Unravelling the novel sex determination genotype with 'ZY' and a distinctive 2.15-2.95 Mb inversion among poplar species through haplotype-resolved genome assembly and comparative genomics analysis.

Populus tomentosa, an indigenous tree species, is widely distributed and cultivated over 1,000,000 km2 in China, contributing significantly to forest production, ecological conservation and urban-rural greening. Although a reference genome is available for P. tomentosa, the intricate interspecific hybrid origins, chromosome structural variations (SVs) and sex determination mechanisms remain confusion and unclear due to its broad and even overlapping geographical distribution, extensive morphological variations and cross infiltration among white poplar species. We conducted a haplotype-resolved de novo assembly of P. tomentosa elite individual GM107, which comprises subgenomes a and b with a total genome size of 714.9 Mb. We then analysed the formation of hybrid species and the phylogenetic evolution and sex differentiation across the entire genus. Phylogenomic analyses suggested that GM107 likely originated from a hybridisation event between P. alba (♀) and P. davidiana (♂) approximately 3.8 Mya. A total of 1551 chromosome SVs were identified between the two subgenomes. More noteworthily, a distinctive inversion structure spanning 2.15-2.95 Mb was unveiled among Populus, Tacamahaca, Turaga, Aigeiros poplar species and Salix, highlighting a unique evolutionary feature. Intriguingly, a novel sex genotype of the ZY type, which represents a crossover between XY and ZW systems, was identified and confirmed through both natural and artificial hybrids populations. These novel insights offer significant theoretical value for the study of the species' evolutionary origins and serve as a valuable resource for ecological genetics and forest biotechnology.

Mechanism of desuccinylation of G6PD mediated by SIRT7 to promote vitiligo disease progression.

BACKGROUND: Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) is pivotal in diverse diseases progression. Importantly, SIRT7 is associated with melanin production. However, whether SIRT7 regulates vitiligo is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of SIRT7 on pigmentation and the modification of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). METHODS: After knockdown SIRT7 and G6PD, pigmentation of melanocytes was evaluated using commercial kits, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis. The succinylation of G6PD mediated by SIRT7 was analyzed using co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis, and cycloheximide-chase experiment. RESULTS: We found that SIRT7 was highly expressed in vitiligo skin lesions. Knockdown of SIRT7 increased tyrosinase activity, melanin content, and the levels of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, MITF, TYR, TRP1, and TRP2. Additionally, SIRT7 directly interacted with G6PD. Silenced SIRT7 promoted the succinylation of G6PD and enhanced its protein stability. G6PD knockdown reversed the effect of reduced SIRT7 expression on melanin production. CONCLSUION: Silencing of SIRT7 promotes pigmentation of melanocytes by succinylating G6PD, suggesting that SIRT7-mediated G6PD desuccinylation may promote vitiligo progression.

Nonlocality of mixtures of the ground and first excited states within $J_{1}-J_{2}$ Heisenberg model.

We investigate both bipartite and multipartite nonlocality in the $J_{1}-J_{2}$ Heisenberg model. Bipartite nonlocality is measured by the CHSH inequality, while multipartite nonlocality is explored through Bell-type inequalities. Our findings reveal that neither ground-state nor full thermal-state nonlocality reliably characterizes quantum phase transitions (QPTs). However, we uncover that the mixed-state nonlocality of the ground and first excited states exhibits distinctive characteristics applicable to both bipartite and multipartite scenarios. We also demonstrate how mixed-state quantum correlation behaviors depend on varying temperature regimes. In the bipartite case, we observe a phenomenon known as "correlation reversal" with increasing temperature, a previously unreported occurrence in other models. For the multipartite case, the ability to signify phase transitions is significantly enhanced as the temperature rises. Furthermore, we discover a linear scaling effect that provides valuable insights for extrapolating QPTs in the thermodynamic limit as $N \rightarrow \infty$. Additionally, we identify the critical temperature at which mixed-state nonlocality becomes a reliable indicator of phase transitions.

