An analysis of pharmaceutical care for critical patients of an adult Intensive Care Unit

Abstract This work analyzed the pharmacotherapeutic problems identified by the clinical pharmacist in an intensive care unit (ICU) and the acceptance of pharmaceutical interventions in solving these problems. This is a descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study, carried out in the adult ICU of a public hospital. All patients hospitalized during the study period had their pharmacotherapy monitored and those whose stay at the ICU lasted less than 24 hours were excluded. The pharmacotherapeutic problems were classified according to type, cause, acceptability/implementation, mode of intervention, outcome and related pharmacotherapeutic group. 302 patients were followed up and 350 pharmacotherapeutic problems were identified. Most of them were classified as unnecessary drug-treatment (n=186; 53.1%). The most frequent causes were excessive drug administration (n=181; 97.3%), and antimicrobials was the main group of drugs associated to that type of problem. 350 pharmaceutical interventions were performed, highlighting "prescriber informed only" (n=178; 50.9%), with an average acceptability of 90.7%, with those carried out on site being more effective (93.4%). The number of pharmacotherapeutic problems that were totally solved was 282 (80.6%). Clinical pharmacy activities in the ICU identified, prevented and corrected pharmacotherapeutic problems, contributing to the optimization of pharmacotherapy in aspects related to the need, efficacy and safety of treatments.

Prevalência de tabagismo em docentes de uma instituição de ensino superior / Prevalence of smoking in teachers of an institution of superior education

O tabagismo é uma das maiores preocupações da sociedade moderna, devido aos efeitos deletérios que acarreta na população.O hábito de fumar vem aumentando progressivamente, não havendo controle eficaz dos órgãos de saúde pública para regular e coibir tal prática. O conhecimento da prevalência do tabagismo é necessário para a realização de programas institucionais adequados que visem à diminuição do número de fumantes. Pensando nesta situação e sabendo da importância do ensino universitário na formação de hábitos e costumes, principalmente entre a população jovem, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência do tabagismo em docentes de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior. Nesta análise foi aplicado um questionário a 336 docentes da instituição, composto por 22 questões fechadas qualiquantitativas, no período de maio a novembro de 2005. Constatou-se prevalência de tabagismo entre os docentes de 8,34%.A prevalência quanto ao gênero foi de 68% entre homens e 32% entre mulheres (p < 0,05). A maioria fumava há mais de 10 anos (61%) e iniciaram o tabagismo antes dos 20 anos de idade. A faixa etária de maior prevalência foi entre 31-40 anos (5,36%). As áreas com maior e menor prevalência foram a de humanas e sociais aplicadas com 11,5% e de saúde com 6,14%, respectivamente. Embora a prevalência encontrada tenha sido menor que a de outros estudos realizados no Brasil, deve-se levar em consideração a população estudada, sendo necessário reforçar as campanhas institucionais para o combate ao tabagismo, principalmente nas áreas de ciências humanas e sociais, com número elevado de fumantes em relação aos não-fumantes, já que a postura docente pode infl uenciar o comportamento dos acadêmicos.

Smoking is one of the most important preoccupations of modern society due to its negative effects on population. The tendency to smoke has progressively increased, and there is no effective control by public health authorities in order to regulate or preventit. Knowledge with respect to the prevalence of tobacco smoking is necessary for implementing proper institutional programs with the aimof reducing the amount of smokers. Considering this situation and aware of the importance of higher education for the formation of habitsand customs, mainly within the youngsters, this article aims at determining the prevalence of tobacco smoking among Professors from higher education institution. In this analysis a questionnaire with 22 qualitative-quantitative closed questions was given to 336 Professors, from May through November, 2005. Smoking prevalence was verifi ed among the Professors of 8.34%. the prevalence regarding gender was 68% for male and 32% for female (p <0.05). Most smokers have smoked for more than 10 years (61%), and began smoking beforetheir 20s. The most prevalent age was 31-40 yr (5.36%). Domains with higher and lower prevalence were found in Human and Applied Social Sciences (11.5%) and Health Sciences (6.14%), respectively. Although the prevalence found was smaller in relation to other studies carried out in Brazil, it the studied population should be taken considered, as it is necessary to reinforce institutional campaigns against smoking, mainly for the Human and Social Science domains, which present the highest number of smokers in relation to non-smokers, asthe Professor´s attitude may influence the students’ behavior.