Cohort Profile: the European Unified Registries On Heart care Evaluation and Randomised Trials (EuroHeart) - Acute Coronary Syndrome and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

AIMS: The European Unified Registries On Heart care Evaluation And Randomized Trials (EuroHeart) aims to improve the quality of care and clinical outcomes for patients with cardiovascular disease. The collaboration of acute coronary syndrome/percutaneous coronary intervention (ACS/PCI) registries is operational in seven vanguard European Society of Cardiology member countries. METHODS AND RESULTS: Adults admitted to hospitals with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are included, and individual patient-level data collected and aligned according to the internationally agreed EuroHeart data standards for ACS/PCI. The registries provide up to 155 variables spanning patient demographics and clinical characteristics, in-hospital care, in-hospital outcomes, and discharge medications. After performing statistical analyses on patient data, participating countries transfer aggregated data to EuroHeart for international reporting.Between 1st January 2022 and 31st December 2022, 40 021 admissions (STEMI 46.7%, NSTEMI 53.3%) were recorded from 192 hospitals in the seven vanguard countries: Estonia, Hungary, Iceland, Portugal, Romania, Singapore, and Sweden. The mean age for the cohort was 67.9 (standard deviation 12.6) years, and it included 12 628 (31.6%) women. CONCLUSION: The EuroHeart collaboration of ACS/PCI registries prospectively collects and analyses individual data for ACS and PCI at a national level, after which aggregated results are transferred to the EuroHeart Data Science Centre. The collaboration will expand to other countries and provide continuous insights into the provision of clinical care and outcomes for patients with ACS and undergoing PCI. It will serve as a unique international platform for quality improvement, observational research, and registry-based clinical trials.

Prognosis Impact and Prediction of Trans-Radial Access Failure in Patients With STEMI, A Nationwide Observational Study.

Trans-radial access (TRA) is the primary arterial approach for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, occasionally, a crossover to trans-femoral access is necessary because of unsuccessful TRA. The impact of failed TRA on the prognosis in STEMI patients and the utility of predictive models for TRA failure remains uncertain. Data from the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry (January 2014 to December 2020) were analyzed. Primary endpoints were 1-year mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events. Propensity score matching was employed to create a balanced cohort for comparing successful and failed TRA. The impact of unsuccessful TRA on prognosis was evaluated using Cox regression analysis. Machine learning techniques were applied to predict TRA failure. The performance and the clinical applicability of the novel and previous prediction models were comprehensively evaluated. Of 76,625 registered patients, 34,293 (69.8 ± 13.4 years, male/female: 21,893/12,400) underwent TRA (33,573) or failed TRA (720) PCI for STEMI. After propensity score matching, in the unsuccessful TRA group, the risk of mortality (34.3% vs 22.5%, hazard ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.0, p <0.001) and major adverse cardiovascular events (37.4% vs 26.8%, hazard ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 1.8, p <0.001) were significantly higher. Door-to-balloon time did not differ significantly (p = 0.835). In predictive analysis, Regularized Discriminant Analysis emerged as the most promising model, surpassing previous prediction models (area under the curve: 0.66, sensitivity: 0.32, specificity: 0.86). Nevertheless, Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) 2.0 score demonstrated a remarkable performance (area under the curve: 0.65, sensitivity: 0.51, specificity: 0.73). This study underscores the pivotal role of successful TRA in enhancing outcomes in STEMI cases, advocating for its prioritization. The inability to conclude interventions through this approach is linked to a poorer prognosis, even in risk-adjusted analyses. Our findings indicate that prediction models utilizing clinical parameters do not outperform the established GRACE 2.0 algorithm, questioning their utility. In conclusion, the results emphasize the significance of TRA success and the continued relevance of the GRACE score in clinical decision-making to optimize patient outcomes.

External validation of the GRACE risk score in patients with myocardial infarction in Hungary.

Background: Literature confirms that the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score provides a better risk evaluation than clinical judgment in patients with acute myocardial infarction. We aimed to externally validate the GRACE risk score in unselected patients with myocardial infarction in Hungary. Methods: Data from the comprehensive Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry (HUMIR), a national registry that collects data on consecutive acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, were used. Hospitals registered 102,939 infarction events in the HUMIR between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2020. The data required to calculate GRACE risk score were available for 75,199 events. We studied the 6-months, 1-year, and 3-year outcomes. We calculated widely used metrics to characterise calibration (calibration curve, calibration intercept and slope, Eavg, Emax, and E90) and discrimination (c-score, equivalent to AUC, and Somer's Dxy). Results: The risk of low-risk patients was underestimated, and the risk of high-risk patients was overestimated. However, the deviation was small, especially for the three-year survival (E90 was 0.15, 0.22, and 0.08). Discrimination was good, with an AUC of approximately 0.8, and was very similar in all the periods. Conclusions: These data confirmed the usefulness of GRACE risk score in selecting high-risk patients with myocardial infarction in the Hungarian population.