Occurrence and risk factors for post-stroke delirium: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Delirium is a significant health concern in acute stroke patients. We aim to systematically summarize existing evidence to conduct a meta-analysis to quantify the occurrence and risk factors for delirium after acute stroke. METHOD: PubMed, EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched from inception to Feb. 2023 for prospective observational studies that reported the incidence or prevalence of post-stroke delirium and/or evaluated potential risk factors. The search strategy was created using controlled vocabulary terms and text words for stroke and delirium. We performed a meta-analysis of the estimates for occurrence and risk factors using random-effects models. Meta-regression and subgroup meta-analyses were conducted to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Study quality and quality of evidence were assessed using the customized Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and GRADE, respectively. RESULTS: Forty-nine studies that enrolled 12383 patients were included. The pooled occurrence rate of post-stroke delirium was 24.4 % (95 %CI, 20.4 %-28.9 %, I2=96.2 %). The pooled occurrence of hyperactive, hypoactive, and mixed delirium was 8.5 %, 5.7 % and 5.0 %, respectively. Study location, delirium assessment method and stroke type independently affected the heterogeneity of the pooled estimate of delirium. Statistically significant risk factors were older age, low education level, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, atrial fibrillation, lower ADL level, higher pre-stroke mRS score, premorbid cognitive impairment or dementia, aphasia, total anterior circulation impairment, higher National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score and infection. CONCLUSIONS: Delirium affected 1 in 4 acute stroke patients, although reported rates may depend on assessment method and stroke type. Timely prevention, recognition and intervention require prioritizing patients with dominant risk factors.

Pyrogallic acid-compatibilized polylactic acid/thermoplastic starch blend produced via one-step twin-screw extrusion.

In this study, a one-step extrusion method is proposed to prepare blended polylactic acid (PLA)/thermoplastic starch (TPS) using a novel plant-derived compatibilizer, pyrogallic acid (PGA), to enhance the PLA/TPS compatibility. The effects of PGA on the mechanical behavior, fractured cross-section morphology, thermal and dynamic mechanical performance, and water resistance of PLA/TPS blends were systematically studied. Results demonstrate that the addition of PGA effectively improves the compatibility between TPS and PLA, resulting in enhanced tensile strength, crystallinity, elongation at break, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity of the blends. Specifically, incorporating 1.5 phr of PGA into the blend system yields the highest values for tensile strength (23.38 MPa) and elongation at break (16.96 %), which are 24.7 % and 233.2 %, respectively, higher than those observed for pure PLA/TPS blends. Furthermore, other properties exhibit obvious improvements upon incorporation of PGA into the blends. This approach provides a promising strategy for enhancing the performance of PLA/TPS blends and expanding their applications in food packaging, agricultural film, etc.

Multiresponse Liquid Metal Bionic Flexible Actuator.

The flexible actuator has attracted significant interest for its ability to respond flexibly to external stimuli, especially for renewable natural energy sources. However, the flexible actuator faces issues such as inadequate sensitivity and inability to achieve synergistic responses. Therefore, we prepared a highly sensitive flexible actuator by mixing liquid metal (LM) with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), graphene oxide (GO), and coating the resulting mixtures onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate materials using the rod coating process. The flexible actuator responds quickly to near-infrared light and humidity and can be rapidly transformed from flat to curved with a maximum angular change of 540°. By demonstrating the flexible actuator in action, it can be used to create a crawling robot that mimics the movement of an inchworm on a leaf, as well as a gripper capable of lifting objects 5 times its weight, and a crawling robot that moves forward, turns left, and then right. Flexible actuators hold significant promise for applications in emerging fields such as advanced bionics and artificial intelligence.

Construction of neural network model for exercise load monitoring based on yoga training data and rehabilitation therapy.

