Metastatic Acral lentiginous melanoma: A case report and review.

Of the four subtypes of cutaneous melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is atypical in its presentation. ALM is a rare melanoma subtype that presents on the volar surfaces of the hand and foot. The difficulty of making an early diagnosis of ALM is highlighted by the case seen in our institution. The dire prognosis associated with ALM is postulated to be not only related to its destructive nature, but also due to a lack of patient awareness and vigilance, inadequate physician awareness, and disparity in healthcare access. We present this as a unique account of an ALM lesion in a 76 year old African-American male presenting originally in the left foot that went misdiagnosed for several years. The original lesion was considered to be an ulcerating left great toe lesion with signs typical of osteomyelitis. These clinical findings were corroborated by radiological x-ray evidence. Upon amputation and biopsy for suspected worsening osteomyelitis five years later, the pathological diagnosis of melanoma was finally made.

The cholesterol-lowering effect of statins is potentiated by whole grains intake. The Polish Norwegian Study (PONS).

BACKGROUND: Hypercholesterolemia treatment guidelines emphasize an adequate whole grains (WG) intake, alone or complementary to pharmacological treatment. We conducted this study to compare the prevalence of adequate WG intake and levels of blood lipids according to the statin/WG intake status. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis of a community-based study included 12,754 men and women, age 45-64. Statin use over past 30days was recorded by trained nurses. Food intake over past 12months was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Adequate WG intake was defined as ≥3oz-equivalents/day, representing ≥3WGservings/day. RESULTS: The prevalence of an adequate WG intake was marginally superior in statin users (26.79%) than non-users (21.51%). This superiority was attenuated after multiple covariates adjustment (PR 1.12, 95%CI 1.02-1.22). Statin users with an adequate WG intake had lower multivariable-adjusted mean blood total cholesterol (185.14mg/dL vs. 190.14mg/dL) and LDL cholesterol (103.30mg/dL vs. 108.19mg/dL) than those with an inadequate WG intake. Statin users with an adequate WG intake had lower odds (OR, 95% CI) of having TC≥240mg/dL (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46-0.98) and lower odds of having LDL≥100mg/dL (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58-0.89), compared to statin users with inadequate WG intake. A subgroup analysis restricted to those with prevalent CVD yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS: In this community based sample of middle-aged adults, only one in four statin users had adequate whole grain intake. Statin users with adequate WG intake had statistically and clinically significant lower levels of blood total- and LDL-cholesterol.

Predictors of Self-Reported Family Health History of Breast Cancer.

The objective of this study was to identify predictors of self-reported family health history of breast cancer in an ethnically diverse population of women participating in a breast cancer screening program. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire about their demography, health, breast health and family health history of breast cancer. The association between family health history of breast cancer and categorical variables were analyzed using the T test, chi square, and multi-nominal logistic regression. Those who were least likely to report a family history of cancer were African Americans (p = 0.02), and immigrant women from South America (p < 0.001) and Africa (p = 0.04). However, 34.4 % reported having a second-degree maternal relative with breast cancer compared to 6.9 % who reported having a second degree paternal relative with breast cancer. Therefore, there is a need to increase efforts to educate families about the importance of collecting and sharing one's family health history.

Dinner Bed and Breakfast for Older People: early experiences of a short-term service to manage acute hospital demand.

AIMS: The paper describes a service (Dinner Bed and Breakfast [DBB]) to provide short-term rest home care to acutely unwell elderly people as an alternative to acute hospital admission. This was part of a larger project to manage acute general hospital demand. Service changes were introduced after an initial audit cycle and key outcomes monitored. METHOD: Retrospective audit of patient data for three audit periods. RESULTS: The interim outcomes (at conclusion of DBB funding) in the initial audit were 46% of patients able to return home, 32% remained in the rest home, and 22% were admitted to hospital. The proportion of patients returning home from DBB increased to 68% over the study period. At final outcome (at end of index illness), the return home rate increased from 73% to 85% and the number requiring permanent rest home care decreased from 22% to 14%. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term rest home care may be a viable alternative to acute hospital care, but the service needs to include appropriate patient selection, multidisciplinary care, and ongoing monitoring of patient outcomes. One of the risks of this service is patients staying on in rest home care. Short-term enhanced home care may be preferable to rest home care to avoid this risk. The shift of care (from acute hospital to community) caused strain on specialist geriatric services, which was not planned or funded.

Family meetings--a qualitative exploration of improving care planning with older people and their families.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the opinions of participants in family meetings to improve the quality of this important rehabilitation tool. DESIGN: Qualitative exploration of opinions and experience from staff, patients and families. SETTING: Tertiary teaching geriatric rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Staff, families and patients who had recently participated in family meetings. METHODS: Focus groups, written surveys and individual semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: Three main themes were identified in the staff focus groups-preparation, staff skills and aftermath. Opinions from family members revealed a high level of satisfaction. The patient interviews revealed a worrying lack of informed consent and lack of clarity of the purpose. All three groups identified an unclear agenda as the underlying reason for unsatisfactory meetings. An unfavourable outcome decision (such as placement in institutional care) also influenced patient opinions on the process. The majority of patients found the family meeting to be helpful. CONCLUSIONS: Family meetings are much appreciated by patients and their families. A model of the family meeting process is proposed to account for our research findings and as a means to improve meetings. Adequate preparation and consent, and skilled facilitation may improve the effectiveness of family meetings while maintaining the patient's sense of autonomy.

The chronic child patient: ensuring continuity of care.

Children under state supervision who are identified as needing long-term psychiatric care often do not have the opportunity to benefit from consistent mental health treatment. The difficulties in establishing a consensus about long-term treatment and the problems resulting from an absence of anyone consistently involved with the child over time are illustrated by a case history. Appointment of an "overseer" in such cases is argued for, and guidelines for this role are elaborated.