis estadístico con programa STATA, test T student y test exacto de Fisher. Consideramos significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: Total 156 pacientes, 70 (44,87%) consultaron en periodo señalado año 2020 versus 86 (55,13%) en 2019 (p = 0,1). Edad promedio 55 años versus 58 (p = 0,38). Consulta por nódulo palpable de mama, 25 versus 29 (p = 0,86). Hubo diferencias en pacientes que consultaron por antece-dentes familiares de cáncer de mama, 0 versus 6 (p = 0,033), y en pacientes con antecedente personal de cáncer de mama, 0 versus 6 (p = 0,033). Consulta por control imagenológico fue 39 versus 53 (p = 0,5). En época de pandemia hubo más tumores Her 2, 11 versus 2 (p = 0,006). Por estadios, no hubo diferencia. Por tratamiento indicado, cirugía fue de 49 pacientes versus 71 (p = 0,85). Hormonoterapia neoadyuvante 7 versus 1 (p = 0,058). Conclusiones: En periodo de pandemia hubo menor consulta por cáncer de mama. La mayoría por control imagenológico y lesiones palpables, sin diferencia en estos grupos entre ambos periodos. Hubo menos cirugías y más tratamientos con hormonoterapia neoadyuvante.

Introduction: Due to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic there has been a delay in oncological diagnosis and treatments potentially increasing mortality. Aim: To evaluate the effects of the pandemic in patients treated in Clinica Alemana with recent diagnosis of breast cancer, comparing the reason of consultation, stage and treatment to a similar time frame in 2019. Materials and Method: This is a retrospective, descriptive and quantitative study. Analyzing patients registry from April 1st to July 31st, 2020 compared with same time frame of 2019. Retrospective analysis of our database searching for reason of consultation, stage and treatment. Data analysis using STATA, T student test and Fisher exact test, considering significant a p < 0.05. Results: N156, 70 (44.87%) consultations in the 2020-time frame versus 86 (55.13%) in 2019 (p = 0.1). Mean age 55 years versus 58 (p = 0.38). Palpable tumor 25 versus 29 (p = 0.86). There was a difference in patients consulting due to personal breast oncological background, 0 versus 6 (p = 0.033) or familiar breast oncological background 0 versus 6 (p = 0.033). Breast images control 39 versus 53 (p = 0.5). In Pandemic more Her 2 tumors were diagnosed 11 versus 2 (p = 0.006). No differences in stages were observed. Upfront surgical treatment in 49 versus 71 patients (p = 0.85) and neoadjuvant hormonal treatment 7 versus 1 (p = 0.058). Conclusion: In the pandemic time frame there were less consultations due to breast cancer. The majority of the patients came because of a palpable tumor or breast image control without a significant difference compared with a similar time frame in previous year. There were less surgeries and more neoadjuvant hormonal treatments.

Using a Sweating Residuum/socket Interface Simulator for the Evaluation of Sweat Management Liners in Lower Limb Prosthetics.

BACKGROUND: Lab-based simulators can help to reduce variability in prosthetics research. However, they have not yet been used to investigate the effects of sweating at the residuum-liner interface. This work sought to create and validate a simulator to replicate the mechanics of residual limb perspiration. The developed apparatus was used to assess the effects of perspiration and different liner designs. METHODOLOGY: By scanning a cast, an artificial residuum was manufactured using a 3D-printed, transtibial bone model encased in silicone, moulded with pores. The pores allowed water to emit from the residuum surface, simulating sweating. Dry and sweating cyclic tests were performed by applying compressive and tensile loading, while measuring the displacement of the residuum relative to the socket. Tests were conducted using standard and perforated liners. FINDINGS: Although maximum displacement varied between test setups, its variance was low (coefficient of variation <1%) and consistent between dry tests. For unperforated liners, sweating increased the standard deviation of maximum displacement approximately threefold (0.04mm v 0.12mm, p<0.001). However, with the perforated liner, sweating had little effect on standard deviation compared to dry tests (0.04mm v 0.04mm, p=0.497). CONCLUSIONS: The test apparatus was effective at simulating the effect of perspiration at the residual limb. Moisture at the skin-liner interface can lead to inconsistent mechanics. Perforated liners help to remove sweat from the skin-liner interface, thereby mitigating these effects.

Bilateral microphthalmos with bilateral orbital cysts: individualising the treatment according to the visual potential. A case report. / Microftalmia bilateral asociada con quistes orbitarios. Manejo individualizado según el potencial visual. Reporte de caso clínico.