[Comparison of the incidence, treatment and prognosis of myocardial infarction in Hungary's differently developed districts]. / A szívinfarktus incidenciája, a betegek ellátásának és prognózisának összehasonlítása Magyarország különbözo fejlettségu járásaiban.

INTRODUCTION: Several international studies have already confirmed the importance of the socioeconomic status of acute myocardial infarction patients in terms of patient care and prognosis. To our knowledge, a nationwide examination of this kind has not yet taken place in Hungary. The investigation of this problem field was made possible by the fact that from January 1, 2014, all healthcare providers must record the data of patients treated with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the database of the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry (HUMIR). OBJECTIVE: In this study, the authors searched for an answer to whether the complex development index (CDI) in Hungary's 174 districts and 23 capital districts influences the treatment and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction patients. METHOD: Based on the CDI worked out by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, the authors divided the Hungarian districts into low (CDI_L), medium (CDI_M) and high (CDI_H) CDI groups according to their values. They examined the incidence, hospital treatment and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction in these administrative-territorial units. The HUMIR included 66,253 patients treated by myocardial infarction between 2015 and 2019. Their place of residence could be identified based on the zip code and in which district it was located. In the examined population, 29,101 patients with ST-elevation (STEMI) and 37,152 without ST-elevation (NSTEMI) received treatment for acute myocardial infarction. RESULTS: In the population over 15 years of age, the age-standardized incidence of STEMI was 68.8 per 100,000 inhabitants a year in the CDI_L group and 52.7 per 100,000 inhabitants a year in the CDI_H group. Almost the same values were found in all three CDI subgroups of NSTEMI incidence (69.5 and 67 per 10,000 inhabitants a year). The frequency of percutaneous coronary intervention in the case of STEMI was higher than in NSTEMI, but within the groups, CDI did not influence the performance of this treatment. In the case of STEMI, the rates of patients who underwent percutaneous coronaria intervention in all three CDI subgroups (CDI_L, CDI_M, CDI_H) were 83.5%, 83.7%, 83.5%, while in the case of NSTEMI they were 57.4%, 57.7%, 57.3%. The authors applied a Cox multivariate regression analysis to examine myocardial infarction mortality. The CDI did not affect the 30-day mortality rates in the case of any myocardial infarction: the hazard ratio (HR) values were 0.906 and 0.914 (p = 0.04659; p = 0.04686) in the case of STEMI, while 1.067 and 1.001 (p = 0.16520; p = 0.98933) in the case of NSTEMI. In the case of a STEMI diagnosis, the risk of the 30-364-day and the 1-year mortality in the subgroup of CDI_H was significantly lower (HR = 0.822 and 0.816) than in the subgroup of CDI_L (p = 0.00096 and p = 0.00001). In the case of NSTEMI diagnosis, the authors found a difference in the risk of beyond 1-year mortality by comparing the districts in the subgroup of CDI_L with the districts in CDI_H: in the latter case, the HR of the mortality was 0.876, which was significantly lower (p = 0.00029) than in the subgroup of CDI_L. CONCLUSION: The CDI has independent prognostic significance in determining the late prognosis of acute myocardial infarction patients. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(47): 1862-1871.

Sex-related differences in the management and outcomes of patients hospitalized with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a comparison within four European myocardial infarction registries.

Aims: Data on how differences in risk factors, treatments, and outcomes differ between sexes in European countries are scarce. We aimed to study sex-related differences regarding baseline characteristics, in-hospital managements, and mortality of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in different European countries. Methods and results: Patients over the age of 18 with STEMI who were treated in hospitals in 2014-17 and registered in one of the national myocardial infarction registers in Estonia (n = 5817), Hungary (n = 30 787), Norway (n = 33 054), and Sweden (n = 49 533) were included. Cardiovascular risk factors, hospital treatment, and recommendation of discharge medications were obtained from the infarction registries. The primary outcome was mortality, in-hospital, after 30 days and after 1 year. Logistic and cox regression models were used to study the associations of sex and outcomes in the respective countries. Women were older than men (70-78 and 62-68 years, respectively) and received coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, left ventricular ejection fraction assessment, and evidence-based drugs to a lesser extent than men, in all countries. The crude mortality in-hospital rates (10.9-15.9 and 6.5-8.9%, respectively) at 30 days (13.0-19.9 and 8.2-10.9%, respectively) and at 1 year (20.3-28.1 and 12.4-17.2%, respectively) after hospitalization were higher in women than in men. In all countries, the sex-specific differences in mortality were attenuated in the adjusted analysis for 1-year mortality. Conclusion: Despite improved awareness of the sex-specific inequalities on managing patients with acute myocardial infarction in Europe, country-level data from this study show that women still receive less guideline-recommended management.

