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Background: The objective is to determine the prevalence of household food insecurity (HFI) based on sociodemographic factors and their relationship to obesity in youth. Methods: The study included a sample of 1,962 youth (aged 6-18) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The US Household Food Security Survey Module is used to measure food security over the past 12 months. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) while controlling for covariates. Results: In total, 27.4% of the individuals surveyed experienced HFI. Youth from food insecure households were more likely to be obese (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.59 [95% confidence interval: 1.19-2.13]) and also having abdominal obesity (aOR: 1.56 [95% CI: 1.19-2.03]). however, factors such as non-Hispanic ethnicity, having a Head of household with a college degree, and households with an income exceeding 350% of the poverty line were associated with a reduced risk of facing HFI. Conclusion: Hispanic individuals, households with lower parental education levels, and lower family incomes, are disproportionately affected by food insecurity. Furthermore, HFI has been associated with an increased risk of overweight and abdominal obesity among youth. Addressing FI requires targeted policies and interventions that prioritize vulnerable groups.
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Insegurança Alimentar , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Fatores Sociodemográficos , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Feminino , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Criança , Características da Família , Prevalência , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) marked by rectal and colon inflammation, leading to relapsing symptoms. Its prevalence is increasing, particularly in developed nations, impacting patients' health. While its exact cause remains unclear, genetic and environmental factors are implicated, elevating the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Colectomy, though declining, is still performed in select UC cases, necessitating further study. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Iranian Registry of Crohn's and Colitis (IRCC) to examine UC patients undergoing colectomy. We collected demographic and clinical data from 91 patients, focusing on dysplasia. Statistical analyses assessed dysplasia risk factors. RESULTS: Patients with dysplasia were older at diagnosis and surgery compared to those without dysplasia. Age emerged as a significant risk factor for dysplasia in UC patients undergoing colectomy. No significant associations were found between dysplasia and other factors. CONCLUSION: Age plays a crucial role in dysplasia risk among UC patients undergoing colectomy. Older age at diagnosis and surgery may indicate a higher risk of dysplasia and CRC. Clinicians should consider age when managing UC patients and implementing screening protocols. Further research with larger samples is needed to confirm these findings.
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Colectomia , Colite Ulcerativa , Sistema de Registros , Humanos , Colite Ulcerativa/cirurgia , Colectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Adolescente , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Background: Engaging in physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary behaviors among youth are linked to improved mental and physical health. This study aimed to examine demographic differences among youth adhering to PA and Screen Time (ST) recommendations. Methods: The present study utilized data from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The NHANES survey employed a cross-sectional design and gathered information on the daily duration of moderate-to-vigorous PA lasting 60 min or more, as well as the maximum daily ST not exceeding 2 h. The analysis encompassed a total of 1697 youth aged between 6 and 17 years. Results: Overall, 36.3% of participants adhered to PA recommendations, 20.9% adhered to ST recommendations and 10.8% of youth met both recommendations. The odds of meeting PA, ST and both recommendations were inversely associated with obesity (obese vs. normal: aOR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.42-0.75]), (aOR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.48-0.94]) and (aOR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.32-0.82]) respectively, and age (14-17 years vs. 6-9 years: aOR, 0.2 [95% CI, 0.15-0.27]), (aOR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.23-0.47]) and (aOR, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.09-0.3]) respectively. Conclusion: A small portion of the youth met PA and ST recommendations. Older youth, youth with obesity, and youth with a parent or guardian who had not completed a high school education were particularly at risk.
