Copper/ruthenium relay catalysis enables 1,6-double chiral inductions with stereodivergence.

The dual catalysis strategy is an efficient and powerful tool to fulfill the stereodivergent synthesis of stereoisomeric products from the same set of starting materials. Great attention has been given to the construction of chiral compounds with two contiguous stereocenters. However, the synthesis of two remote noncontiguous stereocenters is more challenging and is less developed, despite the high demand for synthetic tactics. We herein developed an unprecedented example of the stereodivergent preparation of synthetically useful and biologically important chiral ζ-hydroxy amino ester derivatives containing remote 1,6-noncontiguous stereocenters and a unique ß,γ-unsaturation moiety. This cascade dehydrogenation/1,6-Michael addition/hydrogenation protocol between readily-available ketoimine esters and racemic branched dienyl carbinols was rationally realized with bimetallic copper/ruthenium relay catalysis. The key features of the process were atom economy, step economy, and redox-neutrality. All four stereoisomers of chiral ζ-hydroxy amino ester derivatives were easily achieved by the orthogonal permutations of a chiral copper catalyst and chiral ruthenium catalyst. Importantly, a much more challenging stereodivergent synthesis of all eight stereoisomers of chiral peptide products containing three remote stereocenters was accomplished with excellent results through the cooperation of two chiral catalyst pairs and substrate enantiomers.

The prognostic value of immune escape-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in humans, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has become the most common histological type of lung cancer. Immune escape promotes progression of LUAD from the early to metastatic late stages and is one of the main obstacles to improving clinical outcomes for immunotherapy targeting immune detection points. Our study aims to explore the immune escape related genes that are abnormally expressed in lung adenocarcinoma, providing assistance in predicting the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma and targeted. Methods: RNA data and related clinical details of patients with LUAD were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Through weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), 3112 key genes were screened and intersected with 182 immune escape genes obtained from a previous study to identify the immune escape-related genes (IERGs). The role of IERGs in LUAD was systematically explored through gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analyses, which were used to enrich the relevant pathways of IERGs. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to identify the key prognostic genes, and a prognostic risk model was constructed. Estimation of Stromal and Immune Cells in Malignant Tumor Tissues Using Expression Data (ESTIMATE) and microenvironment cell populations (MCP) counter methods (which can accurately assess the amount of eight immune cell populations and two stromal cell groups) were used to analyze the tumor immune status of the high and low risk subgroups. The protein expression level of the differentially expressed genes in lung cancer samples was determined by using the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. A nomogram was constructed, and the prognostic risk model was verified via the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE72094 and GSE30219. Results: Twenty differentially expressed IERGs were obtained. GO analysis of these 20 IERGs revealed that they were mainly associated with the regulation of immune system processes, immune responses, and interferon-γ enrichment in mediating signaling pathways and apoptotic signaling pathways; meanwhile, KEGG analysis revealed that IERGs were associated with necroptosis, antigen processing and presentation, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway in tumors, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, T helper cell 1 (Th1) and Th2 differentiation, and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways. Using LASSO and Cox regression analysis, we constructed a four-gene model that could predict the prognosis of patients with LUAD, and the model was validated with a validation cohort. The immunohistochemical results of the HPA database showed that AHSA1 and CEP55 had low expression in normal lung tissue but high expression in lung cancer tissue. Conclusions: We constructed an IERG-based model for predicting the prognosis of LUAD. Among the genes identified, CEP55 and AHSA1 may be potential prognostic and therapeutic targets, and reducing their expression may represent a novel approach in the treatment of LUAD.

CD11b maintains West Nile virus replication through modulation of immune response in human neuroblastoma cells.