The Internet of Things is based on the traditional Internet and its purpose is to achieve information exchange between users and devices, as well as between devices. The rapid development of sensor technology, communication network technology, and computer technology has enriched the coverage of the Internet of Things, including a wide range of intelligent applications such as healthcare, smart cities, and smart homes. The development of high-performance computing and machine learning technologies has promoted the wide application of intelligent auxiliary systems in sports medicine. With the rapid development of yoga in the field of sports, athletes can play the various functions of yoga, improve their physical strength and quality, and improve their strength, flexibility, etc., cultivate positive, optimistic, and healthy emotions, and these are conducive to rehabilitation treatment after sports injuries. Therefore, it is feasible and feasible to introduce yoga training into the monitoring of the exercise load of athletes. In this paper, neural network technology was used to break the traditional training method based on experience. Based on yoga training data, through experimental exercise research, it could explore a new effective way to monitor exercise load and rehabilitation treatment, and build an exercise load monitoring model of the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) neural network. By sorting out the data, statistics and analysis of the data, this article confirmed the effect of yoga training on reducing fatigue after exercise. The experimental results showed that the prediction value obtained by the ACO neural network model was 9.106, and the error was only -0.003 compared to the actual detection value of 9.109. This result showed that the ACO neural network model can perfectly fit the functional relationship between yoga training level and exercise load and has high prediction accuracy. This also marked that the development of high-performance computing systems has entered a new journey in the field of sports and health.

Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitor 5-Phenylcarbamoylpentyl Selenocyanide (SelSA) Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Downregulating Phosphorylation of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Pathway.

Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) enzyme plays a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes related to cancer, and inhibition of HDAC6 is emerging as an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Although several hydroxamate-based HDAC6 inhibitors showed promising anticancer activities, the intrinsic defects such as poor selectivity, stability, and pharmacokinetics limited their application. In this study, a potent selenocyanide-bearing HDAC6 inhibitor, 5-phenylcarbamoylpentyl selenocyanide (SelSA), was evaluated for its antihepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) activity and further explored for its antitumor mechanisms. In vitro studies demonstrated that SelSA exhibited excellent antiproliferative activity against three HCC cells HepG2 (2.3 ± 0.29 µM), Huh7 (0.83 ± 0.48 µM), and LM3 (2.6 ± 0.24 µM). Further studies indicated that SelSA could downregulate the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, inhibit the growth, invasion, and migration of Huh7 cells, and promote their apoptosis. Moreover, SelSA significantly suppressed tumor growth in Huh7 xenograft mouse models. Our findings suggest that SelSA could be a potential therapeutic agent for HCC.

mTOR in metabolic homeostasis and disease.

The ability to maintain cellular metabolic homeostasis is critical to life, in which mTOR plays an important role. This kinase integrates upstream nutrient signals and performs essential functions in physiology and metabolism by increasing metabolism and suppressing autophagy. Thus, dysregulation of mTOR activity leads to diseases, especially metabolic diseases such as cancer, type 2 diabetes and neurological disorders. Therefore, inhibition of overactivated mTOR becomes a rational approach to treat a variety of metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss how mTOR responds to upstream signals and how mTOR regulates metabolic processes, including protein, nucleic acid, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the possible causes and consequences of dysregulated mTOR signaling activity, and summarize relevant applications, such as inhibition of mTOR activity to treat these diseases. This review will advance our comprehensive knowledge of the association between mTOR and metabolic homeostasis, which has significant ramifications for human health.

Caffeic acid and diabetic neuropathy: Investigating protective effects and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-related antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in mice.

