RESUMO
Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of children with metachronous or synchronous primary tumors and to identify related genetic tumor syndromes. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 4 children with multiple primary tumors diagnosed in the Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China from 2011 to 2023 were collected. The histological, immunophenotypic and molecular characteristics were examined using H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining, PCR, Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS). The patients were followed up. Results: Case 1 was an 8-year-old boy with the adrenal cortical carcinoma, and 5 years later a poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma was detected. Case 2 was a 2-year-old boy, presented with a left ventricular choroid plexus carcinoma, and a hepatoblastoma was detected 8 months later. Case 3 was a 9-month-old girl, diagnosed with renal rhabdoid tumor first and intracranial atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) 3 months later. Case 4 was a 7-year-old boy and had a sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma 3 years after the diagnosis of a glioblastoma. The morphology and immunohistochemical features of the metachronous or synchronous primary tumors in the 4 cases were similar to the corresponding symptom-presenting/first-diagnosed tumors. No characteristic germ line mutations were detected in cases 1 and 2 by relevant molecular detection, and the rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome was confirmed in case 3 using NGS. Case 4 was clearly related to constitutional mismatch repair deficiency as shown by the molecular testing and clinical features. Conclusions: Childhood multiple primary tumors are a rare disease with histological morphology and immunophenotype similar to the symptom-presenting tumors. They are either sporadic or associated with a genetic (tumor) syndrome. The development of both tumors can occur simultaneously (synchronously) or at different times (metachronously). Early identification of the children associated with genetic tumor syndromes can facilitate routine tumor screening and early treatment.
Assuntos
Hepatoblastoma , Neoplasias Renais , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas , Tumor Rabdoide , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/genética , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/genética , Lactente , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Tumor Rabdoide/genética , Tumor Rabdoide/patologia , Hepatoblastoma/genética , Hepatoblastoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Plexo Corióideo/genética , Neoplasias do Plexo Corióideo/patologia , Neoplasias do Plexo Corióideo/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Adrenocortical/genética , Carcinoma Adrenocortical/patologia , Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/patologia , Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/genética , Teratoma/patologia , Teratoma/genética , Teratoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Proteína SMARCB1/genética , Proteína 1 Homóloga a MutL/genética , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/patologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Síndromes Neoplásicas Hereditárias/genética , Síndromes Neoplásicas Hereditárias/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate beliefs and experiences about depression in North Korean refugees (NKRs) using both quantitative and qualitative methods. STUDY DESIGN: We used an exploratory sequential mixed methods study design with a quantitative survey followed by an in-depth individual interview. METHODS: We surveyed 329 NKRs who had been in South Korea for at least a year. Eleven participants were selected from the survey sample to complete an additional individual in-depth interview to obtain further understanding about depression among NKRs in their own words and context. RESULTS: About 44% of the sample had mild to severe depression; only 16% indicated that they were being treated for mood disorder. Individual in-depth interviews yielded key themes related to NKRs' depression beliefs and experiences: recognizing depression, factors contributing to depression, overcoming depression, and barriers to seeking help and treatment. Integration of quantitative and qualitative data revealed that although loneliness was one of the prominent subthemes contributing to depression, strong self-determination was noted as being critical to overcoming depression among those who had moderate to moderately severe depression but had no social support. CONCLUSIONS: Future efforts should be directed toward an enhanced support network and targeted education about the South Korean healthcare system, particularly in relation to mental health treatment.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Depressão/psicologia , Refugiados/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Atenção à Saúde , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Solidão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Pesquisa Qualitativa , República da Coreia , Apoio Social , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
SETTING: The ototoxic effects of aminoglycosides (AGs) lead to permanent hearing loss, which is one of the devastating consequences of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment. As AG ototoxicity is dose-dependent, the impact of a surrogate measure of AG exposure on AG-induced hearing loss warrants close attention for settings with limited therapeutic drug monitoring.OBJECTIVE: To explore the prognostic impact of cumulative AG dose on AG ototoxicity in patients following initiation of AG-containing treatment for MDR-TB.DESIGN: This prospective cohort study was nested within an ongoing cluster-randomized trial of nurse case management intervention across 10 MDR-TB hospitals in South Africa.RESULTS: The adjusted hazard of AG regimen modification due to ototoxicity in the high-dose group (≥75 mg/kg/week) was 1.33 times higher than in the low-dose group (<75 mg/kg/week, 95%CI 1.09-1.64). The adjusted hazard of developing audiometric hearing loss was 1.34 times higher than in the low-dose group (95%CI 1.01-1.77). Pre-existing hearing loss (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.71, 95%CI 1.29-2.26) and age (aHR 1.16 per 10 years of age, 95%CI 1.01-1.33) were also associated with an increased risk of hearing loss.CONCLUSION: MDR-TB patients with high AG dose, advanced age and pre-existing hearing loss have a significantly higher risk of AG-induced hearing loss. Those at high risk may be candidates for more frequent monitoring or AG-sparing regimens.