BACKGROUND: West Nile virus (WNV) is a rapidly spreading mosquito-borne virus accounted for neuroinvasive diseases. An insight into WNV-host factors interaction is necessary for development of therapeutic approaches against WNV infection. CD11b has key biological functions and been identified as a therapeutic target for several human diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CD11b was implicated in WNV infection. METHODS: SH-SY5Y cells with and without MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 or AKT inhibitor MK-2206 treatment were infected with WNV. CD11b mRNA levels were assessed by real-time PCR. WNV replication and expression of stress (ATF6 and CHOP), pro-inflammatory (TNF-α), and antiviral (IFN-α, IFN-ß, and IFN-γ) factors were evaluated in WNV-infected SH-SY5Y cells with CD11b siRNA transfection. Cell viability was determined by MTS assay. RESULTS: CD11b mRNA expression was remarkably up-regulated by WNV in a time-dependent manner. U0126 but not MK-2206 treatment reduced the CD11b induction by WNV. CD11b knockdown significantly decreased WNV replication and protected the infected cells. CD11b knockdown markedly increased TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-ß, and IFN-γ mRNA expression induced by WNV. ATF6 mRNA expression was reduced upon CD11b knockdown following WNV infection. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that CD11b is involved in maintaining WNV replication and modulating inflammatory as well as antiviral immune response, highlighting the potential of CD11b as a target for therapeutics for WNV infection.

Enhancing storage stability of pea peptides through encapsulation in maltodextrin and gum tragacanth via monitoring scavenge ability to free radicals.

Pea peptides can lead to degradation through oxidation, deamidation, hydrolysis, or cyclization during production, processing, and storage, which in turn limit their broader application. To stabilize pea peptides, this study employed spray drying technology to create a pea peptide micro-encapsule using maltodextrin, gum tragacanth, and pea peptides. Four key factors, including polysaccharide ratio, glycopeptide ratio, solid-liquid ratio, and inlet temperature, were optimized to enhance the antioxidant properties of the pea peptide micro-encapsule. The results indicated that the utilization of maltodextrin and gum tragacanth significantly improves the storage stability and antioxidant activity of pea peptides. Moreover, optimal storage stability for pea peptides was achieved with a polysaccharide ratio of 9:1, a glycopeptide ratio of 10:1, a solid-liquid ratio of 4:40, and an inlet temperature of 180 °C. After 60 days of storage, the encapsulated pea peptides maintained 70.22 %, 25.19 %, and 40.32 % for scavenging abilities to hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and ABTS radical, respectively. In contrast, the unencapsulated pea peptides showed a decline to 47.02 %, 0 %, and 24.46 % in the same antioxidant activities after storage. These findings underscore the potential of spray drying technology to enhance the functional properties of pea peptides for various applications.

[Two new glycosides from Hypericum elatoides].

The column chromatography with silica gel, reversed-phase C_(18), and Sephadex LH-20 was employed to separate the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Hypericum elatoides. The compounds were identified by the comprehensive analysis of IR, NMR, and MS data as methyl 8-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(Z)-5-octenoate(1), methyl 3-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-4-methylhexanoate(2), byzantionoside B(3), 9-epi-blumenol C glucoside(4), corchoionoside C(5),(6S,9R)-roseoside(6), cis-p-coumaric acid 4-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside(7), trans-p-coumaric acid 4-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside(8), methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate(9),(E)-chlorogenic acid methyl ester(10), quercetin-3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside(11), ß-sitosterol(12), stigmasterol(13), stigmast-4-en-3-one(14), ß-amyrin(15), daucosterol(16), sitoindoside Ⅰ(17), oleic acid(18), methyl α-linolenate(19), trilinolein(20), and cassipourol(21). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were identified as new glycosides and named hyperelatosides G and H. Compounds 3-5, 7-9, 17, and 20-21 were isolated from the genus Hypericum for the first time. The remaining compounds were isolated from H. elatoides for the first time. The results of biological assays revealed that compound 11 exhibited significant anti-neuroinflammatory activity, and compounds 1, 3, and 19 displayed certain neuroprotective effects.

[Huaier triggering mitochondria apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells through oxidative stress].

