RESUMO
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) conducted over the near-infrared-II (NIR-II) window offer the benefits of noninvasiveness and deep tissue penetration. This necessitates the development of highly effective therapeutic agents with NIR-II photoresponsivity. Currently, the predominant organic diagnostic agents used in NIR-II PAI-guided PTT are conjugated polymeric materials. However, they exhibit a low in vivo clearance rate and long-term biotoxicity, limiting their clinical translation. In this study, an organic small molecule (CY-1234) with NIR-II absorption and nanoencapsulation (CY-1234 nanoparticles (NPs)) for PAI-guided PTT is reported. Extended π-conjugation is achieved in the molecule by introducing donor-acceptor units at both ends of the molecule. Consequently, CY-1234 exhibits a maximum absorption peak at 1234 nm in tetrahydrofuran. Nanoaggregates of CY-1234 are synthesized via F-127 encapsulation. They exhibit an excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of 76.01% upon NIR-II light irradiation. After intravenous injection of CY-1234 NPs into tumor-bearing mice, strong PA signals and excellent tumor ablation are observed under 1064 nm laser irradiation. This preliminary study can pave the way for the development of small-molecule organic nanoformulations for future clinical applications.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the concentration differences of eight conjugated bile acids between patients of cholesterol polyps and adenomatous polyps and determine the differential diagnosis markers for polypoid lesions of gallbladder (PLG). METHODS: During the period of March 2013 to November, 18 cholesterol polyps patients, 9 adenomatous polyps ones and 20 simple gallstone disease ones were enrolled. High performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection was used to test 8 conjugated bile acids in sera. RESULTS: A total of 8 conjugated bile acids were completely dissociated within 10 minutes and the assay was liner in the range of 3.91 to 500.00 mg/L. The correlation coefficients for linear regression were from 0.995 to 0.999 and the detection limits ranged from 3.91 to 7.81 mg/L. The serum level of glycocholic acid (GCA) in adenomatous polyps group (3.48 ± 1.66) mg/L was significantly higher than that in cholesterol polyps group ((2.16 ± 0.71) mg/L, q = 5.182, P = 0.001) and control group ((2.15 ± 0.45) mg/L, q = 5.313, P = 0.001). The serum level of glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) in adenomatous polyps group (12.67 ± 1.74) mg/L was significantly higher than that in cholesterol polyps group ((10.53 ± 3.04) mg/L, q = 3.253, P = 0.026) and control group ((10.72 ± 1.58) mg/L, q = 3.015, P = 0.038). The serum level of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) in adenomatous polyps group ((6.79 ± 2.90) mg/L) was significantly higher than that in cholesterol polyps group ((4.47 ± 2.35) mg/L, q = 3.412, P = 0.020) and control group ((4.72 ± 2.11) mg/L q = 3.091, P = 0.034). CONCLUSION: The serum levels of GCA, GCDCA and TCDCA in adenomatous polyps patients are higher than those in cholesterol polyps counterparts. And these markers may aid the differential diagnosis of PLG.
