Prevalence and factors associated with hyperglycemia in a rural population of Tanvè and Dékanmey in Benin in 2019.

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia leads to serious damage to the body, especially the blood vessels and nerves. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hyperglycemia in a rural population of Tanvè and Dékanmey in Benin in 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, nested in the Tanvè Health Study (TAHES) cohort. It covered all residents of the villages of Tanvè and Dékanmey, aged 25 years and above, and having given their written consent. Data were collected in the households during the fourth annual monitoring visit in 2019 using the WHO STEPS Wise approach. Hyperglycemia was defined as a fasting capillary blood glucose value ≥ 110 mg/dL. Data were analyzed with R Studio software version 3.5.1. RESULTS: A total of 1331 subjects were included in the study with a 60% female predominance and a sex ratio (male/female) of 0.7. The median age was 40 years (Q1 = 32 years; Q3 = 53 years) with a range of 25 and 98 years. The prevalence of hyperglycemia was 4.6%. In multivariate analysis, advanced age (AOR = 1.03; 95%CI = 1.02-1.73; p = 0.004), male sex (AOR = 2.93; 95%CI = 1.49-5.84; p = 0.023), monthly income> 105,000 FCFA (AOR = 2.63; 95%CI = 1.24-5.63; p = 0.030), abdominal obesity (AOR = 2.80; 95%CI = 1.29-6.16; p = 0.007, and obesity (AOR = 1.68; 95%CI = 0.75-3.59; p = 0.004) were statistically associated with hyperglycemia. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hyperglycemia is not negligible in rural areas in Benin. Our study found that older age, male gender, high income, abdominal obesity, and obesity are determining factors in its occurrence.

The prevalence, awareness, management and control of hypertension in men and women in Benin, West Africa: the TAHES study.

BACKGROUND: Due to epidemiological transitions, Sub-Saharan Africa is facing a growing burden of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Among their risk factors, hypertension is a major determinant of CVDs, but the prevalence and level of awareness and management of this condition are poorly studied in African populations. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and identify its associated risk factors as well as the awareness and management of this condition in a community-dwelling cohort in Benin. METHODS: A cross-sectional door-to-door study was conducted in the population over the age of 25 years in Tanve, a rural setting in Benin. The questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of the World Health Organization STEPWISE survey were used. Blood pressure was measured using standard procedures. RESULTS: The sample included 1777 subjects (60.9% females, mean age was 42.5 ± 16.5 years). The prevalence of hypertension was 32.9%, similar in men (32.8%) and women (33.0%, p = 0.9342). Age and obesity were significantly associated with hypertension. Less than half (42%) of hypertensive people were aware about their condition and only 46.3% of them were treated. Awareness ratios differed between men and women (respectively 32.9% vs. 47.5%; p = 0.0039) and was not influenced by age, education, occupation, marital status or income. Female sex was the only factor associated with better controlled HTN, independent of socio-economic parameters. CONCLUSION: This large population-based study confirms the high prevalence, low awareness, and low control of hypertension in men and women in sub-Saharan Africa. Only half of the populations with hypertension are aware of their hypertension, indicating a high burden of undiagnosed and un-controlled high blood pressure in these populations.

Epidemiology of lower extremity artery disease in a rural setting in Benin, West Africa: The TAHES study.

BACKGROUND: Data on epidemiology of lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) in general population in Sub-Saharan Africa are sparse. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of LEAD among participants of Tanve Health Study (TAHES), a cohort about cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in a rural setting in Benin. METHODS: The cohort was launched since 2015 among adults aged over 25 years in Tanve, a village in Benin. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) was measured for the first time during the third annual visit of the cohort in 2017. Risk factors data were collected using the WHO STEPS adapted questionnaire in a systematic door-to-door survey. The LEAD was defined as ABI ≤ 0.90. RESULTS: We recorded ABI among 1003 out of 1407 TAHES' participants. A predominance of females (61.4%) was observed. The mean age was 44.4 ±â€¯15.7 years and 49.9% were under 40 years. Regarding CVD risk factors, prevalences were estimated for sedentary behavior (68.2%), harmful use of alcohol (3.9%), fruit and vegetable low intake (96.0%), tobacco smoking (5.2%), Overweight or obesity (Body mass index > 25) (27.7%), raised blood pressure (36.8%) and raised blood glucose (5.4%). Prevalence of LEAD was 5.5% (95%CI: 4.2%­7.1%) in the sample, 7.0% (95%CI: 5.1%­9.4%) in women and 3.1% (95%CI: 1.7%­5.5%) in men. Five individuals (0.5%; 95%CI: 0.2%­1.2%) had incompressible arteries (ABI ≥ 1.40), including four men. In multivariate analysis, LEAD was significantly associated with age ≥ 55 years (OR: 2.17; 95%CI: 1.20­3.92; p = 0.009) and female gender (OR: 2.27; 95%CI: 1.17­4.40; p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of LEAD is high in rural Benin and predominates among women and people over 55 years old.