The case is presented of a 3-month-old infant diagnosed with microphthalmos and orbital cysts. Magnetic Resonance Imaging revealed a bilateral microphthalmia with a moderate right cyst and a severe left cyst. Visual potential of the right eye was uncertain. Non-surgical treatment was decided. At the age of 2 years old, physical examination showed a significant decrease of the cysts and visual acuity of hand movements due to the residual vision of his right eye. Microphthalmos with orbital cyst is a rare congenital anomaly. Cysts tend to enlarge with time. At the moment, no standard protocol for the management of this pathology has been described. Unlike in our patient, visual acuity in these patients is usually of no-light perception. The observation could be an alternative in severe cases, since there is a possibility of spontaneous reduction, displacement, or regression of the cysts.

Bevacizumab in recurrent ovarian cancer: could it be particularly effective in patients with clear cell carcinoma?

PURPOSE: Treatment of recurrent ovarian carcinoma is a challenge, particularly for the clear cell (CCC) subtype. However, there is a preclinical rationale that these patients could achieve a benefit from antiangiogenic therapy. To assess this hypothesis, we used the growth modulation index (GMI), which represents an intrapatient comparison of two successive progression-free survival (PFS). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective real-world study performed on 34 patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, treated with bevacizumab-containing regimens from January 2009 to December 2017. The primary endpoint was GMI. An established cut-off > 1.33 was defined as a sign of drug activity. RESULTS: 73.5% of patients had high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), and 17.7% had CCC; 70.6% of patients received carboplatin/gemcitabine/bevacizumab, and 29.4% received weekly paclitaxel/bevacizumab. According to histological subtype, the overall response rate and median PFS were 52% and 14 months for HGSOC and 83.3% and 20 months for CCC, respectively. The overall population median GMI was 0.99; it was 0.95 and 2.36 for HGSOC and CCC, respectively. CCC subtype was significantly correlated with GMI > 1.33 (odds ratio 41.67; 95% confidence interval 3.6-486.94; p = .03). CONCLUSION: Adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy in recurrent CCC is associated with a remarkable benefit in this cohort. The efficacy of antiangiogenic drugs in CCC warrants further prospective evaluation.

Incidence of venous thromboembolic events in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy: a single-institution experience.

BACKGROUND: Cancer and cancer therapies have been associated with an increased incidence of venous thromboembolic events (VTE). However, the incidence of VTE in patients on immunotherapy has not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of VTE in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy and ascertain its prognostic utility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a single-institution retrospective study, including all cancer patients treated with anti-Programmed cell Death 1 (PD-1), anti-Programmed cell Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1), anti-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 (CTLA4), a combination of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4 or a combination including any of these drugs with chemotherapy, antiangiogenic agents or both between June 2013 and April 2019 at La Paz University Hospital, Madrid (Spain). RESULTS: We selected 229 patients. VTE occurred in 16 of 229 patients (7%). VTE occurred more frequently in patients with lung cancer followed by melanoma. Female sex and melanoma were independently associated with an increased risk of VTE. 12 of 16 VTE (75%) were symptomatic. Progressive disease to immunotherapy [HR 31.60 (95% CI 11.44-87.22), p = 0.00], lung cancer [HR 2.55 (95% CI 1.34-4.86), p = 0.00] and melanoma [HR 2.42 (1.20-4.86), p = 0.01] were independently associated with shorter OS. VTE occurrence was not independently associated with shorter OS [HR 1.33 (95% CI 0.63-2.80), p = 0.44]. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of VTE in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy in our study appeared to be similar to the incidence previously reported in other series of cancer patients treated with systemic therapies. VTE occurrence did not correlate with the prognosis. Further and prospective studies are needed to derive definitive conclusions.

Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and other inflammatory markers in patients with high-risk soft tissue sarcomas.

BACKGROUND: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) have a high risk of relapse in spite of the use of (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. In this context, looking for new prognostic biomarkers is an interesting field of research. Our aim is to analyze the prognostic impact of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and other serum markers in patients with STS who received chemotherapy with curative intent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study. We included all patients with STS (primary tumor, local recurrence or resected metastatic disease) treated with high-dose ifosfamide and epirubicin with curative intent from January 2007 to December 2018. The pretreatment NLR and other serum markers were calculated, selecting the median as the cut-off value for the survival and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-nine patients were included. Median NLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) were 2.83, 174.05 and 3.25, respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly longer in patients with low NLR [not reached (NR) vs 21, 92 months, P < 0.01]. No significant differences were found for PFS regarding PLR or LMR. For overall survival (OS), a significant survival advantage was also found for patients with low NLR (NR vs 65.45 months, P = 0.01), without differences for PLR or LMR. In multivariate analysis, NLR remains an independent prognostic factor for PFS. CONCLUSION: In our cohort, low NLR was significantly associated with a longer PFS and OS, and is consolidated as an independent prognostic factor.

