Time-course and dose-effect of omalizumab in treating chronic idiopathic urticaria/chronic spontaneous urticaria.

PURPOSE: Several studies have shown that subcutaneous injections of omalizumab can treat chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria (CIU/CSU) patients by only assessing the efficacy on specific endpoints. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze different doses of omalizumab in CIU/CSU and compare it with ligelizumab. METHODS: Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. A model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) was utilized to develop a model incorporating time since the initiation of treatment and dose for omalizumab, with the change from baseline in Urticaria Activity Score (CFB-UAS7) as the primary efficacy endpoint. The time-course and dose-effect relationship throughout the omalizumab treatment period was analyzed, and the findings were compared with those of the investigational ligelizumab. RESULTS: The model equation for the CFB-UAS7 was established as E = -Emax × time/(ET50 + time) × (b0 + b1 × dose). The estimated values of the model parameters E max , ET 50 , b 0 , and b 1 were -1.16, 1.26 weeks, -9.90, and -0.0361 mg-1, respectively. At week 12 after the first dose, the model-predicted CFB-UAS7 for 150 mg and 300 mg of omalizumab were -16.0 (95% CI, -17.2 to -14.8) and -21.7 (95% CI, -22.9 to -20.5), respectively. In the PEARL-1 trial, the CFB-UAS7 for 72 mg and 120 mg of ligelizumab were -19.4 (95% CI, -20.7 to -18.1) and -19.3 (95% CI, -20.6 to -18.0), respectively. In the PEARL-2 trial, these values were -19.2 (95% CI, -20.5 to -17.9) and -20.3 (95% CI, -21.6 to -19.0), respectively. CONCLUSION: Omalizumab showed a significant dose-dependent effect in the treatment of CSU. Both 72 mg and 120 mg ligelizumab might have the potential to outperform 150 mg (but not 300 mg) omalizumab.

High Performance Indium-Tin-Oxide Schottky Diodes for Terahertz Band Operation.

Schottky diode, capable of ultrahigh frequency operation, plays a critical role in modern communication systems. To develop cost-effective and widely applicable high-speed diodes, researchers have delved into thin-film semiconductors. However, a performance gap persists between thin-film diodes and conventional bulk semiconductor-based ones. Featuring high mobility and low permittivity, indium-tin-oxide has emerged to bridge this gap. Nevertheless, due to its high carrier concentration, indium-tin-oxide has predominantly been utilized as electrode rather than semiconductor. In this study, a remarkable quantum confinement induced dedoping phenomenon was discovered during the aggressive indium-tin-oxide thickness downscaling. By leveraging such a feature to change indium-tin-oxide from metal-like into semiconductor-like, in conjunction with a novel heterogeneous lateral design facilitated by an innovative digital etch, we demonstrated an indium-tin-oxide Schottky diode with a cutoff frequency reaching terahertz band. By pushing the boundaries of thin-film Schottky diodes, our research offers a potential enabler for future fifth-generation/sixth-generation networks, empowering diverse applications.

Functionality of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi varies across different growth stages of maize under drought conditions.

Physio-biochemical regulations governing crop growth period are pivotal for drought adaptation. Yet, the extent to which functionality of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) varies across different stages of maize growth under drought conditions remains uncertain. Therefore, periodic functionality of two different AM fungi i.e., Rhizophagus irregularis SUN16 and Glomus monosporum WUM11 were assessed at jointing, silking, and pre-harvest stages of maize subjected to different soil moisture gradients i.e., well-watered (80% SMC (soil moisture contents)), moderate drought (60% SMC), and severe drought (40% SMC). The study found that AM fungi significantly (p < 0.05) affected various morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters at different growth stages of maize under drought. As the plants matured, AM fungi enhanced root colonization, glomalin contents, and microbial biomass, leading to increased nutrient uptake and antioxidant activity. This boosted AM fungal activity ultimately improved photosynthetic efficiency, evident in increased photosynthetic pigments and photosynthesis. Notably, R. irregularis and G. monosporum improved water use efficiency and mycorrhizal dependency at critical growth stages like silking and pre-harvest, indicating their potential for drought resilience to stabilize yield. The principal component analysis highlighted distinct plant responses to drought across growth stages and AM fungi, emphasizing the importance of early-stage sensitivity. These findings underscore the potential of incorporating AM fungi into agricultural management practices to enhance physiological and biochemical responses, ultimately improving drought tolerance and yield in dryland maize cultivation.

