Análise da monitoração hematológica em pacientes esquizofrênicos para investigação de agranulocitose associada ao uso de clozapina / Analysis of hematologic in schizophrenic patients for investigation of the association agranulocytosis with clozapine

Objetivo ­ Investigar se há ocorrência de agranulocitose num grupo de pacientes esquizofrênicos tratados com este medicamento num serviço especializado de saúde mental. A clozapina é um medicamento antipsicótico atípico de segunda geração de preferência no tratamento da esquizofrenia, principalmente em pacientes que apresentam resistência a outros antipsicóticos. Apesar da sua eficácia, esta pode induzir agranulocitose, alteração que ocorre no sangue por conta da neutropenia e leucopenia, podendo ser fatal. Métodos ­ Analisou-se a monitoração hematológica em 22 pacientes esquizofrênicos tratados com esta medicação entre os anos 2010 a 2012, no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS I Sul), de São José dos Campos. Resultados ­ 7 (31,81%) eram mulheres, das quais ocorreu um caso de neutropenia (4,54%) com rápida recuperação, 15 (68,18%) eram homens, dos quais teve uma ocorrência de plaquetopenia (4,54%), caso acompanhado pelo médico. Conclusão ­ Não houve nenhum caso de agranulocitose na população estudada, apesar das alterações hematológicas evidenciadas. Assim é necessário ter a monitoração hematológica nesta terapêutica medicamentosa.

Objective ­ To investigate the occurrence of agranulocytosis in a group of schizophrenic patients treated with this medication in a specialized mental health service. Clozapine is a second generation atypical antipsychotic drug preferably in the treatment of schizophrenia, especially in patients who are resistant to other antipsychotics. Despite its efficacy, it may induce agranulocytosis, an alteration that occurs in the blood due to neutropenia and leucopenia, which can be fatal. Methods ­ Evaluated hematologic monitoring in 22 schizophrenic patients treated with this medication between the years 2010 to 2012, at the Center for Psychosocial Care (CAPS I Sul), in São José dos Campos. Results ­ 7 (31.81%) were women, of which there was a case of neutropenia (4.54%) with rapid recovery, 15 (68.18%) were men, of whom thrombocytopenia occurred (4.54%), that accompanied by the doctor. Conclusion ­ That there was no case of agranulocytosis in the studied population, despite the hematological alterations evidenced. Therefore it is necessary to have hematological monitoring in this drug therapy.

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis DNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Eosinophilic Meningitis.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the most common infectious cause of eosinophilic meningitis. Timely diagnosis of these infections is difficult, partly because reliable laboratory diagnostic methods are unavailable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of A. cantonensis DNA in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. A total of 49 CSF specimens from 33 patients with eosinophilic meningitis were included: A. cantonensis DNA was detected in 32 CSF specimens, from 22 patients. Four patients had intermittently positive and negative real-time PCR results on subsequent samples, indicating that the level of A. cantonensis DNA present in CSF may fluctuate during the course of the illness. Immunodiagnosis and/or supplemental PCR testing supported the real-time PCR findings for 30 patients. On the basis of these observations, this real-time PCR assay can be useful to detect A. cantonensis in the CSF from patients with eosinophilic meningitis.

Atividade anti-inflamatória e citotoxicidade dos extratos glicólicos de Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori (alcachofra), Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (aroeira-do-sertão) e de Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (chá verde) / Anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of glycolic extracts of Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori (artichoke), Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (pepper tree) and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (green tea)