This study investigates the specific mechanisms of Huaier-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in colorectal cancer. HCT116 and SW480 cells were subjected to Huaier treatment. Cell proliferation and migration capabilities were examined through CCK-8 and scratch experiments, respectively. Apoptotic cells were clarified with Annexin-PE staining. DCFH-DA staining, malondialdehyde(MDA), and glutathione(GSH) were used to evaluate the oxidative stress damage level of cells. MitoSOX and JC-1 probes were used to selectively target mitochondria reactive oxygen species(mtROS) and mitochondria membrane potential(MMP) for the evaluation of mitochondria damage. Western blot(WB) experiment was performed to determine apoptosis proteins and PINK1/Parkin pathway. Experiments reveal that in different concentrations of Huaier treatment, the proliferation and migration capabilities of HCT116 and SW480 cells were both restrained. Additionally, mitochondrial apoptosis was activated. Compared with the control group, excessive ROS in colorectal cancer cells was generated in the Huaier group, while MDA increased, and GSH decreased, indicating oxidative stress damage. mtROS increased, and MMP decreased in colorectal cancer cells treated with Huaier, indicating mitochondrial damage. WB result revealed that Huaier suppressed the PINK1/Parkin pathway, hindered the clearance of impaired mitochondria, and subsequently facilitated apoptosis. In conclusion, Huaier impairs colorectal cancer cells through oxidative stress and mitochondria damage. Furthermore, it suppressed the PINK1/Parkin pathway, promoting mitochondria apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.

[Mechanisms of oxidative stress in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and protective effects of traditional Chinese medicines].

Myocardial ischemia is a disease characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, restoring blood supply to the ischemic area through reperfusion is an effective intervention method. However, numerous studies have shown that reperfusion may cause severe myocardial damage, resulting in myocardial systolic and diastolic dysfunction and seriously affecting myocardial function. This phenomenon is called myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury(MIRI). The physiological and pathological mechanisms of MIRI include oxidative stress, calcium overload, autophagy, pyrolysis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, etc. Oxidative stress plays an important role in MIRI-related cell death and is considered to be the main mechanism of MIRI. The occurrence of oxidative stress is mainly due to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), which disrupts the balance of the redox system of the body or tissue. A large number of highly reactive ROS exceed the antioxidant defense capacity of cardiomyocytes, causing modifications in biological macromolecules such as DNA and proteins and resulting in severe reactions like DNA damage, protein dysfunction, cell damage or death, and local inflammation. Oxidative stress mediates apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammatory injury through various pathways, resulting in irreversible cardiomyocyte injury and myocardial dysfunction, which brings significant challenges for clinical treatment and prognosis. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in understanding oxidative stress in ischemia reperfusion(I/R) injury of different organs and tissue. However, the injury mechanism caused by oxidative stress in restoring blood supply to the ischemic area and the protective effect of TCM remain largely unexplored. This article reviewed the role of oxidative stress in MIRI, the main production pathways of ROS, and the protective effects of TCM on oxidative stress injury during ischemic myocardial reperfusion, so as to provide a reference for future research and clinical treatment in this field.

High-quality reference genome of cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus.

Callosobruchus maculatus is one of the most competitive stored grain pests, which causes a great loss to agricultural economy. However, due to an inadequacy of high-quality reference genome, the molecular mechanisms for olfactory and hypoxic adaptations to stored environments are unknown and require to be revealed urgently, which will contribute to the detection and prevention of the invasive pests C. maculatus. Here, we presented a high-quality chromosome-level genome of C. maculatus based on Illumina, Nanopore and Hi-C sequencing data. The total size was 1.2 Gb, and 65.17% (797.47 Mb) of it was identified to be repeat sequences. Among assembled chromosomes, chromosome 10 was considered the X chromosome according to the evidence of reads coverage and homologous genes among species. The current version of high-quality genome provides preferable data resources for the adaptive evolution research of C. maculatus.

Relationship between emotional intelligence, occupational well-being, and work engagement among Chinese clinical nurses.

PURPOSE: To identify the relationship between emotional intelligence, occupational well-being, and work engagement among Chinese clinical nurses METHODS: This cross-sectional study is based on survey responses provided by 1744 registered nurses from a Chinese hospital. The survey utilized emotional intelligence, occupational well-being, and work engagement scales. RESULTS: A questionnaire was distributed to nurses, and among them, 1744 (99.1 %) filled it in. Work engagement was related to demographic characteristics. The nurses' work engagement score was 28.99±5.46. Correlation analysis showed that work engagement was positively correlated with emotional intelligence (r=0.621-0.826, p<0.01) and occupational well-being (r=0.589-0.788, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The current work engagement of nurses in China is at a medium level. It is influenced by emotional intelligence and occupational well-being.