Assuntos
Perda Auditiva , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aminoglicosídeos , Antituberculosos/efeitos adversos , Criança , Perda Auditiva/induzido quimicamente , Perda Auditiva/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva/epidemiologia , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , África do Sul/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: While socio-economic status (SES) is considered a key social-environment factor affecting health outcomes, sex differences in the association between SES and the risk of type 2 diabetes remain unclear. The aims of this study were: (1) to identify risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes in a representative sample of Korean adults with a focus on socio-economic determinants; and (2) to examine how the association between SES and type 2 diabetes is affected by sex. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: This study used data obtained from 3870 Korean adults (age ≥35 years) who participated in the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES III). The risk of type 2 diabetes in relation to SES was calculated, after controlling for other risk factors such as medical characteristics (hypertension, family history, body mass index, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), lifestyle factors (body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise) and perceived stress. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated separately for Korean men and women using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Compared with individuals with ≥13 years of education, those with ≤6 years of education or 7-12 years of education had higher ORs for the risk of type 2 diabetes - 2.10 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-3.48) and 1.62 (95% CI 1.04-2.52), respectively - after adjusting for age, sex, medical characteristics, lifestyle factors and stress level. The OR for women with ≤6 years of education was particularly high (OR 10.16, 95% CI 2.08-49.53), even after adjusting for the study covariates. However, this increasing trend in the OR was not observed for men. CONCLUSIONS: SES significantly influences the risk of type 2 diabetes in Korean adults, and there are interactions with sex. Korean women with a low level of education represent a particularly high-risk group for type 2 diabetes. Future interventions should incorporate more targeted diabetes prevention efforts for women with a low level of education.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Classe Social , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Razão de Chances , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To examine the interaction between physical activity and abdominal obesity in relation to the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) for predicting the 10-year risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) using a representative sample of Korean adults. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Drawing from the 2007 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES IV-1), data from 2112 adults aged 30-74 years were analysed. The risk of CHD was calculated according to the FRS, and odds ratios (ORs) were analysed for the at-risk group (probability > 10%) with multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Compared with physically active men with a normal waist circumference (WC), inactive men with a large WC had an OR for CHD risk of 2.91 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63-5.22]. Compared with active women with a normal WC, inactive women with a large WC had an OR of 6.37 (95% CI 3.44-11.80). Among women with a normal WC, inactive women were at increased risk of CHD compared with active women (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.19-3.93). Among active individuals, both men and women with large WCs were at increased risk of CHD compared with those with normal WCs. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal obesity was associated with risk of CHD regardless of the level of physical activity. The 10-year risk of CHD associated with physical inactivity and abdominal obesity was much stronger in Korean women than in Korean men. While the importance of obesity control and physical activity is clear, future interventions should incorporate more targeted abdominal obesity prevention and control efforts, especially for women.