Development of growth selection system and pocket engineering of d-amino acid oxidase to enhance selective deamination activity toward d-phosphinothricin.

D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO)-catalyzed selective oxidative deamination is a very promising process for synthesizing l-amino acids including l-phosphinothricin ( l-PPT, a high-efficiency and broad-spectrum herbicide). However, the wild-type DAAO's low activity toward unnatural substrates like d-phosphinothricin ( d-PPT) hampers its application. Herein, a DAAO from Caenorhabditis elegans (CeDAAO) was screened and engineered to improve the catalytic potential on d-PPT. First, we designed a novel growth selection system, taking into account the intricate relationship between the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the catalytic mechanism of DAAO. The developed system was used for high-throughput screening of gene libraries, resulting in the discovery of a variant (M6) with significantly increased catalytic activity against d-PPT. The variant displays different catalytic properties on substrates with varying hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. Analysis using Alphafold2 modeling and molecular dynamic simulations showed that the reason for the enhanced activity was the substrate-binding pocket with enlarged size and suitable charge distribution. Further QM/MM calculations revealed that the crucial factor for enhancing activity lies in reducing the initial energy barrier of the reductive half reaction. Finally, a comprehensive binding-model index to predict the enhanced activity of DAAO toward d-PPT, and an enzymatic deracemization approach was developed, enabling the efficient synthesis of l-PPT with remarkable efficiency.

Dual-targeted fluorescent probe for tracking polarity and phase transition processes during lipophagy.

Eukaryotic cells regulate various cellular processes through membrane-bound and membrane-less organelles, enabling active signal communication and material exchange. Lysosomes and lipid droplets are representative organelles, contributing to cell lipophagy when their interaction and metabolism are disrupted. Our limited understanding of the interacting behaviours and physicochemical properties of different organelles during lipophagy hinders accurate diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. In this contribution, we report a fluorescent probe, PTZ, engineered for dual-targeting of lipid droplets and lysosomes. PTZ can track liquid-liquid phase separation and respond to polarity shifts through ratiometric fluorescence emission, elucidating the lipophagy process from the perspective of organelle behavior and physicochemical properties. Leveraging on the multifunctionality of PTZ, we have successfully tracked the polarity and dynamic changes of lysosomes and lipid droplets during lipophagy. Furthermore, an unknown homogeneous transition of lipid droplets and lysosomes was discovered, which provided a new perspective for understanding lipophagy processes. And this work is expected to serve as a reference for diagnosis and treatment of lipophagy-related diseases.

Stable and Durable Superhydrophobic Cotton Fabrics Prepared via a Simple 1,4-Conjugate Addition Reaction for Ultrahigh Efficient Oil-Water Separation.

Superhydrophobic materials used for oil-water separation have received wide attention. However, the simple and low-cost strategy for making durable superhydrophobic materials remains a major challenge. Here, this work reports that stable and durable superhydrophobic cotton fabrics can be prepared using a simple two-step impregnation process. Silica nanoparticles are surface modified by hydrolysis condensation of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). 1,4-conjugate addition reaction between the acrylic group of cross-linking agent pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) and the amino group of octadecylamine (ODA) forms a covalent cross-linked rough network structure. The long hydrophobic chain of ODA makes the cotton fabric exhibit excellent superhydrophobic properties, and the water contact angle (WCA) of the fabric surface reaches 158°. The modified cotton fabric has good physical and chemical stability, self-cleaning, and anti-fouling. At the same time, the modified fabric shows excellent oil/water separation efficiency (98.16% after 20 cycles) and ultrahigh separation flux (15413.63 L m-2 h-1) due to its superhydrophobicity, superoleophilicity, and inherent porous structure. The method provides a broad prospect in the future diversification applications of oil/water separation and oil spill cleaning.

The m6A reader HNRNPC promotes glioma progression by enhancing the stability of IRAK1 mRNA through the MAPK pathway.