A baixa citotoxicidade e ação anti-inflamatória são características interessantes para enxaguatórios bucais, dentifrícios e medicamentos de uso odontológico. Sendo assim, é necessário avaliar estas propriedades nos extratos glicólicos vegetais que podem ser ingredientes das formulações desses produtos. O presente estudo avaliou as seguintes atividades biológicas para cada um dos extratos glicólicos de Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori (alcachofra), Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (aroeira-do-sertão) e Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze(chá verde) em culturas de macrófagos de camundongo (RAW 264.7) pelo tempo de exposição de 5 min e 24 h: a) atividade citotóxica pelo método do MTT em 11 diluições seriadas, sendo que a concentração inicial dos extratos foi de 200mg/mL. b) atividade anti-inflamatória, após estímulo com lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) de Escherichia coli pelo método ELISA quantificou IL-1β, TNF-α e IL-10. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente por ANOVA e teste de Tukey, com p ≤ 5%. Acitotoxicidade dos extratos foi dose e tempo dependentes. No tempo de exposição de 5 min, o extrato de alcachofra apresentou citotoxicidade na concentração de 200 mg/mL. No tempo de exposição de 24 h, o chá verde apresentou citotoxicidade nas concentrações ≥ 50 mg/mL, aroeirado-sertão A baixa citotoxicidade e ação anti-inflamatória são características interessantes para enxaguatórios bucais, dentifrícios e medicamentos de uso odontológico. Sendo assim, é necessário avaliar estas propriedades nos extratos glicólicos vegetais que podem ser ingredientes das formulações desses produtos. O presente estudo avaliou as seguintes atividades biológicas para cada um dos extratos glicólicos de Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori (alcachofra), Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (aroeira-do-sertão) e Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze(chá verde) em culturas de macrófagos de camundongo (RAW 264.7) pelo tempo de exposição de 5 min e 24 h: a) atividade citotóxica pelo ...

he low cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory action are interesting featuresfor mouthwashes, toothpastes and dental medication. Therefore, it isnecessary to evaluate these properties in plant glycolic extracts which canbe ingredients of the formulation of these products. This study evaluatedthe following biological activities for each of the glycolic extracts of Cynaracardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori (artichoke), Myracrodruon urundeuvaAllemão (pepper tree) and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (green tea) inmouse macrophage cultures (RAW 264.7) by the exposure time of 5 minand 24 h. a) cytotoxicity by MTT method in 11 serial dilutions, the initialconcentration of the extracts was 200 mg/mL. b) Anti-inflammatory activityafter stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli wasperformed by immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) using specific antibodies toquantify IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10. The results were subordinated tostatistical analyses (ANOVA and Turkey test), with p ≤ 0,05. Thecytotoxicity of the extracts was dependent on dose and time. At 5 minexposure time, artichoke extract showed cytotoxicity at a concentration of200 mg/mL. At 24 h exposure time, green tea showed cytotoxicity at theconcentrations ≥ 50 mg/mL, pepper tree stimulated the proliferation ofmacrophages in the concentrations of 0,39mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL andartichoke showed cytotoxicity at the concentrations ≥ 12.5 mg/mL. Greentea extract showed anti- inflammatory potential at a concentration of 12.5mg/mL and was dependent on dose, promoting a decrease production ofpro-inflammatory cytokines as IL-1β and TNF-α. Pepper tree presentedimmunopotentiating action at a concentration of 12.5 mg/mL at 24 h ofexposure time. Regarding artichoke, there is a need for further studies toidentify their immunomodulatory action

Atividade anti-inflamatória e citotoxicidade dos extratos glicólicos de Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori (alcachofra), Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (aroeira-do-sertão) e de Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (chá verde) / Anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of glycolic extracts of Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori (artichoke), Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (pepper tree) and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (green tea)

A baixa citotoxicidade e ação anti-inflamatória são características interessantes para enxaguatórios bucais, dentifrícios e medicamentos de uso odontológico. Sendo assim, é necessário avaliar estas propriedades nos extratos glicólicos vegetais que podem ser ingredientes das formulações desses produtos. O presente estudo avaliou as seguintes atividades biológicas para cada um dos extratos glicólicos de Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori (alcachofra), Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (aroeira-do-sertão) e Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (chá verde) em culturas de macrófagos de camundongo (RAW 264.7) pelo tempo de exposição de 5 min e 24 h: a) atividade citotóxica pelo método do MTT em 11 diluições seriadas, sendo que a concentração inicial dos extratos foi de 200mg/mL. b) atividade anti-inflamatória, após estímulo com lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) de Escherichia coli pelo método ELISA quantificou IL-1, TNF- e IL-10. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente por ANOVA e teste de Tukey, com p 5%. A citotoxicidade dos extratos foi dose e tempo dependentes. No tempo de exposição de 5 min, o extrato de alcachofra apresentou citotoxicidade na concentração de 200 mg/mL. No tempo de exposição de 24 h, o chá verde apresentou citotoxicidade nas concentrações 50 mg/mL, aroeirado- sertão estimulou a proliferação de macrófagos na concentração de 0,39 mg/mL a 12,5 mg/mL e a alcachofra apresentou citotoxicidade nas concentrações 12,5 mg/mL. O extrato de chá verde apresentou potencial anti-inflamatório na concentração de 12,5 mg/mL e foi dose dependente, promovendo diminuição da produção de citocinas próinflamatória, como IL-1ß e TNF-. A aroeira-do-sertão apresentou ação imunopotenciadora na concentração de 12,5 mg/mL no tempo de exposição de 24 h. Com relação a alcachofra há necessidade de novos estudos para identificar sua ação imunomoduladora(AU)

