SFC active reconfiguration based on user mobility and resource demand prediction in dynamic IoT-MEC networks.

To achieve secure, reliable, and scalable traffic delivery, request streams in mobile Internet of Things (IoT) networks supporting Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) typically need to pass through a service function chain (SFC) consisting of an ordered series of Virtual Network Functions (VNFs), and then arrive at the target application in the MEC for processing. The high mobility of users and the real-time variability of network traffic in IoT-MEC networks lead to constant changes in the network state, which results in a mismatch between the performance requirements of the currently deployed SFCs and the allocated resources. Meanwhile, there are usually multiple instances of the same VNF in the network, and proactively reconfiguring the deployed SFCs based on the network state changes to ensure high quality of service in the network is a great challenge. In this paper, we study the SFC Reconfiguration Strategy (SFC-RS) based on user mobility and resource demand prediction in IoT MEC networks, aiming to minimize the end-to-end delay and reconfiguration cost of SFCs. First, we model SFC-RS as Integer Linear Programming (ILP). Then, a user trajectory prediction model based on codec movement with attention mechanism and a VNF resource demand prediction model based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network are designed to accurately predict user trajectories and node computational and storage resources, respectively. Based on the prediction results, a Prediction-based SFV Active Reconfiguration (PSAR) algorithm is proposed to achieve seamless SFC migration and routing update before the user experience quality degrades, ensuring network consistency and high quality service. Simulation results show that PSAR provides 51.28%, 28.60%, 21.75%, and 16.80% performance improvement over the existing TSRFCM, DDQ, OSA, and DPSM algorithms in terms of end-to-end delay reduction, and 33.32%, 18.94%, 67.42%, and 60.61% performance optimization in terms of reconfiguration cost reduction.

Determination of the effective swath of a plant protection UAV adapted to mist nozzles in mountain Nangguo pear orchards.

Plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become popular in mountain orchards, but due to the differences in planting structures, the chances of heavy spraying, missed spraying and pesticide drift are increasing. To mitigate the adverse effects of these phenomena, it is necessary to clarify the effective deposition range of aerial spray droplets. This study proposed an effective spray swath determination method for the effective spraying range of mountainous orchards with UAVs equipped with a mist nozzle (bilateral 1% coverage). This approach focused on exploring the effects of flight height (unidirectional flight modes of 2, 3 and 4 m), spray nozzle atomization performance (reciprocating flight modes of 20, 30 and 40 µm) and flight route (treetop flying and inter-row flying) on the spraying range in a mountain setting. In addition, the study analysed the relationship between the droplet-size spectrum and the effective swath position. The results showed that it is feasible to use the bilateral 1% coverage evaluation method to determine the effective spray swath of a UAV adapted with a mist nozzle for aerial operation in a mountainous Nangguo Pear orchard. With the increase in UAV flight height (2-4 m), the effective unidirectional spray swath also increased, and with the increase in atomization level (20-40 µm), the effective reciprocating spray swath showed a decreasing trend. Moreover, the average effective swath width measured by the UAV for treetop flight was greater than that measured for inter-row flight. The study also found that the proportion of small droplets (droplet size less than 100 µm) below the UAV route was lower (approximately 50%) than along the sides of the route (approximately 80%), and the spray swath was not symmetrically distributed along the flight route but shifted laterally by approximately 3 to 4 m in the downhill direction.

Changes in visual performance after implantation of different intraocular lenses.

AIM: To evaluate the trending visual performance of different intraocular lenses (IOLs) over time after implantation. METHODS: Ninety-one patients received cataract surgery with implantations of monofocal (Mon) IOLs, segmental refractive (SegRef) IOLs, diffractive (Dif) IOLs, and extended-depth-of-focus (EDoF) IOLs were included. The aberrations and optical quality collected with iTrace and OQAS within postoperative 6mo were followed and compared. RESULTS: Most of the visual parameters improved over the postoperative 6mo. The postoperative visual acuity (POVA) of the Mon IOL, SegRef IOL, and EDoF IOL groups achieved relative stability in earlier states compared with the Dif IOL group. Nevertheless, the overall visual performance of the 3 IOLs continued to upturn in small extents within the postoperative 6mo. The optical quality initially improved in the EDoF IOL group, then in the Mon IOL, SegRef IOL, and Dif IOL groups. POVA and objective visual performance of the Mon IOL and EDoF IOL groups, as well as POVA and visual quality of the Dif IOL group, improved in the postoperative 1mo and stabilized. Within the postoperative 6mo, gradual improvements were observed in the visual acuity and objective visual performance of the SegRef IOL group, as well as in the postoperative optical quality of the Dif IOL group. CONCLUSION: The visual performance is different among eyes implanted with different IOLs. The findings of the current study provide a potential reference for ophthalmologists to choose suitable IOLs for cataract patients in a personalized solution.