Glioma is the most common and aggressive type of primary malignant brain tumor. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification widely exists in eukaryotic cells and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of human tumors. However, the function and mechanism of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC), an RNA-binding protein and m6A reader in gliomas remains to be comprehensively and extensively explored. Herein, we found that HNRNPC mRNA and protein overexpression were associated with a poor prognosis for patients with gliomas, based on the data from TCGA, the CGGA, and the TMAs. Biologically, HNRNPC knockdown markedly repressed malignant phenotypes of glioma in vitro and in vivo, whereas ectopic HNRNPC expression had the opposite effect. Integrative RNA sequencing and MeRIP sequencing analyses identified interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) as a downstream target of HNRNPC. The glioma public datasets and tissue microarrays (TMAs) data indicated that IRAK1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis, and IRAK1 knockdown significantly repressed malignant biological behavior in vitro. Mechanistically, HNRNPC maintains the mRNA stability of IRAK1 in an m6A-dependent manner, resulting in activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which was necessary for the malignant behavior of glioma. Our findings demonstrate the HNRNPC-IRAK1-MAPK axis as a crucial carcinogenic factor for glioma and the novel underlying mechanism of IRAK1 upregulation, which provides a rationale for therapeutically targeting epitranscriptomic modulators in glioma.

Karyotype Description and Comparative Chromosomal Mapping of 5S rDNA in 42 Species.

This study was conducted to evaluate the 5S rDNA site number, position, and origin of signal pattern diversity in 42 plant species using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The species were selected based on the discovery of karyotype rearrangement, or because 5S rDNA had not yet been explored the species. The chromosome number varied from 14 to 160, and the chromosome length ranged from 0.63 to 6.88 µm, with 21 species having small chromosomes (<3 µm). The chromosome numbers of three species and the 5S rDNA loci of nineteen species are reported for the first time. Six 5S rDNA signal pattern types were identified. The 5S rDNA varied and was abundant in signal site numbers (2-18), positions (distal, proximal, outside of chromosome arms), and even in signal intensity. Variation in the numbers and locations of 5S rDNA was observed in 20 species, whereas an extensive stable number and location of 5S rDNA was found in 22 species. The potential origin of the signal pattern diversity was proposed and discussed. These data characterized the variability of 5S rDNA within the karyotypes of the 42 species that exhibited chromosomal rearrangements and provided anchor points for genetic physical maps.

Electrochemically fast preparation of superhydrophobic copper mesh for high-efficiency oil spill adsorption and oil-water separation.

Oily wastewater and marine oil spills are a massive environmental and human threat. Conventional oil spill treatment methods include adsorption by absorbent materials, dispersants or adsorbents, and in situ burning. Superhydrophobic materials, as a material that can achieve oil-water separation, have great potential for application in oil spill treatment. Research on superhydrophobic oil spill treatment mainly focuses on materials such as sponges and fabrics. Although these materials can effectively perform oil-water separation or oil spill adsorption, they also have the disadvantages of complicated preparation methods and high costs. Here, we present a miniature device for oil-water separation and oil spill collection and recovery. The superhydrophobic copper mesh box can be used on its own as an oil-water separation device or in combination with a commercial polyurethane sponge as a miniature oil-absorbing device. The robust copper mesh is prepared in two steps: anodizing and impregnation. The superhydrophobic copper mesh had a high oil separation flux (32,330 L m-2 h-1) and efficiency (97%), which remained high (28,560 L m-2 h-1) and efficient (95%) after 20 cycles of separation. The combined micro oil adsorption device can adsorb different oils and fats on the water surface, and it has good reusability with oil adsorption capacity and efficiency up to 15.28 g/g and 98% and still has good oil adsorption capacity (11.54 g/g) and efficiency (94.6%) after 20 cycles of adsorption. Therefore, the prepared micro oil-absorbing device has promising application prospects in oil-water separation, oil spill cleanup, etc. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: This study demonstrates a facile electrochemical approach to prepare a miniature device for high-efficiency oil-water separation and oil spill collection and recovery. The modified copper mesh's separation flux could reach 32,330 L m-2 h-1, showing great promise in oil-water separation and oil spill cleanup.