The low cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory action are interesting features for mouthwashes, toothpastes and dental medication. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate these properties in plant glycolic extracts which can be ingredients of the formulation of these products. This study evaluated the following biological activities for each of the glycolic extracts of Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori (artichoke), Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (pepper tree) and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (green tea) in mouse macrophage cultures (RAW 264.7) by the exposure time of 5 min and 24 h. a) cytotoxicity by MTT method in 11 serial dilutions, the initial concentration of the extracts was 200 mg/mL. b) Anti-inflammatory activity after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli was performed by immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) using specific antibodies to quantify IL-1, TNF- and IL-10. The results were subordinated to statistical analyses (ANOVA and Turkey test), with p 0,05. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was dependent on dose and time. At 5 min exposure time, artichoke extract showed cytotoxicity at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. At 24 h exposure time, green tea showed cytotoxicity at the concentrations 50 mg/mL, pepper tree stimulated the proliferation of macrophages in the concentrations of 0,39mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL and artichoke showed cytotoxicity at the concentrations 12.5 mg/mL. Green tea extract showed anti- inflammatory potential at a concentration of 12.5 mg/mL and was dependent on dose, promoting a decrease production of pro-inflammatory cytokines as IL-1 and TNF-. Pepper tree presented immunopotentiating action at a concentration of 12.5 mg/mL at 24 h of exposure time. Regarding artichoke, there is a need for further studies to identify their immunomodulatory action(AU)

Pandemic preparedness in Hawaii: a multicenter verification of real-time RT-PCR for the direct detection of influenza virus types A and B.

OBJECTIVE: We integrated multicenter, real-time (RTi) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) screening into a statewide laboratory algorithm for influenza surveillance and response. METHODS: Each of three sites developed its own testing strategy and was challenged with one randomized and blinded panel of 50 specimens previously tested for respiratory viruses. Following testing, each participating laboratory reported its results to the Hawaii State Department of Health, State Laboratories Division for evaluation and possible discrepant analysis. RESULTS: Two of three laboratories reported a 100% sensitivity and specificity, resulting in a 100% positive predictive value and a 100% negative predictive value (NPV) for influenza type A. The third laboratory showed a 71% sensitivity for influenza type A (83% NPV) with 100% specificity. All three laboratories were 100% sensitive and specific for the detection of influenza type B. Discrepant analysis indicated that the lack of sensitivity experienced by the third laboratory may have been due to the analyte-specific reagent probe used by that laboratory. Use of a newer version of the product with a secondary panel of 20 specimens resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS: All three laboratories successfully verified their ability to conduct clinical testing for influenza using diverse nucleic acid extraction and RTi RT-PCR platforms. Successful completion of the verification by all collaborating laboratories paved the way for the integration of those facilities into a statewide laboratory algorithm for influenza surveillance and response.

Surfactant degradation by a catechol-driven Fenton reaction.

The addition of 0.5mM catechol is shown to accelerate the degradation and mineralization of the anionic surfactant DowFax 2A1 (sodium dodecyldiphenyloxide disulfonate) under conventional Fenton reaction conditions (Fe(II) plus H(2)O(2) at pH 3). The catalytic effect causes a 3-fold increase in the initial rate (up to ca. 20 min) of conversion of the surfactant to oxidation products (apparent first-order rate constants of 0.021 and 0.061 min(-1) in the absence and presence of catechol, respectively). Although this catalytic rate increase persists for a certain amount of time after complete disappearance of catechol itself (ca. 8 min), the reaction rate begins to decline slowly after the initial 20 min towards that observed in the absence of added catechol. Total organic carbon (TOC) measurements of net mineralization and cyclic voltammetric and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) measurements of the initial rate of reaction of catechol and the surfactant provide insight into the role of catechol in promoting the degradation of the surfactant and of degradation products as the eventual inhibitors of the Fenton reaction.