Assuntos
Doença das Coronárias/epidemiologia , Exercício Físico , Obesidade Abdominal/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Coreia (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Risco , Comportamento Sedentário , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Leptin inhibits the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and leptin receptors are present on beta cells as well as on fat cells, thus enabling leptin to modulate both insulin secretion and action. Therefore, leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes could play a role in the regulation of glucose and insulin after an oral glucose load. For the association study of LEP and LEPR with T2DM and metabolic traits, 752 women from Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH data) and 532 women from the Korean Health and Genome Study (KHGS data) were selected. Using the SNUH data, we identified that LEP-632G>A and +4998A>C polymorphisms were marginally associated with T2DM, LEP+4950G>A was significantly associated with several metabolic traits, and LEPR+5193G>A, +7187A>C, +27265G>A, +35861T>C, and +52289A>G showed strongly significant association with body mass index (BMI). We observed reproducibility of these results using the KHGS data; LEP+4950G>A and +4998A>C were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, respectively. In conclusion, we observed that several polymorphisms in LEPR that had previous reports of association with BMI were significantly replicated in our samples and newly found that some variations of LEP were associated with T2DM and metabolic traits.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Leptina/genética , Metabolismo/genética , Receptores para Leptina/genética , Idoso , Povo Asiático/genética , Pressão Sanguínea , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Coreia (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
This study describes aspects of computer group use as a vehicle for self-help by parents of children with cancer. Using an electronic mail system, data were gathered from 73 parents who had participated in online support groups. Most participants were Caucasian, well educated, and reported annual incomes of more than $50,000. The perceived benefits of the computer group involvement were getting information, sharing experiences, receiving general support, venting feelings, gaining accessibility, and using writing. The disadvantages included "noise," negative emotions, large volume of mail, and lack of physical contact and proximity. The findings indicate that computer group use is more common in parents with relatively high socioeconomic status. There are certain advantages and disadvantages of computer group use that need to be recognized and addressed by health professionals and users.
Assuntos
Internet , Neoplasias , Pais/psicologia , Grupos de Autoajuda/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Atitude Frente aos Computadores , Criança , Comportamento do Consumidor , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Cytokines have pleiotropic regulatory effects on hematopoietic cells and many other cell types that participate in host defence and repair processes. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mediates the growth and differentiation of granulocytes and macrophages and regulates the biological functions expressed by mature cells of these lineages. Stem cell factor (SCF) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in hematopoiesis, melanogenesis and gametogenesis. In order to determine the complementary DNA (cDNA) of canine GM-CSF and canine SCF, cDNA clones were generated from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bone marrow cells by reverse transcription PCR amplification. The canine GM-CSF cDNA obtained in this study contains an open reading frame encoding 144 amino acid residues and has 53-75% homology with those of human, cat, sheep, pig, cow and mouse, Canine SCF cDNA consist of an open reading frame encoding 274 amino acid residues and shares 81-92% homology with those of human, cat, pig, cow and mouse.
Assuntos
Clonagem Molecular , DNA Complementar/genética , Cães/genética , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/genética , Fator de Células-Tronco/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Gatos , Bovinos , Códon , DNA Complementar/análise , Cães/sangue , Gametogênese , Amplificação de Genes , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/química , Hematopoese , Humanos , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Alinhamento de Sequência , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Ovinos , Fator de Células-Tronco/química , SuínosRESUMO
A one step reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) combined nested PCR was set up to increase efficiency in the diagnosis of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection after developement of nested PCR. Two PCR primer sets were designed based on the sequence of nucleocapsid gene of CDV Onderstepoort strain. One-step RT-PCR with the outer primer pair was revealed to detect 10(2) PFU/ml. The sensitivity was increased hundredfold using the one-step RT-PCR combined with the nested PCR. Specificity of the PCR was also confirmed using other related canine virus and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and body secretes of healthy dogs. Of the 51 blood samples from dogs clinically suspected of CD, 45 samples were revealed as positive by one-step RT-PCR combined with nested PCR. However, only 15 samples were identified as positive with a single one step RT-PCR. Therefore approximately 60% increase in the efficiency of the diagnosis was observed by the combined method. These results suggested that one step RT-PCR combined with nested PCR could be a sensitive, specific, and practical method for diagnosis of CDV infection.