Detecting Nonadditive Biotic Interactions and Assessing Their Biological Relevance among Temperate Rainforest Trees.

AbstractInteractions between and within abiotic and biotic processes generate nonadditive density-dependent effects on species performance that can vary in strength or direction across environments. If ignored, nonadditivities can lead to inaccurate predictions of species responses to environmental and compositional changes. While there are increasing empirical efforts to test the constancy of pairwise biotic interactions along environmental and compositional gradients, few assess both simultaneously. Using a nationwide forest inventory that spans broad ambient temperature and moisture gradients throughout New Zealand, we address this gap by analyzing the diameter growth of six focal tree species as a function of neighbor densities and climate, as well as neighbor × climate and neighbor × neighbor statistical interactions. The most complex model featuring all interaction terms had the highest predictive accuracy. Compared with climate variables, biotic interactions typically had stronger effects on diameter growth, especially when subjected to nonadditivities from local climatic conditions and the density of intermediary species. Furthermore, statistically strong (or weak) nonadditivities could be biologically irrelevant (or significant) depending on whether a species pair typically interacted under average or more extreme conditions. Our study highlights the importance of considering both the statistical potential and the biological relevance of nonadditive biotic interactions when assessing species performance under global change.

Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase as a metabolic valve advances Methylobacterium/Methylorubrum phyllosphere colonization and plant growth.

The proficiency of phyllosphere microbiomes in efficiently utilizing plant-provided nutrients is pivotal for their successful colonization of plants. The methylotrophic capabilities of Methylobacterium/Methylorubrum play a crucial role in this process. However, the precise mechanisms facilitating efficient colonization remain elusive. In the present study, we investigate the significance of methanol assimilation in shaping the success of mutualistic relationships between methylotrophs and plants. A set of strains originating from Methylorubrum extorquens AM1 are subjected to evolutionary pressures to thrive under low methanol conditions. A mutation in the phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase gene is identified, which converts it into a metabolic valve. This valve redirects limited C1-carbon resources towards the synthesis of biomass by up-regulating a non-essential phosphoketolase pathway. These newly acquired bacterial traits demonstrate superior colonization capabilities, even at low abundance, leading to increased growth of inoculated plants. This function is prevalent in Methylobacterium/Methylorubrum strains. In summary, our findings offer insights that could guide the selection of Methylobacterium/Methylorubrum strains for advantageous agricultural applications.

Diagnostic value of carbohydrate antigen 50 in biliary tract cancer: A large-scale multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: To date, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been widely used for the screening, diagnosis and prediction of biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients. However, few studies with large sample sizes of carbohydrate antigen 50 (CA50) were reported in BTC patients. METHODS: A total of 1121 patients from the Liver Cancer Clin-Bio Databank of Anhui Hepatobiliary Surgery Union between January 2017 and December 2022 were included in this study (673 in the training cohort and 448 in the validation cohort): among them, 458 with BTC, 178 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 23 with combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, and 462 with nontumor patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and clinical usefulness. RESULTS: ROC curves obtained by combining CA50, CA19-9, and AFP showed that the AUC value of the diagnostic MODEL 1 was 0.885 (95% CI 0.856-0.885, specificity 70.3%, and sensitivity 84.0%) in the training cohort and 0.879 (0.841-0.917, 76.7%, and 84.3%) in the validation cohort. In addition, comparing iCCA and HCC (235 in the training cohort, 157 in the validation cohort), the AUC values of the diagnostic MODEL 2 were 0.893 (95% CI 0.853-0.933, specificity 96%, and sensitivity 68.6%) in the training cohort and 0.872 (95% CI 0.818-0.927, 94.2%, and 64.6%) in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION: The model combining CA50, CA19-9, and AFP not only has good diagnostic value for BTC but also has good diagnostic value for distinguishing iCCA and HCC.

Phosphorus-Doping Enables the Superior Durability of a Palladium Electrocatalyst towards Alkaline Oxygen Reduction Reactions.

The sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) require considerable Pd in the cathode, hindering the widespread of alkaline fuel cells (AFCs). By alloying Pd with transition metals, the oxygen reduction reaction's catalytic properties can be substantially enhanced. Nevertheless, the utilization of Pd-transition metal alloys in fuel cells is significantly constrained by their inadequate long-term durability due to the propensity of transition metals to leach. In this study, a nonmetallic doping strategy was devised and implemented to produce a Pd catalyst doped with P that exhibited exceptional durability towards ORRs. Pd3P0.95 with an average size of 6.41 nm was synthesized by the heat-treatment phosphorization of Pd nanoparticles followed by acid etching. After P-doping, the size of the Pd nanoparticles increased from 5.37 nm to 6.41 nm, and the initial mass activity (MA) of Pd3P0.95/NC reached 0.175 A mgPd-1 at 0.9 V, slightly lower than that of Pd/C. However, after 40,000 cycles of accelerated durability testing, instead of decreasing, the MA of Pd3P0.95/NC increased by 6.3% while the MA loss of Pd/C was 38.3%. The durability was primarily ascribed to the electronic structure effect and the aggregation resistance of the Pd nanoparticles. This research also establishes a foundation for the development of Pd-based ORR catalysts and offers a direction for the future advancement of catalysts designed for practical applications in AFCs.

Estrogen-related receptor, a molecular target against lepidoptera pests.

Until recently, chemical pesticides were one of the most effective means of controlling agricultural pests; therefore, the search for insecticide targets for agricultural pests has been an ongoing problem. Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are transcription factors that regulate cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis in animals. Silkworms are highly sensitive to chemical pesticides, making them ideal models for pesticide screening and evaluation. In this study, we detected ERR expression in key organs involved in pesticide metabolism in silkworms (Bombyx mori), including the fat body and midgut. Using ChIP-seq technology, many estrogen- related response elements were identified in the 2000-bp promoter region upstream of metabolism-related genes, almost all of which were potential ERR target genes. The ERR inhibitor, XCT-790, and the endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A, significantly inhibited expression of the ERR target genes, BmTreh-1, BmTret-1, BmPK, BmPFK, and BmHK, in the fat bodies of silkworms, resulting in pupation difficulties in silkworm larvae that ultimately lead to death. In addition, based on the clarification that the ERR can bind to XCT-790, as observed through biofilm interferometry, its three-dimensional spatial structure was predicted, and using molecular docking techniques, small-molecule compounds with a stronger affinity for the ERR were identified. In summary, utilizing the powerful metabolic regulatory function of ERR in Lepidoptera pests, the developed small molecule inhibitors of ERR can be used for future control of Lepidoptera pests.

A red blood cell-derived bionic microrobot capable of hierarchically adapting to five critical stages in systemic drug delivery.

The tumour-targeting efficiency of systemically delivered chemodrugs largely dictates the therapeutic outcome of anticancer treatment. Major challenges lie in the complexity of diverse biological barriers that drug delivery systems must hierarchically overcome to reach their cellular/subcellular targets. Herein, an "all-in-one" red blood cell (RBC)-derived microrobot that can hierarchically adapt to five critical stages during systemic drug delivery, that is, circulation, accumulation, release, extravasation, and penetration, is developed. The microrobots behave like natural RBCs in blood circulation, due to their almost identical surface properties, but can be magnetically manipulated to accumulate at regions of interest such as tumours. Next, the microrobots are "immolated" under laser irradiation to release their therapeutic cargoes and, by generating heat, to enhance drug extravasation through vascular barriers. As a coloaded agent, pirfenidone (PFD) can inhibit the formation of extracellular matrix and increase the penetration depth of chemodrugs in the solid tumour. It is demonstrated that this system effectively suppresses both primary and metastatic tumours in mouse models without evident side effects, and may represent a new class of intelligent biomimicking robots for biomedical applications.

[Temporal variability of the isotope compositions of plum rain in Nanjing from event to interannual time scales]. / å—äº¬æ¢ é›¨é™æ°´åŒä½ç´ ç»„æˆä»Žäº‹ä»¶åˆ°å¹´é™ å°ºåº¦çš„å˜åŒ–ç‰¹å¾.

