Embodied strategies for public speaking anxiety: evaluation of the Corp-Oral program.

Background: Public speaking is an indispensable skill that can profoundly influence success in both professional and personal spheres. Regrettably, managing anxiety during a speech poses a significant challenge for many of the population. This research assessed the impacts of a Corp-Oral program, designed to manage public speaking anxiety in university students, based on, body awareness, embodied message techniques, simulation, embodied visualization, body transformation, and gesture enhancement. Methods: Thirty-six students (61% women; Mage = 20.22, SD = 1.23 years) were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 18), which underwent the Corp-Oral program, or a control group (n = 18). Self-perceived anxiety, heart rate, and electroencephalography were measured in a pre-test and a post-test. Results: The study reveals that the Corp-Oral program significantly (p < 0.005) reduced both physiological responses (heart rate) and self-reported measures of anxiety. The alteration was more noticeable in self-reported anxiety measures (a decrease of 33.217%) than in heart rate (a decrease of 4.659%). During the speech, the experimental group exhibited increased cortical activation in areas related to emotional regulation, consciousness, sensorimotor integration, and movement control. A significant increase in frontal alpha asymmetry was observed for the experimental group in the post-test, but there were no significant variations in the theta/beta ratio. Conclusion: These findings underline the benefit of managing public speaking anxiety not merely by reducing it but by channeling it through embodied strategies. These strategies could lead to greater action awareness that would cushion the physiological effect of the anxiety response and help generate a better self-perception of the anxiety state.

New Images for Old Symbols: Meanings That Children Give to a Traditional Game.

Traditional games are considered agents of enculturation. This article explores the procedure to access the cultural meanings transmitted in a traditional game. The goal is to understand what children aged 6-11 make of the game called 'the chained bear' and to compare the meanings retrieved with those of different traditional versions of the game. For such a purpose, through an exploratory cross-sectional study, cartoons depicting people playing the game were exhibited and viewers (n = 359; age range: 6-11; Mean age = 8.79; SD = 1.81) were asked to interpret them as a drama play, as well as contributing a title, a plot and saying how they would name the characters. The results show that, beyond the individual images that each child created in their mind, most of them coincided in stories about harassment and defense and theft and protection. These plots match those of the ludic tradition, showing that the actions evoke different pictures to each individual, but share common cultural meanings in turn. The study shows a procedure to access the meanings that traditional games transmit and confirms that games contain pieces of culture, which makes them agents of enculturation.

Brain Activity during Different Throwing Games: EEG Exploratory Study.

The purpose of this study is to explore the differences in brain activity in various types of throwing games by making encephalographic records. Three conditions of throwing games were compared looking for significant differences (simple throwing, throwing to a goal, and simultaneous throwing with another player). After signal processing, power spectral densities were compared through variance analysis (p ≤ 0.001). Significant differences were found especially in high-beta oscillations (22-30 Hz). "Goal" and "Simultaneous" throwing conditions show significantly higher values than those shown for throws without opponent. This can be explained by the higher demand for motor control and the higher arousal in competition situations. On the other hand, the high-beta records of the "Goal" condition are significantly higher than those of the "Simultaneous" throwing, which could be understood from the association of the beta waves with decision-making processes. These results support the difference in brain activity during similar games. This has several implications: opening up a path to study the effects of each specific game on brain activity and calling into question the transfer of research findings on animal play to all types of human play.

Dentro de la escuela, con la escuela adentro: indagando en el proceso de socialización personal sobre el cuerpo en los recreos y en la clase de educación física a través de un ejercicio de trio-etnografía / Na escola, com a escola incorporada: pesquisando o processo de socialização pessoal sobre o corpo no recreio e em aulas de educação física por meio de um exercício de trietnografia / In school, with school within: exploring the process of personal socialization under the body in recess and in physical education classes through a trio-ethnography exerciset

Mediante una “trio-etnografía” tres docentes comparan la escuela que vivieron en su infancia con la que observan en la actualidad y con su ideal de escuela. En torno a dos situaciones de una jornada escolar (el recreo y la clase de EF), tratan de identificar las diferentes presencias de lo corporal en la escolarización. Este contraste entre recuerdo, presente e ideal les permite reflexionar sobre la escolarización corporal en un sistema que evoluciona y que intentan superar. Mediante una narración etnográfica interpretativa, el objetivo del texto es sugerir nuevos relatos personales que atiendan a temas como el recreo como sistema de coacción y compensación, con códigos ajenos al profesorado e influenciado por prácticas sociales extraescolares; las oportunidades de atender a la globalidad en las clases de educación física, y de que todo el alumnado progrese en el desarrollo de su potencial motriz y la aceptación de su realidad corporal y la de otros.

Through a “trio-ethnography” exercise, three teachers compared their childhood schools with their ideal schools. Based on two situations from a school day (recess and PE class), they identified distinct bodily presences at school. Such triple contrast among memory, present and ideal allows them to reflect on bodies’ schooling within a changing system that the authors attempt to overcome. Throughout interpretative ethnographic narration, the text presents new personal accounts on issues such as recess as a coercion and compensation system, with codes different from teachers’ and influenced by extracurricular social practices, and opportunities for integrating people globally in PE classes, we all as promoting each student’s motor potential and the acceptance of his or her as well as others’ physical reality.