Assuntos
Vírus da Cinomose Canina/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Animais , Vírus da Cinomose Canina/genética , Cães , RNA Viral/genética , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Vacinas Atenuadas , Vacinas ViraisRESUMO
To evaluate clinical effects of autogenous toxoid-bacterin treatment for Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis in lactating cows, 22 cows which had at least one S. aureus infected quarter were selected from among cows at a S. aureus prevalent dairy farm. Eleven cows were injected with their own autogenous toxoid-bacterin and the others were maintained as non-injected control. In the toxoid-bacterin injected group, 27% of infected quarters were cured during the 12-week trial, compared to 5% in the control group. New intramammary infections with S. aureus were only detected in 3 quarters of the control group. Mean IgG antibody titer against S. aureus somatic antigens and alpha-toxin in serum and milk were significantly increased in the toxoid-bacterin injected group (p<0.05) and remained higher than those of the control group which showed no significant changes (p<0.05). In contrast to the control group, from 3 weeks after the second injection of the toxoid-bacterin injected group, mean S. aureus cfu/ml in milk samples from injected quarters with S. aureus was significantly decreased until the end of the study (p<0.05). In the toxoid-bacterin injected group, significant decreases of mean SCC were detected from milk samples from infected quarters with S. aureus from week 7 to week 10 (p<0.05). These data show that autogenous toxoid-bacterin treatment against S. aureus subclinical mastitis in lactating cows may increase the cure rate of the infections, reduce the severity of the infections and also prevent occurrence of the new infections.
Assuntos
Vacinas Bacterianas/uso terapêutico , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Bovinos , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana/veterinária , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Feminino , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Lactação , Mastite Bovina/imunologia , Leite/imunologia , Leite/microbiologiaRESUMO
This study was performed to isolate a vaccine strain of S. aureus from clinical or subclinical mastitis and to choose the most optimal adjuvant for immune response of alpha toxin and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of field strain. Of thirty strains of S. aureus isolated from milk of clinical or subclinical mastitis, V112 strain isolated from milk of gangrenous mastitis was used in this vaccine. Twenty one of rabbits were allocated into 5 groups based on adjuvants and immunized twice every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. This vaccine was composed of alpha toxin (10 hemolytic units) and formalinized whole cells (1 x 10(11) cells/ml. Five rabbits received PBS solution as a control group. The highest antibody titers against alpha toxin and CPS were observed in dextran sulfate- and aluminium hydroxide-adjuvant group at 8 weeks after immunization, respectively. These results of the study showed that one adjuvant could not induce strong and long-term immune response of alpha toxin and CPS antigens. Therefore, the use of combined adjuvants in subunit vaccine may be useful and feasible.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Cápsulas Bacterianas/imunologia , Toxinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Proteínas Hemolisinas/imunologia , Mastite Bovina/imunologia , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/imunologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Staphylococcus aureus/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Testes de Aglutinação , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Mastite Bovina/prevenção & controle , Coelhos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/prevenção & controle , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Despite the increasing number of studies that have substantiated that women who have been abused are psychologically distressed, existing research has little focus on women from diverse ethnic backgrounds, and variables that may influence the development of psychological distress have yet to be examined. This study was conducted to examine the correlation of psychological distress with abuse and psychosocial factors in a sample of 62 White and 62 Hispanic abused women. A set of measures of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety showed that White women experienced a higher prevalence of psychological distress than Hispanics. Life changes significantly related to the severity of psychological distress, whereas exposure to abuse was not consistently associated with it. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/etnologia , Mulheres Maltratadas/psicologia , Depressão/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/etnologia , Estresse Psicológico/etnologia , População Branca/psicologia , Aculturação , Adulto , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Comparação Transcultural , Depressão/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevista Psicológica , Prevalência , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estresse Psicológico/diagnósticoRESUMO
One hundred seven isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis were investigated for colony morphology in serum-soft agar (SSA), autoagglutination in salt, and capsular serotype. Capsular polysaccharide (CP) was purified and quantified from the extracts of clinical isolates. Overall, 89 isolates (83.2%) were diffuse in the SSA, without any difference in the proportion of diffuse colony between type 5 and type 8 strains. Some strains exhibited compact colonies in the SSA and expressed CP as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indicating that compact morphology does not exclude encapsulation. The majority of the strains (11/12) showed autoagglutination in the salt aggregation test. The serotype 336 accounted for 46.7% of the isolates followed by serotype 5 (12.1%) and serotype 8 (12.1%). Particularly, twenty-six (24.3%) isolates reacted with two serotypes; 7 for type 8/336 and 19 for type 5/336. Five isolates (4.7%) were nontypeable with monoclonal antibodies specific for CP serotype 5, 8, or 336. The CP concentration in culture supernatants varied with the serotypes, and the total amount of CP produced by cells grown in a liquid medium was much less than that produced by cells grown on a solid medium. The Western blotting indicated that the CP bands of S. aureus serotype 5 and 8 were ranged in the molecular mass of 58-84 kilodalton (kDa), with additional bands in the region of approximately >/= 48 or = 84 kDa.
