MIMO 5G Smartphone Antenna with Tri-Band and Decoupled Elements.

In this article, a miniaturized antenna is proposed for 4G/5G multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) applications for smartphones. The proposed antenna is composed of an inverted L-shaped antenna with decoupled elements to cover 4G (2000-2600 MHz), and a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with a J-slot to cover 5G (3400-3600 MHz and 4800-5000 MHz). Furthermore, to achieve the purposes of miniaturization and decoupling, the structure adopts a feeding stub, shorting stub, and outstanding floor, additionally adding the slot to the PIFA, to generate additional frequency bands. Due to the advantages such as multiband operation, MIMO configuration for 5G communications, high isolation, and a compact structure, the proposed antenna design is attractive for 4G/5G smartphones. The antenna array is printed on an FR4 dielectric board, measuring 140 × 70 × 0.8 mm3, with the 4G antenna located on a top 15 mm-long headroom.

Comprehensive Evolutionary Analysis of Lamprey TNFR-Associated Factors (TRAFs) and Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase (RIPKs) and Insights Into the Functional Characterization of TRAF3/6 and RIPK1.

TNFR-associated factors (TRAFs) and receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPKs) are important immunological linker molecules in mammals and play important roles in the TNFα, TLR and IFN signaling pathways. However, the evolutionary origins of these genes in vertebrates have not previously been described in lampreys. In this study, we searched the genomes of Lampetra japonicum, Lethenteron reissneri, and Petromyzon marinus for genes encoding trafs and ripks and performed homologous sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree, functional domain, conserved motif, gene structure, and synteny analyses to determine their evolutionary relationships. The distribution of the lamprey traf and ripk families and the immune response of the gene families in lampreys stimulated by different pathogens were also demonstrated, suggesting a role of structural changes in expression and functional diversification. Additionally, the dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that the addition of exogenous immunomodulator (TNFα or IFN) to the overexpression of LjLRIPK1a or LjTRAF3/6 significantly downregulated NF-κB or ISRE activation. LjRIPK1a can significantly enhance caspase-8 activity, and overexpression of LjRIPK1a or LjTRAF3a/6 in HEK293T cells results in cell apoptosis. In summary, this study makes an important contribution to the understanding of the traf and ripk gene families in different vertebrates. Our results also provide new evidence for the evolution of vertebrate TRAFs and RIPKs and their impacts on immune regulation.

The role of serpin protein on the natural immune defense against pathogen infection in Lampetra japonica.

Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are a large protein family that is involved in various physiological processes and is known to regulate innate immunity pathways. However, research for the functional study of serpins in lamprey is limited. In the present study, a serpin gene was cloned and characterized from Lampetra japonica at molecular, protein and cellular levels, named L-serpin which belongs to family F serine protease inhibitors (serpin family). The L-serpin includes a serpin domain in the N-terminus. The mRNA transcript of L-serpin was extensively expressed in kidney, supraneural body, intestine, liver, heart, gill and the highest expression in leukocytes. The mRNA expression level of L-serpin increased significantly after Vibrio anguillarum, Staphylocccus aureus and Poly I:C stimulation and dramatically peak at 8 h. It is demonstrated that the L-serpin protected cells from lethal Gram-negative endotoxemia through associating with inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered cell death and inflammatory factors expression. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and the microbe binding assay were used to determine that L-serpin interacts directly with LPS (KD = 6.14 × 10-7 M). Furthermore, we confirmed L-serpin is a major inhibitor of complement activation by inactivating lamprey-C1q protein (KD = 2.06 × 10-6 M). Taken together, these findings suggest that L-serpin is a endogenous anti-inflammatory factor to defend against Gram-negative bacterial challenge and involved in lamprey innate immunity.

Odd-Integer Quantum Hall States and Giant Spin Susceptibility in p-Type Few-Layer WSe_{2}.

We fabricate high-mobility p-type few-layer WSe_{2} field-effect transistors and surprisingly observe a series of quantum Hall (QH) states following an unconventional sequence predominated by odd-integer states under a moderate strength magnetic field. By tilting the magnetic field, we discover Landau level crossing effects at ultralow coincident angles, revealing that the Zeeman energy is about 3 times as large as the cyclotron energy near the valence band top at the Γ valley. This result implies the significant roles played by the exchange interactions in p-type few-layer WSe_{2}, in which itinerant or QH ferromagnetism likely occurs. Evidently, the Γ valley of few-layer WSe_{2} offers a unique platform with unusually heavy hole carriers and a substantially enhanced g factor for exploring strongly correlated phenomena.

Achieving Ultrahigh Carrier Mobility in Two-Dimensional Hole Gas of Black Phosphorus.

We demonstrate that a field-effect transistor (FET) made of few-layer black phosphorus (BP) encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) in vacuum exhibits a room-temperature hole mobility of 5200 cm2/(Vs), being limited just by the phonon scattering. At cryogenic temperatures, the FET mobility increases up to 45 000 cm2/(Vs), which is five times higher compared to the mobility obtained in earlier reports. The unprecedentedly clean h-BN-BP-h-BN heterostructure exhibits Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and a quantum Hall effect with Landau level (LL) filling factors down to v = 2 in conventional laboratory magnetic fields. Moreover, carrier density independent effective mass of m* = 0.26 m0 is measured, and a Landé g-factor of g = 2.47 is reported. Furthermore, an indication for a distinct hole transport behavior with up- and down-spin orientations is found.

[Study of microorganism sterilization by instant microwave and electromagnetic pulse].

The sterilization effects of constant electromagnetic wave and instant pulse on foods and traditional Chinese medical pills are introduced in this paper. From the velum's voltage variation caused by the outward electric filed,the dielectric properties of membranaceous ion and the pass rate of the membranaceous ion, we could analyze the biological heating effect and the biological non-heating effect. The sterilization effect of constant electromagnetic wave is based on the biological heating effect, while the instant electromagnetic pulse is based on the biological non-heating effect. With the applied electronic field, the voltage of membrane could increase, which results in the gates of K+ open, and the flowing out of K+. And the variation of the membranaceous voltage makes the gates of Ca2+ open. The Ca2+ of large consistency could come into the cell by the gradient of voltage. It could induce the death of the cells. The greater the variation of membranaceous voltage becomes, the higher will be the death rate of the cells.