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) represents a common and debilitating complication of diabetes, affecting a significant proportion of patients. Despite available treatments focusing on symptom management, there remains an unmet need for therapies that address the underlying pathophysiology. In pursuit of novel interventions, this study evaluated the therapeutic effects of caffeic acid-a natural phenolic compound prevalent in various foods-on diabetic neuropathy using a mouse model, particularly examining its interaction with the Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway. Caffeic acid was administered orally at two dosages (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg), and a comprehensive set of outcomes including fasting blood glucose levels, body weight, sensory behavior, spinal cord oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, and components of the IGF-1 signaling cascade were assessed. Additionally, to determine the specific contribution of IGF-1 signaling to the observed benefits, IGF1R inhibitor Picropodophyllin (PPP) was co-administered with caffeic acid. Our results demonstrated that caffeic acid, at both dosages, effectively reduced hyperglycemia and alleviated sensory behavioral deficits in diabetic mice. This was accompanied by a marked decrease in oxidative stress markers and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities within the spinal cord. Significantly lowered microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression highlighted the potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of caffeic acid. Moreover, increases in both serum and spinal levels of IGF-1, along with elevated phosphorylated IGF1R, implicated the IGF-1 signaling pathway as a mediator of caffeic acid's neuroprotective actions. The partial reversal of caffeic acid's benefits by PPP substantiated the pivotal engagement of IGF-1 signaling in mediating its effects. Our findings delineate the capability of caffeic acid to mitigate DN symptoms, particularly through reducing spinal oxidative stress and inflammation, and pinpoint the integral role of IGF-1 signaling in these protective mechanisms. The insights gleaned from this study not only position caffeic acid as a promising dietary adjunct for managing diabetic neuropathy but also highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting spinal IGF-1 signaling as part of a strategic treatment approach.

Long-term agricultural cultivation decreases microbial nutrient limitation in coastal saline soils.

Soil enzyme activities are pivotal for diverse biochemical processes and are sensitive to land use changes. They can indicate soil microbial nutrient limitations. Nonetheless, the mechanism governing the response of soil microbial nutrient limitation to land use alterations in coastal regions remains elusive. We assessed soil nutrients, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme activities across various land use types-natural (wasteland and woodland) and agricultural (farmland and orchard)-in the Hangzhou Bay area, China. All four land use types experience co-limitation by carbon (C) and phosphorus (P). However, the extent of microbial resource limitations varies among them. Long-term agricultural practices diminish microbial C and P limitations in farmland and orchard soils compared to natural soils, as evidenced by lower ecoenzymatic C:N ratios and vector lengths, alongside higher microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE). Soil nutrient stoichiometric ratios and CUE are primary factors influencing microbial C and P limitations. Thus, fostering appropriate land use and management practices proves imperative to regulate soil nutrient cycles and foster the sustainable management of coastal areas.

A thorough investigation into the adsorption behavior of sophorolipid-modified fly ash towards compound pollution of lead and tetracycline.

Heavy metal ions and antibiotics were simultaneously detected in authentic water systems. This research, for the first time, employed synthesized sophorolipid-modified fly ash(SFA) to eliminate tetracycline(TC) and lead(Pb2+) from wastewater. Various characterization techniques, including SEM-EDS, FTIR, XPS, BET, and Zeta, were employed to investigate the properties of the SFA. The results showed that the sophorolipid modification significantly improved the fly ash's adsorption capacities for the target pollutants. The static adsorption experiments elucidated the adsorption behaviors of SFA towards TC and Pb2+ in single and binary systems, highlighting the effects of different Environmental factors on the adsorption behavior in both types of systems. In single systems, SFA exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 128.96 mg/g for Pb2+ and 55.57 mg/g for TC. The adsorption of Pb2+ and TC followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption reactions are endothermic and occur spontaneously. SFA demonstrates varying adsorption mechanisms for two different types of pollutants. In the case of Pb2+, the primary mechanisms include ion exchange, electrostatic interaction, cation-π interaction, and complexation, while TC primarily engages in hydrogen bonding, π-π interaction, and complexation. The interaction between Pb2+ and TC has been shown to improve adsorption efficiency at low concentrations. Additionally, adsorption-desorption experiments confirm the reliable cycling performance of modified fly ash, highlighting its potential as a cost-effective and efficient adsorbent for antibiotics and heavy metals.

Material flow analysis of heavy metals in large-scale cattle farms and ecological risk assessment of cattle manure application to fields.