Assuntos
Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/classificação , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Staphylococcus aureus/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus/imunologia , Testes de Aglutinação , Animais , Vacinas Bacterianas/administração & dosagem , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Feminino , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Sorotipagem/métodos , Sorotipagem/veterinária , Infecções Estafilocócicas/imunologia , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
To determine the prevalence of capsular polysaccharide (CP) types of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitic milk in Korea, the protective effect of the conjugates, composed of microencapsulated S. aureus clinical isolate type 8 CP bound to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA) was evaluated in mice. Of 107 S. aureus isolates, serotype 5 and 8 accounted for only 26 or 24.2%. When serotype 336 antiserum was employed, fifty of the remaining 81 isolates were typed as 336, 26 reacted with two serotypes, and 5 were nontypeable. Mice challenged with the same strain used for immunization had fewer S. aureus cells in their kidneys than mice challenged with the heterologous strain. But the magnitudes of difference on bacterial clearance were similar in both groups, indicating that the significance of this result remains to be determined. Mice immunized with the conjugate elicited an antibody response 3 days post injection, which persisted for 13 days of the observation period after second injection in some mice. The mice immunized with the CP8-ETA conjugates developed antibodies significantly higher than those immunized with CP-Freund's adjuvant or PBS. In in vivo bacterial challenge experiment, the survival rate of mice immunized with CPS-ETA conjugate was significantly higher than that of mice immunized with PBS. It was suggested that CP8-ETA vaccine had a potential to protect mice against experimental S. aureus bacteremia.
Assuntos
Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/classificação , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Staphylococcus aureus/classificação , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Bacteriemia/veterinária , Bovinos , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana/veterinária , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Feminino , Coreia (Geográfico) , Mastite Bovina/imunologia , Camundongos , Leite/microbiologia , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/análise , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/imunologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/imunologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/imunologiaRESUMO
This study was conducted to evaluate the antibody levels of alpha-toxin, capsular polysaccharides (CPS) and fibronectin-binding protein (FnBP) in rabbits immunized with an experimental vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus and to develop the bovine mastitis subunit vaccine in the future. Enzyme immunoassay was used for detection of IgG antibodies against staphylococcal CPS, alpha-toxin and FnBP. The levels of specific antibodies against CPS, alpha-toxin and FnBP in immunized rabbits were significantly increased after first immunization compared with control animals (p<0.05). Of three antigen used in vaccine, immunogenicity of CPS was relatively lower, compared with those of alpha toxin and fibronectin binding protein. Numbers of S. aureus in blood of immunized groups were lower than those of control group after bacterial challenge. But the bacterial numbers among immunized groups were not significantly different. S. aureus counts in excised organs were significantly lower in all immunized rabbits than in PBS-control group (p<0.05). The present study showed that alpha-toxin, capsular polysaccharide and fibronectin binding protein included in a subunit vaccine were protective.