Based on CiteSpace Insights into Illicium verum Hook. f. Current Hotspots and Emerging Trends and China Resources Distribution.

Illicium verum Hook. f. is a globally significant spice, which is recognized in China as a food-medicine homolog and extensively utilized across the pharmaceutical, food, and spice industries. China boasts the world's leading resources of I. verum, yet its comprehensive utilization remains relatively underexplored. Through a resource survey of I. verum and the application of bibliometric visualization using CiteSpace, this study analyzed 324 papers published in the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) from 1962 to 2023 and 353 core documents from China's three major databases (CNKI, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database). I. verum from Guangxi province towards various southern provinces in China, with autumn fruits exhibited superior quality and market value over their spring fruits. Literature in WOSCC emerged earlier, with a research emphasis on food science technology and pharmacology pharmacy domains. WOSCC research on I. verum could be divided into two phases: an embryonic period (1962-2001) and a growth period (2002-2023), showing an overall upward trend in publication. The three major Chinese databases contain a larger number of publications, with a focus on the food sector, which could be categorized into three stages: an embryonic period (1990-1999), a growth period (2000-2010), and a stable period (2011-2023), with an overall downward trend in publication. Both Chinese and international research hotspots converge on the medical applications of I. verum, with antioxidant bioactivity research emerging as a prevailing trend. This study delineated the resource distribution of I. verum across China and identified the research hotspots and trends both in China and internationally. The findings are beneficial for guiding researchers in swiftly establishing their research focus and furnishing decision-makers with a comprehensive reference for industry information.

Robust Superhydrophobic Films Based on an Eco-Friendly Poly(l-lactic acid)/Cellulose Composite with Controllable Water Adhesion.

Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) featuring desirable biodegradability and biocompatibility has been recognized as one of the promising eco-friendly biomaterials. However, low crystallization and poor mechanical and chemical performances dramatically hamper its practical application. In this work, we report that functionalized cellulose/PLLA composite superhydrophobic stereocomplex films with controllable water adhesion and protein adsorption can be fabricated by a facile approach for the first time. First, cellulose is surface-modified by means of two silanization modification methods. Then, superhydrophobic cellulose/PLLA composite films are prepared through a solvent-evaporation-induced phase separation method. The two cellulose/PLLA composite films exhibit extreme water repellency but tunable water adhesion from sticky to slippery. The protein adsorption capacity of the cellulose/PLLA composite films can also be regulated. In addition, the stereocomplexation of the composite film provides excellent mechanical properties with an elongation at break of 22.36%, which is 237.8% higher than that of a pure PLLA film, which is more suitable for biomaterials. Furthermore, good biodegradability of the PLLA composite films in nature enables the bio-based composites as alternative materials to replace conventional petroleum-based polymers. The superhydrophobic films have also been demonstrated for many applications, including slippery surfaces, liquid transportation without loss, and antifouling.

Clinical features of plastic bronchitis in children after congenital heart surgery.

BACKGROUND: Plastic bronchitis (PB) can occur in patients who have undergone congenital heart surgery (CHS). This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of PB in children after CHS. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the electronic medical record system. The study population consisted of children diagnosed with PB after bronchoscopy in the cardiac intensive care unit after CHS from May 2016 to October 2021. RESULTS: A total of 68 children after CHS were finally included in the study (32 in the airway abnormalities group and 36 in the right ventricular dysfunction group). All children were examined and treated with fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Pathogens were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 41 children, including 32 cases in the airway abnormalities group and 9 cases in the right ventricular dysfunction group. All patients were treated with antibiotics, corticosteroids (intravenous or oral), and budesonide inhalation suspension. Children with right ventricular dysfunction underwent pharmacological treatment such as reducing pulmonary arterial pressure. Clinical symptoms improved in 64 children, two of whom were treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) due to recurrent PB and disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: Children with airway abnormalities or right ventricular dysfunction after CHS should be alerted to the development of PB. Pharmacological treatment such as anti-infection, corticosteroids, or improvement of right ventricular function is the basis of PB treatment, while fiberoptic bronchoscopy is an essential tool for the diagnosis and treatment of PB. ECMO assistance is a vital salvage treatment for recurrent critically ill PB patients.

Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: From clinical evidence to potential mechanisms.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a typical chronic microvascular complication of diabetes, characterized by proteinuria and a gradual decline in renal function. At present, there are limited clinical interventions aimed at preventing the progression of DN to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, Chinese herbal medicine presents a distinct therapeutic approach that can be effectively combined with conventional Western medicine treatments to safeguard renal function. This combination holds considerable practical implications for the treatment of DN. AIM OF THE STUDY: This review covers commonly used Chinese herbal remedies and decoctions applicable to various types of DN, and we summarize the role played by their active ingredients in the treatment of DN and their mechanisms, which includes how they might improve inflammation and metabolic abnormalities to provide new ideas to cope with the development of DN. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With the keywords "diabetic nephropathy," "Chinese herbal medicine," "clinical effectiveness," and "bioactive components," we conducted an extensive literature search of several databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang database, to discover studies on herbal formulas that were effective in slowing the progression of DN. The names of the plants covered in the review have been checked at MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org). RESULTS: This review demonstrates the superior total clinical effective rate of combining Chinese herbal medicines with Western medicines over the use of Western medicines alone, as evidenced by summarizing the results of several clinical trials. Furthermore, the review highlights the nephroprotective effects of seven frequently used herbs exerting beneficial effects such as podocyte repair, anti-fibrosis of renal tissues, and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism through multiple signaling pathways in the treatment of DN. CONCLUSIONS: The potential of herbs in treating DN is evident from their excellent effectiveness and the ability of different herbs to target various symptoms of the condition. However, limitations arise from the deficiencies in interfacing with objective bioindicators, which hinder the integration of herbal therapies into modern medical practice. Further research is warranted to address these limitations and enhance the compatibility of herbal therapies with contemporary medical standards.

Exercised-enriched blood plasma rescues hippocampal impairments and cognitive deficits in an Alzheimer's disease model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and moderate exercise holds promise in ameliorating the ongoing neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Here, we investigated whether exercise-enriched blood plasm could yield a beneficial therapeutic effect on AD pathologies and cognitive decline in transgenic AD (P301S) mice. In this investigation, a cohort of 2-month-old C57BL/6 mice were granted continuous access to either a running wheel or a fixed wheel for 6 weeks. After that, their plasmas were extracted and subsequently injected intravenously into 4.5-month-old P301S mice biweekly over a 6-week period. A comprehensive methodology was then employed, integrating behavioral tests, pathology assessments, and biochemical analyses to unveil the potential anti-dementia implications of exercise-enriched blood plasma in P301S mice. Upon systemic administration, the findings revealed a noteworthy attenuation of hippocampus-dependent behavioral impairments in P301S mice. Conversely, blood plasma from sedentary counterparts exhibited no discernible impact. These effects were intricately associated with the mitigation of neuroinflammation, the augmentation of hippocampal adult neurogenesis, and a reduction of synaptic impairments following the administration of exercise-enriched blood plasma. These findings advance the proposition that administering exercise-enriched blood plasma may serve as an effective prophylactic measure against AD, opening avenues for further exploration and potential therapeutic interventions.

A cross-sectional study exploring the relationship between oxidative balance score and 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2020).

BACKGROUND: The intricate interaction between oxidative stress and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is an essential area of research because of the potential role of oxidative homeostasis in regulating ASCVD risk. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the oxidative balance score (OBS) and the 10-years risk of ASCVD to gain insight into how oxidative balance affects cardiovascular health. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2020 data (40-79 age group), exploring OBS's link to 10-years ASCVD risk. OBS categorized dietary and lifestyle factors. Multivariate logistic regression controlled for age, sex, race, and demographics. A restricted cubic spline examined linear relationships; robustness was ensured through subgroup analyses. RESULTS: Analysis of 4955 participants reveals a negative association between OBS and 10-years ASCVD risk. Continuous OBS adjusted OR: 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95∼0.99, p < .001). Quartile analysis shows reduced risk in Q2 0.88 (95% CI: 0.63∼1.22, p = .43), Q3 0.92 (95% CI: 0.66∼1.28, p = .614), and Q4 0.59 (95% CI: 0.42∼0.83, p = .002) compare Q1. Quartile analysis indicated decreasing risk in higher OBS quartiles. Lifestyle OBS and Dietary OBS demonstrated similar trends. Stratified analyses highlight race and hypertension as effect modifiers (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests an association between higher OBS and a reduced 10-years ASCVD risk. However, causation should not be inferred, and in the future, more extensive clinical and fundamental research is required to delve deeper into this association.