Artificial antibody-antigen-directed immobilization of α-amylase to hydrolyze starch for cascade reduction of 2-nitro-4-methylphenol to 2-amino-4-methylphenol.

Nitrophenol is a hazardous substance that poses a threat to the environment and human health, and its treatment has attracted widespread attention. The purpose of this study is to establish an environmentally friendly α-amylase system for the hydrolysis of starch to reduce nitrophenol to aminophenol through cascade reactions. The α-amylase system was obtained through artificial antibody-antigen-directed immobilization, including the synthesis of artificial antibodies, synthesis of artificial antigens, and affinity assembly. In this process, catechol and protocatechuic aldehyde were used to prepare artificial antibodies and artificial antigens respectively through polymerization and Schiff base reactions. Then, artificial antibodies captured the catechol in the artificial antigen structure to form immobilized α-amylases. Compared with free α-amylase, the immobilized α-amylase showed a good reusability and excellent regenerative ability. Subsequently, the immobilized α-amylase were used in the reaction of catalyzing starch hydrolysis to synthesize 2-amino-4-methylphenol, and the yield of 2-amino-4-methylphenol was 58.88 ± 0.19 %. After 5 consecutive catalytic reactions, a yield of 47.61 ± 1.27 % can still be achieved.

Citronellal improves endothelial dysfunction by affecting the stability of the GCH1 protein.

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) serves as the pathological basis for various cardiovascular diseases. Guanosine triphosphate cyclopyrrolone 1 (GCH1) emerges as a pivotal protein in sustaining nitric oxide (NO) production within endothelial cells, yet it undergoes degradation under oxidative stress, contributing to endothelial cell dysfunction. Citronellal (CT), a monoterpenoid, has been shown to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction induced by in atherosclerosis rats. However, whether CT can inhibit the degradation of GCH1 protein is not clear. It has been reported that ubiquitination may play a crucial role in regulating GCH1 protein levels and activities. However, the specific E3 ligase for GCH1 and the molecular mechanism of GCH1 ubiquitination remain unclear. Using data-base exploration analysis, we find that the levels of the E3 ligase Smad-ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2) negatively correlate with those of GCH1 in vascular tissues and HUVECs. We observe that Smurf2 interacts with GCH1 and promotes its degradation via the proteasome pathway. Interestingly, ectopic Smurf2 expression not only decreases GCH1 levels but also reduces cell proliferation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mostly because of increased GCH1 accumulation. Furthermore, we identify BH 4/eNOS as downstream of GCH1. Taken together, our results indicate that CT can obviously improve vascular endothelial injury in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) rats and reverse the expressions of GCH1 and Smurf2 proteins in aorta of T1DM rats. Smurf2 promotes ubiquitination and degradation of GCH1 through proteasome pathway in HUVECs. We conclude that the Smurf2-GCH1 interaction might represent a potential target for improving endothelial injury.

Advances in two-photon absorption photodynamic therapy of glioma based on porphyrin-based metal-organicframework composites.

