RESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main bacterial agents responsible for cases of mastitis in ruminants, playing an important role in the persistence and chronicity of diseases treated with antimicrobials. Using the multilocus sequence typing technique, network approaches and study of the population diversity of microorganisms, we performed analyzes of S. aureus (ES-GPM) isolated from goats with persistent mastitis (GPM). The most strains of ES-GPM were categorically different phylogenetically from the others and could be divided into two lineages: one with a majority belonging to ES-GPM and the other to varied strains. These two lineages were separated by 27 nuclear polymorphisms. The 43 strains comprised 22 clonal complexes (CCs), of which the ES-GPM strains were present in CC133, CC5 and a new complex formed by the sequence type 4966. The genetic diversity of some alleles showed be greater diversity and polymorphism than others, such as of the aroE and yqiL genes less than glpF gene. In addition, the sequences ES-GPM to the arc gene and glpF alleles showed the greatest number of mutations for ES-GPM in relation to non-ES-GPM. Therefore, this study identified genetic polymorphisms characteristic of S. aureus isolated from milk of goats diagnosed with persistent mastitis after the failed treatment with the antibiotic enrofloxacin. This study may help in the future to identify and discriminate this agent in cases of mastitis, and with that, the most appropriate antibiotic treatment can be performed in advance of the appearance of persistent mastitis caused by the agent, reducing the chances of premature culling and animal suffering.
Assuntos
Enrofloxacina/farmacologia , Variação Genética , Doenças das Cabras/tratamento farmacológico , Mastite/tratamento farmacológico , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus/métodos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Brasil , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Feminino , Geografia , Doenças das Cabras/diagnóstico , Doenças das Cabras/microbiologia , Cabras , Mastite/diagnóstico , Mastite/microbiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Leite/microbiologia , Filogenia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiologiaRESUMO
Here we report, for the first time, the complete mitochondrial genome of Astyanax giton which, together with other species, are popularly known as tetras. The mitogenome's length is 16,643 bp, containing 13 protein-encoding genes (CDS), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNA), 22 RNA transfer (tRNA) and one control region (D-loop). As for other vertebrates, all genes are encoded on the heavy strand except for ND6 and eight tRNA genes. In the phylogenetic analyses, this species and other Astyanax were paraphyletic.