Increasing market opportunities for renewable energy technologies with innovations in aquifer thermal energy storage.

Heating and cooling using aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) has hardly been applied outside the Netherlands, even though it could make a valuable contribution to the energy transition. The Climate-KIC project "Europe-wide Use of Energy from aquifers" - E-USE(aq) - aimed to pave the way for Europe-wide application of ATES, through the realization and monitoring of six ATES pilot plants across five different EU countries. In a preceding paper, based on preliminary results of E-USE(aq), conclusions were already drawn, demonstrating how the barriers for this form of shallow geothermal energy can be overcome, and sometimes even leveraged as opportunities. Based on final pilot project results, key economic and environmental outcomes are now presented. This paper starts with the analysis of specific technological barriers: unfamiliarity with the subsurface, presumed limited compatibility with existing energy provision systems (especially district heating), energy imbalances and groundwater contamination. The paper then shows how these barriers have been tackled, using improved site investigation and monitoring technologies to map heterogeneous subsoils. In this way ATES can cost-efficiently be included in smart grids and combined with other sources of renewable (especially solar) energy, while at the same time achieving groundwater remediation. A comparative assessment of economic and environmental impacts of the pilots is included, to demonstrate the sustainability of ATES system with different renewables and renewable-based technologies. The paper concludes with an assessment of the market application potential of ATES, including in areas with water scarcity, and a review of climate beneficial impact.

Estudio de caso de quiste tirogloso lingual: una urgencia en la vía aérea del lactante menor / Lingual thyroglossal cyst case study: an airway emergency in the young infant

El quiste tirogloso es una de las principales causas de tumores congénitos en el cuello, cuyo sitio menos frecuente de presentación es la lengua; no obstante, es importante conocer esta ubicación, principalmente en los lactantes menores, ya que debido a sus características anatómicas presentan disnea ­como síntoma principal­ con diferentes grados de severidad, que puede llegar a comprometer su vía aérea y su vida. Se presentan dos casos de lactantes que ingresan por estridor y signos de falla ventilatoria: en principio, se les realizó una nasofibrolaringosocopia flexible, que evidenció una lesión de aspecto quístico en la base de la lengua; luego, se complementó con un estudio imagenológico, cuya primera opción diagnóstica fue un quiste tirogloso lingual; por último, se les realizó una microlaringoscopia de suspensión más una marsupialización endoscópica con corte frío y radiofrecuencia, lo que dio como resultado una adecuada evolución posoperatoria. Basados en los casos previos, proponemos un algoritmo de tratamiento que hace énfasis en el uso de imágenes diagnósticos y la técnica quirúrgica.

The thyroglossal cyst is one of the main causes of congenital neck tumors, being the tongue infrequent site of presentation. However, it´s relevant to know this location, mainly in young infants, since, due to its anatomical characteristics respiratory distress is a main finding, it could be presented in different degrees of severity, until it completely compromises the airway and the life of the patient. Two cases of infants are admitted due to stridor and signs of ventilatory failure are presented. In both cases, flexible nasofibrolaryngoscopy was performed, showing a cystic appearance lesion on the tongue, and a diagnostic study was subsequently completed with images giving the lingual thyroglossal cyst as the first diagnostic option. Both patients underwent surgical management with suspension microlaryngoscopy plus endoscopic marsupialization with cold cut and radiofrequency with adequate postoperative evolution. Based on the previous cases, we propose a management algorithm emphasizing the use of diagnostic images and surgical technique.

Paediatric optical coherence tomography normative databases: A real need. / Bases de datos normativas en edad pediátrica para tomografía de coherencia óptica: una clara necesidad.

INTRODUCTION: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become an essential tool in paediatric ophthalmology. However, none of the currently available OCT devices include any kind of normative database for the paediatric population, which can lead to important interpretation errors. OBJECTIVE: To review the paediatric OCT normative databases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The applications and implications of the use of paediatric OCT normative databases are reviewed. RESULTS: The paediatric normative databases that have been published so far in scientific literature with different OCT devices for Spanish and European population are presented. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge and interpretation of paediatric OCT normative databases in our daily clinical practice is crucial in order for the correct interpretation of OCT thickness maps.

Low carbon heating and cooling by combining various technologies with Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage.