Gliomas of the brain are characterised by high aggressiveness, high postoperative recurrence rate, high morbidity and mortality, posing a great challenge to clinical treatment. Traditional treatments include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy; they also have significant associated side effects, leading to difficulties in tumour resection and recurrence. Photodynamic therapy has been shown to be a promising new strategy to help treat malignant tumours of the brain. It irradiates the tumour site at a specific wavelength to activate a photosensitiser, which selectively accumulates at the tumour site, triggering a photochemical reaction that destroys the tumour cells. It has the advantages of being minimally invasive, highly targeted and with few adverse reactions, and is expected to be well used in anti-tumour therapy. However, the therapeutic effect of traditional PDT is limited by the weak tissue penetration ability of photosensitiser, hypoxia and immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment. This paper reviews the current research status on the therapeutic principle of photodynamic therapy in glioma and the mechanism of tumour cell injury, and also analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the current application in glioma treatment, and clarifies the analysis of ideas to improve the tissue penetration ability of photosensitizers. It aims to provide a feasible direction for the improvement of photodynamic therapy for glioma and a reference for the clinical treatment of deep brain tumours.

A QTL GN1.1, encoding FT-L1, regulates grain number and yield by modulating polar auxin transport in rice.

Rice grain number is a crucial agronomic trait impacting yield. In this study, we characterized a quantitative trait locus (QTL), GRAIN NUMBER 1.1 (GN1.1), which encodes a Flowering Locus T-like1 (FT-L1) protein and acts as a negative regulator of grain number in rice. The elite allele GN1.1B, derived from the Oryza indica variety, BF3-104, exhibits a 14.6% increase in grain yield compared with the O. japonica variety, Nipponbare, based on plot yield tests. We demonstrated that GN1.1 interacted with and enhanced the stability of ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf)-GTPase-activating protein (Gap), OsZAC. Loss of function of OsZAC results in increased grain number. Based on our data, we propose that GN1.1B facilitates the elevation of auxin content in young rice panicles by affecting polar auxin transport (PAT) through interaction with OsZAC. Our study unveils the pivotal role of the GN1.1 locus in rice panicle development and presents a novel, promising allele for enhancing rice grain yield through genetic improvement.

Prostate cancer with elevated free prostate-specific antigen density: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men worldwide, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is often used in clinical practice to screen for prostate cancer. Normal total PSA (tPSA) level initially excludes prostate cancer. Here, we report a case of prostate cancer with elevated free PSA density (fPSAD). CASE SUMMARY: A patient diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia underwent prostatectomy, and the postoperative pathological results showed acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The patient is currently undergoing endocrine chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: We provide a clinical reference for diagnosis and treatment of patients with normal tPSA but elevated fPSAD.

Changes in phenolic compounds of Phyllanthus emblica juice during different storage temperature and pH conditions.

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of storage temperature and pH on phenolic compounds of Phyllanthus emblica juice. Juice was stored at different temperatures and pH for 15 days and sampled on 2-day intervals. The browning index (BI, ABS420 nm), pH, centrifugal precipitation rate (CPR), and phenolic compounds were evaluated. The results showed 4°C and pH 2.5 could effectively inhibit browning and slow down pH drop of P. emblica juice. The result of orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis showed P. emblica juice stored at 4°C and pH 2.5 still had a similar phenolic composition, but at 20°C, 37°C, and pH 3.5, the score plots were concentrated only in the first 3 days. Additionally, gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA) were screened out to be the differential compounds for browning of P. emblica juice. The contents of GA, epigallocatechin (EGC), corilagin (CL), gallocatechin gallate (GCG), chebulagic acid (CA), 1,2,3,4,6-O-galloyl-d-glucose (PGG), and EA were more stable at 4°C and pH 2.5. Overall, during storage at 4°C and pH 2.5, it could inhibit the increase of GA and EA and decrease of CL, GCG, CA, and PGG, whereas EGC did not show significant difference between storage conditions. The CPR was higher at 4°C, while pH 2.5 could reduce the CPR. In conclusion, in order to maintain stability of phenolic compounds and extended storage period, the P. emblica juice could be stored at low temperature and adjust the pH to increase the stability of juice system.

Progenitor-like cells contributing to cellular heterogeneity in the nucleus pulposus are lost in intervertebral disc degeneration.