Practice of antiplatelet therapy in acute myocardial infarction / A thrombocytaaggregáció-gátló kezelés gyakorlata heveny szívinfarktusban

Introduction: In patients who have survived myocardial infarction, platelet aggregation inhibitor (TAG) treatment plays an important role in preventing recurrent ischemic events. Objective: to investigate the proportion of patients who received aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor during the hospitalization and the proportion of patients who continued taking the recommended therapy during follow-up. All patients treated for myocardial infarction who had a medical ID number were included in the study. Results: 16 273 patients had ST-elevation (STEMI) and 20 305 patients had non-ST-elevation (NSTEMI) infarction. 80% of patients were hypertensive. Diabetes mellitus (35%) and impaired renal function (30%) were demonstrated in one in three patients. The TAG treatment recommendation was analysed in 36 578 patients who left the hospital. Clopidogrel 12.7%, prasugrel 4.3%, ticagrelor, 93.9%, 77.7%, 8.3% and 3.2% were found in the NSTEMI group. For medicines available under special conditions (prasugrel, ticagrelor), there were significant differences between cen­tres: the proposal varied between 1.2­4.3% for prasugrel and 0.3­10.8% for ticagrelor. Drug switching events were monitored using the National Institute of Health Insurance Fund database. Pharmacovigilance data were available for 29 405 patients. We considered the longest period in the adherence study, and the grace period was 2 months. Adherence durations were processed using a standard survival analysis toolkit (Kaplan­Meier method). At 1 year after the first switch, 76.1%, 78.3%, and 80.9% of the patients in clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor were adherents to the recommended treatment. Conclusion: The frequency of use of certain antiplatelet drugs varies significantly across different intervention centres. More than three-quarters of the patients are adherent to treatment 1 year after starting treatment.

Comparison of management and outcomes of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients in Estonia, Hungary, Norway, and Sweden according to national ongoing registries.

AIMS: Describe the characteristics, management and outcomes of hospitalized ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients according to national ongoing myocardial infarction registries in Estonia, Hungary, Norway, and Sweden. METHODS AND RESULTS: Country-level aggregated data was used to study baseline characteristics, use of in-hospital procedures, medications at discharge, in-hospital complications, 30-day and 1-year mortality for all patients admitted with STEMI during 2014-2017 using data from EMIR (Estonia; n = 4584), HUMIR (Hungary; n = 23 685), NORMI (Norway; n = 12 414, data for 2013-2016), and SWEDEHEART (Sweden; n = 23 342). Estonia and Hungary had a higher proportion of women, patients with hypertension, diabetes, and peripheral artery disease compared to Norway and Sweden. Rates of reperfusion varied from 75.7% in Estonia to 84.0% in Sweden. Rates of recommendation of discharge medications were generally high and similar. However, Estonia demonstrated the lowest rates of dual antiplatelet therapy (78.1%) and statins (86.5%). Norway had the lowest rates of beta-blockers (80.5%) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (61.5%). The 30-day mortality rates ranged between 9.9% and 13.4% remaining lowest in Sweden. One-year mortality rates ranged from 14.8% in Sweden and 16.0% in Norway to 20.6% in Hungary and 21.1% in Estonia. Age-adjusted lethality rates were highest for Hungary and lowest for Sweden. CONCLUSION: This inter-country comparison of data from four national ongoing European registries provides new insights into the risk factors, management and outcomes of patients with STEMI. There are several possible reasons for the findings, including coverage of the registries and variability of baseline-characteristics' definitions that need to be further explored.

Differences in characteristics, treatments and outcomes in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: novel insights from four national European continuous real-world registries.