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BACKGROUND: Data on the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Middle East are scarce. We aimed to describe the clinical phenotype, disease course, and medication usage of IBD cases from Iran in the Middle East. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of registered IBD patients in the Iranian Registry of Crohn's and Colitis (IRCC) from 2017 until 2022. We collected information on demographic characteristics, past medical history, family history, disease extent and location, extra-intestinal manifestations, IBD medications, and activity using the IBD-control-8 questionnaire and the Manitoba IBD index, admissions history, history of colon cancer, and IBD-related surgeries. RESULTS: In total, 9746 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) (n=7793), and Crohn's disease (CD) (n=1953) were reported. The UC to CD ratio was 3.99. The median age at diagnosis was 29.2 (IQR: 22.6,37.6) and 27.6 (IQR: 20.6,37.6) for patients with UC and CD, respectively. The male-to-female ratio was 1.28 in CD patients. A positive family history was observed in 17.9% of UC patients. The majority of UC patients had pancolitis (47%). Ileocolonic involvement was the most common type of involvement in CD patients (43.7%), and the prevalence of stricturing behavior was 4.6%. A prevalence of 0.3% was observed for colorectal cancer among patients with UC. Moreover,15.2% of UC patients and 38.4% of CD patients had been treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF). CONCLUSION: In this national registry-based study, there are significant differences in some clinical phenotypes such as the prevalence of extra-intestinal manifestations and treatment strategies such as biological use in different geographical locations.
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Colite Ulcerativa , Doença de Crohn , Fenótipo , Sistema de Registros , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Adulto , Doença de Crohn/epidemiologia , Colite Ulcerativa/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , AdolescenteRESUMO
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are two gasotransmitters that are produced in the human body and have a key role in many of the physiological activities of the various organ systems. Decreased NO bioavailability and deficiency of H2S are involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Restoration of NO levels have favorable metabolic effects in diabetes. The role of H2S in pathophysiology of diabetes is however controversial; H2S production is decreased during development of obesity, diabetes, and its complications, suggesting the potential therapeutic effects of H2S. On the other hand, increased H2S levels disturb the pancreatic ß-cell function and decrease insulin secretion. In addition, there appear to be important interactions between NO and H2S at the levels of both biosynthesis and signaling pathways, yet clear an insight into this relationship is lacking. H2S potentiates the effects of NO in the cardiovascular system as well as NO release from its storage pools. Likewise, NO increases the activity and the expression of H2S-generating enzymes. Inhibition of NO production leads to elimination/attenuation of the cardioprotective effects of H2S. Regarding the increasing interest in the therapeutic applications of NO or H2S-releasing molecules in a variety of diseases, particularly in the cardiovascular disorders, much is to be learned about their function in glucose/insulin metabolism, especially in diabetes. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of the individual and the interactive roles of NO and H2S in carbohydrate metabolism.
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Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Gasotransmissores/metabolismo , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Obesidade/metabolismo , Animais , Humanos , Secreção de Insulina , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Fatty liver disease is commonly associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis of hepatocytes. This study was designed to investigate the combinational therapeutic effects of curcumin (CMN) and Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups: NAFLD-induced rats, NAFLD-induced rats + CMN, NAFLD-induced rats + UDCA, and NAFLD-induced rats that received CMN + UDCA. CMN (200 mg/kg) and UDCA (80 mg/kg) was administered orally for 14 and 28 consecutive days. Biochemical and histopathological analysis were conducted in all the groups. It was seen that co-administration of CMN and UDCA significantly reduced fatty degeneration, cellular necrosis, edema, and immune cell infiltration compared to non-treated NAFLD-induced rats. Whereas, combinational therapy caused a significant decrease in levels of SGOT and SGPT enzymes and expression of p53, caspase III, iNOS and bcl-2 mRNA and proteins, in variant with the treatment of CMN and UDCA, respectively. Co-administration of CMN and UDCA was also associated with the restoration of the levels of serum TG and HDL-C however, had no effect on LDL-C. It also resulted in an in TAC, GSH- PX, and SOD and decrease in MDA level. Our study concludes that combinational therapy of CMN and UDCA is effective for the treatment of NAFLD, as compared to their solo treatment.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Curcumina/uso terapêutico , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Ursodesoxicólico/uso terapêutico , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Quimioterapia Combinada , Fígado/enzimologia , Masculino , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/etiologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Ácido Ursodesoxicólico/administração & dosagemRESUMO