The nucleus pulposus (NP) in the intervertebral disc (IVD) arises from embryonic notochord. Loss of notochordal-like cells in humans correlates with onset of IVD degeneration, suggesting that they are critical for healthy NP homeostasis and function. Comparative transcriptomic analyses identified expression of progenitor-associated genes (GREM1, KRT18, and TAGLN) in the young mouse and non-degenerated human NP, with TAGLN expression reducing with aging. Lineage tracing using Tagln-CreERt2 mice identified peripherally located proliferative NP (PeriNP) cells in developing and postnatal NP that provide a continuous supply of cells to the entire NP. PeriNP cells were diminished in aged mice and absent in puncture-induced degenerated discs. Single-cell transcriptomes of postnatal Tagln-CreERt2 IVD cells indicate enrichment for TGF-ß signaling in Tagln descendant NP sub-populations. Notochord-specific removal of TGF-ß/BMP mediator Smad4 results in loss of Tagln+ cells and abnormal NP morphologies. We propose Tagln+ PeriNP cells are potential progenitors crucial for NP homeostasis.

Advanced Mass Spectrometry-Based Biomarker Identification for Metabolomics of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications.

Over the years, there has been notable progress in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment modalities of diabetes and its complications, including the application of metabolomics in the study of diabetes, capturing attention from researchers worldwide. Advanced mass spectrometry, including gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS), etc., has significantly broadened the spectrum of detectable metabolites, even at lower concentrations. Advanced mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful tool in diabetes research, particularly in the context of metabolomics. By leveraging the precision and sensitivity of advanced mass spectrometry techniques, researchers have unlocked a wealth of information within the metabolome. This technology has enabled the identification and quantification of potential biomarkers associated with diabetes and its complications, providing new ideas and methods for clinical diagnostics and metabolic studies. Moreover, it offers a less invasive, or even non-invasive, means of tracking disease progression, evaluating treatment efficacy, and understanding the underlying metabolic alterations in diabetes. This paper summarizes advanced mass spectrometry for the application of metabolomics in diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic encephalopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and diabetic foot ulcers and organizes some of the potential biomarkers of the different complications with the aim of providing ideas and methods for subsequent in-depth metabolic research and searching for new ways of treating the disease.

Sirtuin 5 alleviates apoptosis and autophagy stimulated by ammonium chloride in bovine mammary epithelial cells.

Ammonia (NH3) is an irritating and harmful gas that affects cell apoptosis and autophagy. Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) has multiple enzymatic activities and regulates NH3-induced autophagy in tumor cells. In order to determine whether SIRT5 regulates NH3-induced bovine mammary epithelial cell apoptosis and autophagy, cells with SIRT5 overexpression or knockdown were generated and in addition, bovine mammary epithelial cells were treated with SIRT5 inhibitors. The results showed that SIRT5 overexpression reduced the content of NH3 and glutamate in cells by inhibiting glutaminase activity in glutamine metabolism, and reduced the ratio of ADP/ATP. The results in the SIRT5 knockdown and inhibitor groups were comparable, including increased content of NH3 and glutamate in cells by activating glutaminase activity, and an elevated ratio of ADP/ATP. It was further confirmed that SIRT5 inhibited the apoptosis and autophagy of bovine mammary epithelial cells through reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blot, flow cytometry with Annexin V FITC/PI staining and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, it was also found that the addition of LY294002 or Rapamycin inhibited the PI3K/Akt or mTOR kinase signal, decreasing the apoptosis and autophagy activities of bovine mammary epithelial cells induced by SIRT5-inhibited NH3. In summary, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal involved in NH3-induced cell autophagy and apoptosis relies on the regulation of SIRT5. This study provides a new theory for the use of NH3 to regulate bovine mammary epithelial cell apoptosis and autophagy, and provides guidance for improving the health and production performance of dairy cows.

Stem Cell-Derived Nanovesicles Embedded in Dual-Layered Hydrogel for Programmed ROS Regulation and Comprehensive Tissue Regeneration in Burn Wound Healing.