Half of the 18O enrichment of leaf sucrose is conserved in leaf cellulose of a C3 grass across atmospheric humidity and CO2 levels.

The 18O enrichment (Δ18O) of cellulose (Δ18OCel) is recognized as a unique archive of past climate and plant function. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the proportion of oxygen in cellulose (pex) that exchanges post-photosynthetically with medium water of cellulose synthesis. Particularly, recent research with C3 grasses demonstrated that the Δ18O of leaf sucrose (Δ18OSuc, the parent substrate for cellulose synthesis) can be much higher than predicted from daytime Δ18O of leaf water (Δ18OLW), which could alter conclusions on photosynthetic versus post-photosynthetic effects on Δ18OCel via pex. Here, we assessed pex in leaves of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) grown at different atmospheric relative humidity (RH) and CO2 levels, by determinations of Δ18OCel in leaves, Δ18OLGDZW (the Δ18O of water in the leaf growth-and-differentiation zone) and both Δ18OSuc and Δ18OLW (adjusted for εbio, the biosynthetic fractionation between water and carbohydrates) as alternative proxies for the substrate for cellulose synthesis. Δ18OLGDZW was always close to irrigation water, and pex was similar (0.53 ± 0.02 SE) across environments when determinations were based on Δ18OSuc. Conversely, pex was erroneously and variably underestimated (range 0.02-0.44) when based on Δ18OLW. The photosynthetic signal fraction in Δ18OCel is much more constant than hitherto assumed, encouraging leaf physiological reconstructions.

Ferroelectric compute-in-memory annealer for combinatorial optimization problems.

Computationally hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are ubiquitous in many applications. Various digital annealers, dynamical Ising machines, and quantum/photonic systems have been developed for solving COPs, but they still suffer from the memory access issue, scalability, restricted applicability to certain types of COPs, and VLSI-incompatibility, respectively. Here we report a ferroelectric field effect transistor (FeFET) based compute-in-memory (CiM) annealer for solving larger-scale COPs efficiently. Our CiM annealer converts COPs into quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) formulations, and uniquely accelerates in-situ the core vector-matrix-vector (VMV) multiplication operations of QUBO formulations in a single step. Specifically, the three-terminal FeFET structure allows for lossless compression of the stored QUBO matrix, achieving a remarkably 75% chip size saving when solving Max-Cut problems. A multi-epoch simulated annealing (MESA) algorithm is proposed for efficient annealing, achieving up to 27% better solution and ~ 2X speedup than conventional simulated annealing. Experimental validation is performed using the first integrated FeFET chip on 28nm HKMG CMOS technology, indicating great promise of FeFET CiM array in solving general COPs.

The Emerging Star of Carbon Luminescent Materials: Exploring the Mysteries of the Nanolight of Carbon Dots for Optoelectronic Applications.

Carbon dots (CDs), a class of carbon-based nanomaterials with dimensions less than 10 nm, have attracted significant interest since their discovery. They possess numerous excellent properties, such as tunability of photoluminescence, environmental friendliness, low cost, and multifunctional applications. Recently, a large number of reviews have emerged that provide overviews of their synthesis, properties, applications, and their composite functionalization. The application of CDs in the field of optoelectronics has also seen unprecedented development due to their excellent optical properties, but reviews of them in this field are relatively rare. With the idea of deepening and broadening the understanding of the applications of CDs in the field of optoelectronics, this review for the first time provides a detailed summary of their applications in the field of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, and photodetectors. In addition, the definition, categories, and synthesis methods of CDs are briefly introduced. It is hoped that this review can bring scholars more and deeper understanding in the field of optoelectronic applications of CDs to further promote the practical applications of CDs.