This study bridges the knowledge gap pertaining to the pathways of heavy metal accumulation and migration within the industrial chain of large-scale cattle farms. Two such farms in Shaanxi serve as a basis for our exploration into Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, As, and Cd dynamics. Employing material flow analysis complemented by predictive models, we evaluate the potential ecological risks of arable soil from heavy metal influx via manure application. Our findings indicate that Zn and Cu predominate the heavy metal export from these operations, composing up to 60.00%-95.67% of their total content. Predictive models based on 2021 data reveal a potential increase in Cd soil concentration by 0.08 mg/kg by 2035, insinuating a reduced safe usage period for cattle manure at less than 50 years. Conversely, projections from 2022 data point towards a gradual Cu rise in soil, reaching risk threshold levels after 126 years. These outcomes inform limitations in cattle manure utilisation strategies, underscoring Cu and Cd content as key barriers. The study underscores the criticality of continuous heavy metal surveillance within farm by products to ensure environmental protection and sustainable agricultural practices.

The role of NCAPH in cancer treatment.

Many solid tumors frequently overexpress Non-SMC Condensin I Complex Subunit H (NCAPH), and new studies suggest that NCAPH may be a target gene for clinical cancer therapy. Numerous investigations have shown that a variety of transcription factors, including as MYBL2, FOXP3, GATA3, and OTC1, can stimulate the transcription of NCAPH. Additionally, NCAPH stimulates many oncogenic signaling pathways, such as ß-Catenin/PD-L1, PI3K/AKT/SGK3, MEK/ERK, AURKB/AKT/mTOR, PI3K/PDK1/AKT, and Chk1/Chk2. Tumor immune microenvironment modification and tumor growth, apoptosis, metastasis, stemness, and treatment resistance all depend on these signals. NCAPH has the ability to form complexes with other proteins that are involved in glycolysis, DNA damage repair, and chromatin remodeling. This review indicates that NCAPH expression in most malignant tumors is associated with poor prognosis and low recurrence-free survival.

GETNet: Group Normalization Shuffle and Enhanced Channel Self-Attention Network Based on VT-UNet for Brain Tumor Segmentation.

Currently, brain tumors are extremely harmful and prevalent. Deep learning technologies, including CNNs, UNet, and Transformer, have been applied in brain tumor segmentation for many years and have achieved some success. However, traditional CNNs and UNet capture insufficient global information, and Transformer cannot provide sufficient local information. Fusing the global information from Transformer with the local information of convolutions is an important step toward improving brain tumor segmentation. We propose the Group Normalization Shuffle and Enhanced Channel Self-Attention Network (GETNet), a network combining the pure Transformer structure with convolution operations based on VT-UNet, which considers both global and local information. The network includes the proposed group normalization shuffle block (GNS) and enhanced channel self-attention block (ECSA). The GNS is used after the VT Encoder Block and before the downsampling block to improve information extraction. An ECSA module is added to the bottleneck layer to utilize the characteristics of the detailed features in the bottom layer effectively. We also conducted experiments on the BraTS2021 dataset to demonstrate the performance of our network. The Dice coefficient (Dice) score results show that the values for the regions of the whole tumor (WT), tumor core (TC), and enhancing tumor (ET) were 91.77, 86.03, and 83.64, respectively. The results show that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance compared with more than eleven benchmarks.

Iron Tailings as Mineral Fillers and Their Effect on the Fatigue Performance of Asphalt Mastic.

Incorporating iron tailings (ITs) into asphalt represents a new method for waste-to-resource conversion. The objective of this study is to evaluate the fatigue performance of ITs as fillers in asphalt mastic and investigate the interaction and interfacial adhesion energy between asphalt and ITs. To achieve that, the particle size distributions of two ITs and limestone filler (LF) were tested through a laser particle size analyzer; the morphology and structure characteristics were obtained by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), the mineral compositions were conducted through X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the chemical compositions were tested through X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF). Furthermore, the fatigue properties of asphalt mastic and the interaction between asphalt binder and mineral fillers (ITs and LFs) were evaluated by Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). The interfacial adhesion energy between ITs and asphalt binder were calculated through molecular dynamics simulation. In the end, the correlation between the test results and the fatigue life is established based on the gray correlation analysis, the environmental and economic benefits of iron tailings asphalt pavement are further evaluated. The results show that the particle size distribution of ITs is concentrated between 30 µm and 150 µm, and the main component is quartz. ITs have rich angularity and a higher interaction ability with asphalt. The adhesion energy of iron tailings filler to asphalt is less than that of limestone. The correlation degree of the interfacial adhesion energy and interaction between asphalt and mineral filler with asphalt mastic fatigue life is close to 0.58. Under the combined action of interaction ability and interfacial adhesion energy, the fatigue life of IT asphalt mastic meets the requirements. ITs as a partial replacement for mineral fillers in asphalt pavement have great environmental and social effectiveness.

Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys Processed by High-Pressure Torsion.

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have garnered significant attention for their exceptional properties, with eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) emerging as particularly notable due to their incorporation of eutectic structures comprising soft and hard phases. This study investigated the influence of shear strain on the microstructural refinement and mechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEAs, which were subjected to high-pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature under a pressure of 6 GPa across 0.5 to 3 turns, compared to the initial material. After HPT treatment, significant grain refinement occurred due to strong shear strain, evidenced by the absence of B2 phase peaks in X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Microhardness increased substantially post-HPT, reaching a saturation point at approximately 575 HV after three turns, significantly higher than that of the original sample. Moreover, the ultimate tensile strength of HPT-treated specimens reached around 1900 MPa after three revolutions, compared to approximately 1100 MPa for the as-cast alloy, with a mixed fracture mode maintained. This investigation underscores the efficacy of HPT in enhancing the mechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEAs through microstructural refinement induced by shear deformation, offering insights into the design and optimization of advanced HEAs for various engineering applications.

In Situ Synthesis of Liquid Metal Conductive Fibers toward Smart Cloth.

To meet the diverse needs of humans, smart cloth has become a potential research hotspot to replace traditional cloth. However, it is challenging to manufacture a flexible fabric with multiple functions. Here, we introduce a smart cloth based on liquid metal (LM) conductive fibers. Ga2O3 nanoparticles are obtained through ultrasonic pretreatment. Furthermore, a coordination bond is formed between thiol groups on the surface of protein fibers and Ga2O3 through a scraping method, allowing Ga2O3 particles to be grafted onto the surface of protein fibers in situ. Finally, LM conductive fibers are encapsulated using a photocuring adhesive. In addition, a wearable smart cloth integrated with multiple sensors has been developed based on LM conductive fibers. Users can not only monitor their movement trajectory and the surrounding environment in real time but also have their data supervised by family members through a client, achieving remote and continuous monitoring. The development of this wearable smart cloth provides strong support for future wearable, flexible electronic devices.

Osthole exhibits the remedial potential for polycystic ovary syndrome mice through Nrf2-Foxo1-GSH-NF-κB pathway.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the primary cause of female infertility with a lack of universal therapeutic regimen. Although osthole exhibits numerous pharmacological activities in treating various diseases, its therapeutic effect on PCOS is undiscovered. The present study found that application of osthole improved the symptoms of PCOS mice through preventing ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) production of more estrogen and alleviating the liberation of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Meanwhile, osthole enhanced ovarian antioxidant capacity and alleviated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation with a concurrent attenuation for oxidative stress, while intervention of antioxidant enzymic activity and glutathione (GSH) synthesis neutralized the salvation of osthole on GCs secretory disorder and chronic inflammation. Further analysis revealed that osthole restored the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and forkhead box O 1 (Foxo1) whose repression antagonized the amelioration of osthole on the insufficiency of antioxidant capacity and accumulation of ROS. Moreover, Nrf2 served as an intermedium to mediate the regulation of osthole on Foxo1. Additionally, osthole restricted the phosphorylation of IκBα and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65 by DHEA and weakened the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, but this effectiveness was abrogated by the obstruction of Nrf2 and Foxo1, whereas adjunction of GSH renewed the redemptive effect of osthole on NF-κB whose activation caused an invalidation of osthole in rescuing the aberration of GCs secretory function and inflammation response. Collectively, osthole might relieve the symptoms of PCOS mice via Nrf2-Foxo1-GSH-NF-κB pathway.