Burn wounds often bring high risks of delayed healing process and even death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in burn wound repair. However, the dynamic process in wound healing requires both the generation of ROS to inhibit bacteria and the subsequent reduction of ROS levels to initiate and promote tissue regeneration, which calls for a more intelligent ROS regulation dressing system. Hence, a dual-layered hydrogel (Dual-Gel) tailored to the process of burn wound repair is designed: the inner layer hydrogel (Gel 2) first responds to bacterial hyaluronidase (Hyal) to deliver aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer functionalized adipose-derived stem cell nanovesicles, which generate ROS upon light irradiation to eliminate bacteria; then the outer layer hydrogel (Gel 1) continuously starts a long-lasting consumption of excess ROS at the wound site to accelerate tissue regeneration. Simultaneously, the stem cell nanovesicles trapped in the burns wound also provide nutrients and mobilize neighboring tissues to thoroughly assist in inflammation regulation, cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. In summary, this study develops an intelligent treatment approach on burn wounds by programmatically regulating ROS and facilitating comprehensive wound tissue repair.

The antihypertensive effect of Alizarin is achieved by activating VEGFR2/eNOS pathway, attenuating oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage and premature senescence.

The primary and initial manifestations of hypertension encompass arterial hypoelasticity and histiocyte senescence. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the progression of senescence. Elevated intracellular oxidative stress levels will directly induce cell damage, disrupt normal physiological signal transduction, which can cause mitochondrial dysfunction to accelerate the process of senescence. Alizarin, an anthraquinone active ingredient isolated from Rubia cordifolia L., has a variety of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet. Nevertheless, its potential in lowering blood pressure (BP) and mitigating hypertension-induced vascular senescence remains uncertain. In this study, we used spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to establish a model of vascular senescence in hypertension. Our aim was to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning the vascular protective effects of Alizarin. By assessing systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), H&E staining, SA-ß-Gal staining, vascular function, oxidative stress levels, calcium ion concentration and mitochondrial membrane potential, we found that Alizarin not only restored SBP and increased endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) in SHR, but also inhibited oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage and significantly delayed the vascular senescence effect in hypertension, and the mechanism may be related to the activation of VEGFR2/eNOS signaling pathway.

ELMO1 ameliorates intestinal epithelial cellular senescence via SIRT1/p65 signaling in inflammatory bowel disease-related fibrosis.

Background: Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which still lacks of reliable markers and therapeutic options. Cellular senescence has been considered an important mechanism of intestinal fibrosis, but the underlying molecular link remains elusive. Methods: Tissues were stained using α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, and collagen I as markers of myofibroblastic differentiation. Cellular senescence was confirmed through Lamin B1 staining, senescence-associated ß-galactosidase staining, and the expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. We explored the relationship between senescence of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intestinal fibrosis, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying this interaction. The effects of irisin on cellular senescence and fibrosis were determined. Results: Here, we identify engulfment and cell motility protein 1 (ELMO1) as a novel biomarker for intestinal cellular senescence and fibrosis. In fibrostrictured tissues from patients and murine models with IBD, significantly high levels of cellular senescence score and factors were noted, which positively correlated with the fibrotic regulator fibronectin. Senescent IECs, not fibroblast itself, released SASP factors to regulate fibroblast activation. Prolonging exposure to severe and persistent injurious stimuli decreased ELMO1 expression, which dampened SIRT1 deacetylase activity, enhanced NF-κB (p65) acetylation, and thereby accelerated cellular senescence. Deletion of ELMO1 led to senescent IECs accumulation and triggered premature fibrosis in murine colitis. Furthermore, irisin, inhibiting the degradation of ELMO1, could downregulate p65 acetylation, reduce IECs senescence, and prevent incipient intestinal fibrosis in murine colitis models. Conclusions: This study reveals ELMO1 downregulation is an early symbol of intestinal senescence and fibrosis, and the altered ELMO1-SIRT1-p65 pathway plays an important role in intestinal cellular senescence and IBD-related fibrosis.

Decoration of Ag nanoparticle on MXene sheets for SERS studies.

MXene sheets with the unique electrical and optical properties show the excellent potential for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications. In this study, we chose Ti3C2Tx, a type of MXene, to decorate silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) MXene sheets. The designed Ag-MXene substrates with SERS activity showed high sensitivity, high stability, and reproducibility. The SERS signal was enhanced by the synergistic contribution of both charge-transfer (CT) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) involving the Ag NPs and the MXene sheets. Due to the strong interaction between the probe molecules and Ag NPs which provided the nanoscale gap, the substrate exhibited remarkable SERS performance. A novel experimental strategy was developed to facilitate the controlled synthesis of noble metal NPs and MXene sheets and provide insights for further improving the practical applications of these materials in SERS detection.