Assuntos
Adesinas Bacterianas , Cápsulas Bacterianas/imunologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Proteínas de Transporte/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Staphylococcus aureus/imunologia , Fosfolipases Tipo C/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Cápsulas Bacterianas/sangue , Proteínas de Bactérias/sangue , Vacinas Bacterianas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Proteínas de Transporte/sangue , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana/veterinária , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Injeções Intramusculares/veterinária , Fígado/microbiologia , Coelhos , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Baço/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/imunologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/prevenção & controle , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Fosfolipases Tipo C/sangue , Vacinação/veterináriaRESUMO
Twelve strains of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) recovered from hospitalized dogs were analyzed for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence, and were genetically characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Antibiotic susceptibility test showed that nearly all isolates were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics tested and all the strains were fully susceptible to glycopeptides. There were no inhibitory activities among the aminoglycosides. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) was determined by intraperitoneal injection of cell suspensions and estimated by the Spearman-Kärber method. The mouse lethality of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was not significantly different in both normal and cyclophosphamide-treated mice (p>0.05), indicating that they were equally virulent. There was a great difference in the incidence of toxin production between the MRSA and MSSA group; 83.3% (10 of 12) of the MRSA and 14.3% (1 of 7) of the MSSA were toxin producers. The predominant types produced by MRSA was B. All the MRSA strains were capsular type 5 producers, while of 7 MSSA strains, four were type 5, one for type 8, and two were nontypeable. Based on the PFGE analysis, the 12 MRSA isolates generated 9 to 11 fragments in the size range of <48.5 to 630.5 kb, and yielded 6 different patterns. The results indicated that production of toxin and capsule type do not play a role in the pathogenicity to mouse and PFGE is a valuable tool for the characterization of MRSA. This report is the first such cases in the veterinary literature in Korea and may indicate the frequent emergence of MRSA in veterinary clinic hereafter.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos/genética , Resistência a Meticilina/genética , Meticilina/uso terapêutico , Penicilinas/uso terapêutico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , 4-Quinolonas , Aminoglicosídeos , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Cápsulas Bacterianas/classificação , Cápsulas Bacterianas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , DNA Bacteriano/química , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado/veterinária , Enterotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , Glicopeptídeos , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Testes de Fixação do Látex/veterinária , Dose Letal Mediana , Meticilina/farmacologia , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterinária , Penicilinas/farmacologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , VirulênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To understand the consequences when mothers experience fatigue throughout the first 18 months after birth. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of data from a longitudinal study. Fatigue was measured five times between birth and 18 months after delivery. SETTING: Data for the longitudinal study were collected in different settings (hospital, telephone, and homes). PARTICIPANTS: White mothers who delivered full-term neonates of normal birth weight in a community hospital (N=229). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Persistent fatigue was operationally defined as the report of at least one symptom of fatigue at all five time periods. The association between persistent fatigue and performance outcomes (maternal health, infant health, and infant development) was tested. RESULTS: Results were significant using alpha of .05. Persistent fatigue is associated with perceived maternal health and infant development at 18 months but not infant health. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that persistent fatigue may have a negative effect on performance outcomes for mothers and infants. Assessment for fatigue symptoms should be part of each nursing contact and interpreted as a pattern. Helping mothers choose methods of symptom relief and energy conservation can benefit both the mother and the infant.
Assuntos
Fadiga/enfermagem , Enfermagem Materno-Infantil , Período Pós-Parto , Adulto , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Bem-Estar Materno , Análise Multivariada , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Approximately 45 Holstein cows that were Mycobacterium paratuberculosis-positive on the basis of fecal culture results were maintained at any one time in a 210-cow dairy herd. Farm management participated in the New York State Paratuberculosis Eradication Program. Paratuberculosis-positive cows were grouped separately from paratuberculosis-negative cows, but they were otherwise managed identically. During a 1-year study, 180 paratuberculosis-negative cows and 113 clinically normal paratuberculosis-positive cows were identified. Quarter milk samples (n = 6,100) were aseptically collected for microbiologic culture of mastitis pathogens from paratuberculosis-negative cows, and 3,129 quarter samples were obtained from paratuberculosis-positive cows. Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) records were used to monitor milk somatic cell count linear scores, mature equivalent milk production, new mastitis infections, and chronic mastitis infections. For second-lactation cows greater than 100 days in milk production, and increasing with age beyond that point, paratuberculosis-positive cows had lower mature equivalent milk production than did negative herdmates. Rates of new and chronic mastitis infections, as measured by DHIA linear scores were significantly (P < 0.05, P = 0.05, respectively) lower in cows with nonclinical paratuberculosis. Infected cows were culled from the herd at a faster rate than were paratuberculosis-negative herdmates. Therefore, paratuberculosis was associated with financial loss attributable to reduced milk production and increased culling of infected cows.