Por meio de uma “trietnografia”, três docentes comparam a escola que frequentaram na infância com uma observada atualmente e com o que entendem como escola ideal. Em torno de duas situações de uma jornada escolar (o recreio e a aula de Educação Física) identificaram as diferentes presenças do corporal na escolarização. Este triplo contraste entre memória, presente e ideal permite refletir sobre a escolarização do corpo em um sistema que evolui e que os autores procuram superar. A partir da narrativa etnográfica interpretativa, o objetivo deste texto é apresentar novos relatos pessoais que tratem de temas como o recreio como sistema de coerção e compensação, com códigos alheios aos professores e influenciado por práticas sociais extraescolares; as oportunidades de atender às pessoas de maneira global nas aulas de Educação Física e de que todos os alunos avancem no desenvolvimento de seu potencial motor e na aceitação da sua realidade física e da dos outros.

Dentro de la escuela, con la escuela adentro: indagando en el proceso de la propia socialización sobre el acceso al colegio y el cuerpo en el aula a través de un ejercicio de trio-etnografía / Na escola, com a escola incorporada: pesquisando o processo de socialização pessoal sobre o acesso à escola e o corpo em sala de aula por meio de um exercício de tri-etnografia / In school, with school within: exploring personal socialization at school and the body in the classroom through a trioethnography exercise

Através de un ejercicio de “trio-etnografía”, tres docentes comparan la escuela a la que asistieron en su infancia con otra que observan en la actualidad y con lo que entienden como escuela ideal. En torno a dos situaciones de una jornada escolar (llegada a la escuela, en el aula) identificaron las diferentes presencias de lo corporal en la escolarización. Ese triple contraste entre memoria, presente e ideal permite reflexionar sobre la escolarización del cuerpo en un sistema que evoluciona y que, a su vez, los autores intentan superar. A partir de una narración etnográfica interpretativa, el objetivo de este texto es presentar al lector nuevos relatos personales que traten de temas como las marcas corporales de la ruptura con el entorno de protección familiar, los cuerpos escolarizados, los cuerpos silenciados, objetivados y rutinizados, los cuerpos expuestos, castigados o acosados, cuerpos seguros e inseguros.

Por meio de um exercício de “tri-etnografia”, três docentes comparam a escola que frequentaram na infância com uma observada atualmente e com o que entendem como escola ideal. Em torno de duas situações de uma jornada escolar (chegada na escola, em sala de aula) identificaram as diferentes presenças do corporal na escolarização. Este triplo contraste entre memória, presente e ideal permite refletir sobre a escolarização do corpo em um sistema que evolui e que, por sua vez, os autores procuram superar. A partir da narrativa etnográfica interpretativa, o objetivo deste texto é apresentar ao leitor novos relatos pessoais que tratem de temas como as marcas corporais da ruptura com o ambiente de proteção familiar; os corpos escolarizados; corpos silenciados, objetivados e rotinizados; corpos expostos, punidos ou assediados; corpos seguros e inseguros.

By means of a ‘trio-ethnography’ exercise, three teachers compare the schools they attended with a current school and with their ideal school. Using two situations from a school day (entering the school; in the classroom), they identify situations and moments where the body is present in schooling. This triple contrast between memory, present and ideal allows them to understand ideas and reflections upon bodies’ schooling within a changing system that, in turn, the authors attempt to overcome. Based on interpretive ethnographic narration, the text suggests new personal stories dealing with issues such as physical marks of the rupture with the family protection environment, schooled bodies, silenced, targeted and routinized bodies, exposed bodies, punished or harassed bodies, or confident and unconfident bodies.

Observación y análisis de las experiencias del alumnado en educación física escolar: procedimiento para la observación y análisis de juegos motores / Observation and analysis of the experiences of physical education students in school: procedure for the observation and analysis of game engines

Si entendemos que la calidad de la enseñanza está en la calidad de las experiencias por las que pasa el estudiante, deberemos definir cuáles son los principios pedagógicos que consideramos “interesantes” y tratar de acercarnos a qué supone para el alumnado participar en la lección (o conjunto de lecciones) propuestas. En este documento se intenta mostrar algunos de los principios que orientan las prácticas del Grupo Incorpora, así como algunos de los procedimientos de observación y análisis que seguimos para intentar aproximarnos a las experiencias que el alumnado vive en nuestras lecciones de Educación Física Escolar, y más concretamente en las que desarrollan el tema de juegos motoresreglados. A este procedimiento lo denominamos “análisis integral” de los juegos en Educación Física Escolar y en él se intenta atender a procesos personales, a dimensiones estructurales, culturales y didácticas.

If we believe that a quality teaching depends on the quality of students’ experiences, we have first to define which pedagogical principles we consider as interesting, as well as we have to get a closer view of what participation in the lessons means to the students. This paper try to show some of the pedagogical principles defended Revista Educaciónby Grupo Incorpora, as well as some research processes we follow in order to approach to student experiences in our Physical Education lessons and more particularly, in lessons focused on games. We name this approach “multidimensional analysis”, which includes personal processes, structural aspects, cultural dimensions and educational implications.