ABSTRACT This study was done to investigate the synergistic impacts hydro extract of jujube fruit in combination with Mesalazine (orally) and Asacol (intra-colonic) administration in ameliorating animal model of ulcerative colitis (UC). After the induction of UC and with the development of signs, the treatment groups daily received the hydro extract of jujube fruit (200 mg/kg, orally, enema), Mesalazine (30 mg/kg, orally) and Asacol (10 mg/kg, enema). After 10 days, rats were euthanized and were studied. Findings indicated a significant increase in Myeloperoxidase (161.66 ± 10.40), Nitric oxide (216.01 ± 17.55), IL-6 (138.54 ± 7.02), and TNF-α (123.87 ± 9.80) colon tissue levels and pathological damage of positive control group compared with the negative control group. Hydro extract of jujube fruit in combination with Mesalazine (orally) and Asacol (intra-colonic) group represented a higher capability in significantly decreasing Myeloperoxidase (73.33 ± 9.07), Nitric oxide (81.66 ± 10.50), IL-6 (51.69 ± 5.19), TNF-α (30.59 ± 5.50) levels and pathological damage in compared with the other treatment groups. Considering accessibility and affordability of jujube fruit and the side effects of routine drugs, taking a combination of jujube fruit with low doses of routine pharmaceutical drugs can improve and cure ulcerative colitis disease.
RESUMO Este estudo foi realizado para investigar os impactos sinérgicos do extrato aquoso do fruto da jujuba em combinação com a administração de Mesalazina (por via oral) e Asacol (intracolônico) na melhora do modelo animal de colite ulcerativa. Após a indução da colite ulcerativa e com o desenvolvimento de sinais, os grupos de tratamento receberam diariamente o extrato aquoso do fruto da jujuba (200 mg/kg, via oral, enema), Mesalazina (30 mg/kg, via oral) e Asacol (10 mg/kg, enema). Após 10 dias, os ratos foram eutanasiados e estudados. Os achados indicaram um aumento significativo dos níveis de mieloperoxidase (161,66 ± 10,40), óxido nítrico (216,01 ± 17,55), IL-6 (138,54 ± 7,02) e TNF-α (123,87 ± 9,80) no tecido do cólon e dano patológico do grupo controle positivo comparado com o grupo controle negativo. O extrato aquoso da fruta de jujuba em combinação com Mesalazina (oral) e Asacol (intracolônico) representou maior capacidade de redução significativa dos níveis de mieloperoxidase (73,33 ± 9,07), óxido nítrico (81,66 ± 10,50), IL-6 (51,69 ± 5,19), TNF-α (30,59 ± 5,50) e dano patológico em comparação com os outros grupos de tratamento. Considerando a acessibilidade e disponibilidade do fruto da jujuba e dos efeitos colaterais dos medicamentos de rotina, tomar uma combinação de jujuba com baixas doses de medicamentos farmacêuticos de rotina pode melhorar e curar a colite ulcerativa.
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Animais , Ratos , Colite Ulcerativa , Mesalamina , Ziziphus , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Interleucina-6 , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Peroxidase , Óxido NítricoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: A large body of literature has revealed the association between vitamin D3-VDR complex and obesity. The aim of the present study was to survey the rate of the VDR polymorphisms in obese women and to determine whether there may be an association between VDR BsmI and Tru9I haplotypes and obesity in Iranian Azeri Turkish women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 65 Iranian Azeri Turkish women were enrolled in the study and PCR amplification and direct sequencing of PCR products were used for genotypings. RESULTS: The findings of this study showed that VDR BsmIG allele, VDR BsmI G/G genotype, VDR BsmI A/A genotype, Tru9IA allele and Tru9I A/A genotype were more frequent in obese women compared to controls. The frequency of VDR BsmIG/Tru9IA (GA), VDR BsmIG/Tru9IG (GG), VDR BsmIA/Tru9IG (AG), and VDR BsmIA/Tru9IA (AA) haplotypes were 19.74%, 42.11%, 38.16% and 0% in cases, and 11.11%, 40.74%, 42.59 and 5.56% in controls. Statistically significant differences were found between cases and controls regarding the VDR AA haplotype (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrated that the VDR AA haplotype frequency was significantly lower in subjects with obesity compared with normal controls. This study shows that the VDR AA haplotype is significantly associated with a decreased risk of obesity in the tested group. This report is the first of its kind in the West Azerbaijani population.