Artificial antibody-antigen-directed immobilization of lipase for consecutive catalytic synthesis of ester: Benzyl acetate case study.

A strategy based on artificial antibody-antigen recognition was proposed for the specific directed immobilization of lipase. The artificial antibody was synthesized using catechol as a template, α-methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, and Fe3O4 as the matrix material. Lipase was modified with 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde as an artificial antigen. The artificial antibody can specifically recognize catechol fragment in the enzyme structure to achieve the immobilization of lipase. The immobilization amount, yield, specific activity, and immobilized enzyme activity were 13.2 ± 0.2 mg/g, 78.9 ± 0.4 %, 7.9 ± 0.2 U/mgprotein, and 104.6 ± 1.7 U/gcarrier, respectively. Moreover, the immobilized lipase exhibited strong reusability and regeneration ability. Additionally, the immobilized lipase successfully catalyzed the synthesis of benzyl acetate and demonstrated robust continuous catalytic activity. These results fully demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed artificial antibody-antigen-directed immobilization of lipase.

Comprehensive quantitative radiogenomic evaluation reveals novel radiomic subtypes with distinct immune pattern in glioma.

BACKGROUND: Accurate classification of gliomas is critical to the selection of immunotherapy, and MRI contains a large number of radiomic features that may suggest some prognostic relevant signals. We aim to predict new subtypes of gliomas using radiomic features and characterize their survival, immune, genomic profiles and drug response. METHODS: We initially obtained 341 images of 36 patients from the CPTAC dataset for the development of deep learning models. Further 1812 images of 111 patients from TCGA_GBM and 152 images of 53 patients from TCGA_LGG were collected for testing and validation. A deep learning method based on Mask R-CNN was developed to identify new subtypes of glioma patients and compared the survival status, immune infiltration patterns, genomic signatures, specific drugs, and predictive models of different subtypes. RESULTS: 200 glioma patients (mean age, 33 years ± 19 [standard deviation]) were enrolled. The accuracy of the deep learning model for identifying tumor regions achieved 88.3 % (98/111) in the test set and 83 % (44/53) in the validation set. The sample was divided into two subtypes based on radiomic features showed different prognostic outcomes (hazard ratio, 2.70). According to the results of the immune infiltration analysis, the subtype with a poorer prognosis was defined as the immunosilencing radiomic (ISR) subtype (n = 43), and the other subtype was the immunoactivated radiomic (IAR) subtype (n = 53). Subtype-specific genomic signatures distinguished celllines into ISR celllines (n = 9) and control celllines (n = 13), and identified eight ISR-specific drugs, four of which were validated by the OCTAD database. Three machine learning-based classifiers showed that radiomic and genomic co-features better predicted the radiomic subtypes of gliomas. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide insights into how radiogenomic could identify specific subtypes that predict prognosis, immune and drug sensitivity in a non-invasive manner.

Impacts of spatial symmetries on stimulated Brillouin scatterings in nanoscale silicon waveguides: a theoretical and numerical study considering material anisotropies.

Fully considering the mechanical and photoelastic anisotropies of monocrystalline silicon, the impacts of spatial symmetries on the stimulated Brillouin scatterings (SBSs) in nanoscale suspended silicon waveguides are studied theoretically and numerically based on group theory. First, starting from an assumption that the principal material coordinate system can be arbitrarily orientated in a waveguide with fixed geometry, the silicon waveguides are systematically classified into a number of point groups according to their spatial symmetry features. Thereafter, the symmetry characteristics of physical fields and SBS opto-mechanical coupling characteristics in the silicon waveguides belonging to different point groups are further examined, and the major new findings can be summarized as follows: The SBS opto-mechanical couplings in several kinds of silicon waveguides with certain nontrivial symmetry features exhibit relatively predictable behaviors in that the opto-mechanical coupling coefficients can be deterministically vanishing or nonvanishing under very few constraints, which can thus serve as general symmetry selection rules for SBSs in suspended silicon waveguides. The results obtained in the present study could be a useful theoretical reference for the design of novel SBS-active silicon photonic devices.