Precipitation in the plum rain period accounts for 40%-50% of annual precipitation in the monsoon region. To clarify the temporal variability of the isotopic composition of precipitation during the plum rain period from event to interannual time scale and identify the influencing factors, we analyzed the isotopic composition of precipitation and its influencing factors in Nanjing from 2015 to 2022. By using the Hybrid Single-particle Lagran-gian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model with specific humidity analysis, we investigated the water vapor source and influencing factors. The results showed that 1) the isotopic abundance of atmospheric precipitation was depleted in the summer and enriched in winter. dx was lower in summer and higher in winter. The isotopic abundance of precipitation from the plum rain was depleted compared to mean value of the whole-year. 2) There was no significant correlation between δ2H and δ18O of the plum rain (precipitation) with local meteorological factors. However, dx was lower in light rain, reflecting the effect of sub-cloud evaporation. The average dx was higher during plum rain period in years with more total plum rain precipitation. 3) The low-latitude South China Sea and the western Pacific Ocean source area provided water vapor for the plum rain. The shift of moisture source region led to abrupt changes in precipitation isotopes. Our results could provide data support for studies on precipitation isotopes in the monsoon region, as well as a reference point for further understanding the precipitation mechanism of the plum rain and stu-dying the seasonal variability of atmospheric circulation in the East Asian monsoon region.

Topological protection of dual-polarization biphoton states in photonic crystals.

Polarization control is a major issue in topological quantum optics that limits reliable generation and transmission of quantum states. This study presents what we believe to be a novel topological photonic crystal design that provides topological protection for biphoton pairs for both TE and TM polarization. By well-designed cell configurations within the lattice, two topological boundaries emerge that can accommodate TM and TE modes at the same time. By adjusting the dispersion curves, we can further design nonlinear four-wave mixing processes within the topological photonic crystals and provide theoretical explanations for the entanglement of the dual-polarization biphoton states. Numerical results confirm the robust transport of entangled photon pairs, even when subjected to sharp bending. Moreover, combining the dual-polarization topological photonic crystal with a polarization beam splitter enables the preparation of polarization-encoded maximally entangled states. Our work exhibits significant potential for applications in robust optical quantum information processing and quantum secure communication.

High-quality on-chip entangled photon source with broad tunable range based on coupling compensation.

This paper introduces a tunable and high-quality photon source that utilizes evanescent-wave coupling phase matching. By adjusting the coupling gap, the signal light can be tuned from 1307 nm to 1493.9 nm, and the idler light can be tuned from 1612.8 nm to 1907 nm. Throughout the entire tuning range, the purity of the photon pairs remains above 92%. In specific tuning ranges (signal photons from 1307 nm to 1421.7 nm and idler photons from 1706.4 nm to 1907 nm), the purity exceeds 99% and the full width at half-maximum of the generated photon spectra is less than 1.85 nm. The photon source is designed using a silicon-organic hybrid waveguide, which effectively minimizes the impact of two-photon absorption and achieves a 15 dB enhancement in four-wave mixing conversion efficiency compared to a strip waveguide. This design may promote efficient and precise generation of high-quality photons at desired frequencies, offering promising potential for various applications in quantum technologies.

Unveiling major histocompatibility complex-mediated pan-cancer immune features by integrated single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer therapy, yet persistent challenges such as low response rate and significant heterogeneity necessitate attention. The pivotal role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in ICI efficacy, its intricate impacts and potentials as a prognostic marker, warrants comprehensive exploration. This study integrates single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), bulk RNA-seq, and spatial transcriptomic analyses to unveil pan-cancer immune characteristics governed by the MHC transcriptional feature (MHC.sig). Developed through scRNA-seq analysis of 663,760 cells across diverse cohorts and validated in 30 solid cancer types, the MHC.sig demonstrates a robust correlation between immune-related genes and infiltrating immune cells, highlighting its potential as a universal pan-cancer marker for anti-tumor immunity. Screening the MHC.sig for therapeutic targets using CRISPR data identifies potential genes for immune therapy synergy and validates its predictive efficacy for ICIs responsiveness across diverse datasets and cancer types. Finally, analysis of cellular communication patterns reveals interactions between C1QC+macrophages and malignant cells, providing insights into potential therapeutic agents and their sensitivity characteristics. This comprehensive analysis positions the MHC.sig as a promising marker for predicting immune therapy outcomes and guiding combinatorial therapeutic strategies.