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BACKGROUND: To assess the therapeutic effects of oral zinc supplementation on acute watery diarrhea of children with moderate dehydration. METHODS: All 9-month to 5-year-old children who were admitted with acute watery diarrhea and moderate dehydration to the Children Ward of Motahari Hospital, Urmia, Iran in 2008 were recruited. After the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the patients were randomly allocated to two groups: one group to receive zinc plus oral rehydration solution (ORS) and the other one to receive ORS plus placebo. All the patients were rehydrated using ORS and then receiving ORS for ongoing loss (10 ml/kg after every defecation). Additionally, the patients in the intervention group received zinc syrup (1 mg/kg/day) divided into two doses. A detailed questionnaire was filled daily for each patient by trained pediatrics residents; it contained required demographic characteristics, nutrition and hydration status, and disease progression. The primary outcome (frequency and consistency of diarrhea) and the secondary outcomes (duration of hospitalization and change in patients' weight) were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean diarrhea frequency (4.5±2.3 vs. 5.3±2.1; P=0.004) was lower in the group receiving zinc +ORS; however, the average weight was relatively similar between the two groups (10.5±3.1 vs. 10.1±2.3; P=0.14). The qualitative assessment of stool consistency also confirmed earlier improvement in the treatment group in the first three days of hospitalization (P <0.05). The mean duration of hospitalization was significantly lower in the patients receiving zinc supplements (2.5±0.7 vs. 3.3±0.8 days; P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results imply the beneficial effects of therapeutic zinc supplementation on disease duration and severity in patients with acute diarrhea and moderate dehydration in Iran. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: IRCT201201241580N2.
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Association between celiac disease and intussusception has been reported in adult. Although intussusception is common in children, it rarely has been reported in association with celiac disease. Two children, 5 and 7 years old, with celiac disease are reported here, whose initial presentation was intussusception prior to investigation for concomitant failure to thrive. They presented with acute and severe abdominal distention with vomiting, and donuts and pseudo-kidney appearance in abdominal ultrasonography. One patient's intussusception had reducted spontaneously, however the other had required surgery. In investigation for concomitant failure to thrive, tissue transglutaminase levels were very high and duodenal biopsies revealed celiac disease. Thus celiac testing is recommended in children with intussusception and growth failure.
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PURPOSE: Our aim was to determine association of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and idiopathic hypercalciuria in children with recurrent and single episode of urinary tract infection (UTI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 45 children with VUR and recurrent UTI, and 2 control groups: 45 normal healthy children (control group 1) and 45 children with VUR and single episode of UTI (control group 2). Idiopathic hypercalciuria was defined as urine calcium to creatinine ratio more than 0.8 (mg/mg) in infants younger than 1 year old, and more than 0.2 (mg/mg) in older children (without any detectable causes for hypercalciuria). RESULTS: The study group consisted of 26 (57.8%) girls and 19 (42.2%) boys, with the mean age of 41.14 +/- 22.1 months. Nine (20%) subjects had hypercalciuria. The control group 1 composed of 22 (48.9%) girls and 23 (51.1%) boys, with the mean age of 43.98 +/- 16.23 months. In this group, 6 subjects (13.3%) with hypercalciuria were detected. The control group 2 composed of 23 (51.1%) girls and 22 (48.9%) boys, with the mean age of 39.96 +/- 24.2 months. In group 2, 7 subjects (15.6%) with hypercalciuria were detected. CONCLUSION: Comparison between such results was not statistically significant. Despite reports of different studies about accompanying of hypercalciuria with recurrent UTI with or without anatomical abnormalities, according to the present study, idiopathic hypercalciuria is not a major contributing factor to recurrent UTI in children with VUR.