A transition to a low carbon energy system is needed to respond to global challenge of climate change mitigation. Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) is a technology with worldwide potential to provide sustainable space heating and cooling by (seasonal) storage and recovery of heat in the subsurface. However, adoption of ATES varies strongly across Europe, because of both technical as well as organizational barriers, e.g. differences in climatic and subsurface conditions and legislation respectively. After identification of all these barriers in a Climate-KIC research project, six ATES pilot systems have been installed in five different EU-countries aiming to show how such barriers can be overcome. This paper presents the results of the barrier analysis and of the pilot plants. The barriers are categorized in general barriers, and barriers for mature and immature markets. Two pilots show how ATES can be successfully used to re-develop contaminated sites by combining ATES with soil remediation. Two other pilots show the added value of ATES because its storage capacity enables the utilization of solar heat in combination with solar power production. Finally, two pilots are realized in countries with legal barriers where ATES systems have not previously been applied at all.

The Influence of Perforated Prosthetic Liners on Residual Limb Wound Healing: a Case Report.

CASE DESCRIPTION: Good residual limb skin health is vital to successful prosthetic prescription. Unnatural loading profiles and excessive sweating can lead to skin and soft tissue problems. Perforated liners allow the transport of moisture away from the skin and allow negative pressure (a condition that has been shown to aid wound healing) to act directly on the residuum surface. AIM: Assess the effects of perforated prosthetic liner use, particularly with respect to wound healing. METHOD: Three patient histories were retrospectively reviewed following prescription of perforated prosthetic liners due to excessive sweating or prolonged residual limb health concerns. Photographic records from patient files were used to document changes in residual limb condition. Patients also provided subjective feedback regarding their experiences. FINDINGS: Two cases described active amputees with persistent blistering irritated during exercise. Another case described a patient of low mobility level with a history of residual limb skin infections. All saw their conditions heal and reported a reduction in problematic sweating. Two patients reported cancelling surgical interventions after substantial improvements with the perforated liner. DISCUSSION: These findings provide evidence that the use of perforated prosthetic liners allow improvements in residual limb health, while still permitting prosthetic use.

Metallaaromatic biaryl atropisomers.

Synthesis of stable irida-binaphthyl and -phenanthryl complexes, the first examples of metallaaromatic biaryl atropisomers, has been achieved. The combination of experimental and theoretical studies revealed that the nature of these systems is comparable to that of well-known 1,1'-binaphthalene both in terms of aromaticity and atropisomerism.

[Influence on the prescription of antiepileptic drugs in Spain (2006-2017) after evaluations of committees or commissions]. / Influencia en la prescripcion de antiepilepticos en España (2006-2017) tras evaluaciones de comites o comisiones.

INTRODUCTION: The drug evaluation in a defined market becomes more important if we manage to objectify the impact of it on health care professionals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: It has been collected all the information related to the autonomic committees of evaluation of drugs in a period of time (from April 2006 to May 2017) and in those who have produced reports related to the N3A therapeutic group (antiepileptics) and it has been measured the quantitative impact of their evaluations on the prescription habits of specialists in each of the autonomous communities and globally in Spain. RESULTS: The impact was measured by analyzing the sales data in units (IQVIA) by provinces and at national level of each product evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of the work carried out by the autonomous evaluation committees and by the therapeutic positioning reports in relation to the antiepileptic drugs has been practically non-existent or null. We consider from this forum the suitability or not to keep the investment of time, personnel and other resources in this type of approach.

TITLE: Influencia en la prescripcion de antiepilepticos en España (2006-2017) tras evaluaciones de comites o comisiones.Introduccion. La evaluacion de los medicamentos en un determinado mercado y entorno cobra una mayor importancia si se consigue objetivar el impacto que pueda producir en los profesionales sanitarios. Sujetos y metodos. Se ha recopilado toda la informacion relativa a los comites autonomicos de evaluacion de medicamentos en un periodo de tiempo definido (desde abril de 2006 a mayo de 2017), en los que se han elaborado informes de farmacos pertenecientes al grupo terapeutico N3A (antiepilepticos) y se ha determinado la repercusion en terminos cuantitativos de sus dictamenes sobre el habito de prescripcion de los especialistas en cada una de las comunidades autonomas y globalmente en España. Resultados. La repercusion se midio analizando los datos de ventas en unidades (IQVIA) por provincias y nacional de cada uno de los productos evaluados. Conclusiones. El impacto de los trabajos realizados tanto por los comites autonomicos de evaluacion como por los informes de posicionamiento terapeutico en lo relativo a los farmacos antiepilepticos ha sido practicamente inexistente o nulo. Nos planteamos la idoneidad o no de mantener la inversion de tiempo, personal y otros recursos en este tipo de estrategias.