AIMS: To study baseline characteristics, in-hospital managements and mortality of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients in different European countries. METHODS AND RESULTS: NSTEMI patients enrolled in the national myocardial infarction (MI) registries [EMIR; n = 5817 (Estonia), HUMIR; n = 30 787 (Hungary), NORMI; n = 33 054 (Norway), and SWEDEHEART; n = 49 533 (Sweden)] from 2014 to 2017 were included and presented as aggregated data. The median age at admission ranged from 70 to 75 years. Current smoking status was numerically higher in Norway (24%), Estonia (22%), and Hungary (19%), as compared to Sweden (17%). Patients in Hungary had a high rate of diabetes mellitus (37%) and hypertension (84%). The proportion of performed coronary angiographies (58% vs. 75%) and percutaneous coronary interventions (38% vs. 56%), differed most between Norway and Hungary. Prescription of dual antiplatelet therapy at hospital discharge ranged from 60% (Estonia) to 81% (Hungary). In-hospital death ranged from 3.5% (Sweden) to 9% (Estonia). The crude mortality rate at 1 month was 12% in Norway and 5% in Sweden (5%), whereas the 1-year mortality rates were similar (20-23%) in Hungary, Estonia, and Norway and 15% in Sweden. CONCLUSION: Cross-comparisons of four national European MI registries provide important data on differences in risk factors and treatment regiments that may explain some of the observed differences in death rates. A unified European continuous MI registry could be an option to better understand how implementation of guideline-recommended therapy can be used to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease.

Management of patients treated for myocardial infarction in different regions of Hungary and patient survival for 10 years / Szívinfarktus miatt kezelt betegek ellátása Magyarország különbözo régióiban és a betegek 10 éves túlélése.

Összefoglaló. Elozmény: A szívinfarktus miatt kezelt betegek ellátásának regionális adataira és a betegek hosszú távú kórlefolyására vonatkozó hazai kutatás eddig nem történt. Célkituzés: A vizsgálat célja a Magyar Infarktus Regiszter pilotidoszakában rögzített betegeknél az ellátás és a 10 éves túlélés elemzése a magyarországi nagyrégiókban. Módszer: A Magyar Infarktus Regiszter (késobbi neve: Nemzeti Szívinfarktus Regiszter) 2010. január 1. és 2013. december 31. között a centrumok önkéntes részvételével 23 142 beteg adatait rögzítette, akik írásban hozzájárultak egészségügyi és klinikai adataik kezeléséhez. Az adatgyujtés a Kutatásetikai Bizottság engedélyével rendelkezett. A vizsgált populációban 12 104, ST-elevációval járó myocardialis infarctuson (STEMI) és 10 768, ST-elevációval nem járó myocardialis infarctuson (NSTEMI) átesett beteg szerepelt. A feldolgozott adatok 128 220 betegévre vonatkoznak, amelyeket nagyrégiók szerint (Nyugat-, Közép- és Kelet-Magyarország) hasonlítottunk össze. Eredmények: A STEMI-betegek 78,4%-ánál, az NSTEMI-betegek 51,6%-ánál történt katéteres érmegnyitás (PCI). NSTEMI esetén a Közép-Magyarország és Nyugat-Magyarország régiókban a beavatkozás gyakoribb volt, mint a Kelet-Magyarország régióban (p<0,01). Az utánkövetés során a PCI a Nyugat-Magyarország régióban, a revascularisatiós szívmutét (CABG) a Nyugat-Magyarország és a Kelet-Magyarország régióban szignifikánsan gyakoribb volt, mint a Közép-Magyarország régióban (p<0,01). A STEMI-betegek között a 10 év alatt a férfiak 49,2%-a, a nok 46,6%-a halt meg, az NSTEMI-csoportban 63%, illetve 57,6%. Az akut szakban elvégzett PCI mindkét betegcsoportban, nemben, az utánkövetés minden idopontjában és a vizsgált régiókban csökkentette a halálozást (p<0,01). A STEMI-betegek esetén a túlélés a régiók között nem különbözött (p = 0,72), míg az NSTEMI után a 10 éves túlélés a Nyugat-Magyarország régióban jobb volt (p<0,01). Következtetés: A magyarországi nagyrégiók között az infarktusos betegek ellátásában és prognózisában regionális különbségek vannak. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(36): 1438-1450. HISTORY: Regional data on patients' care for myocardial infarction and the long-term follow up of patients have not yet been studied in Hungary. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to analyze the care and 10-year survival of patients recorded during the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry's pilot period in large regions of Hungary. METHOD: Between Jan 1, 2010 and Dec 31, 2013, the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry recorded data on 23 142 patients with voluntary participation. The Research Ethics Committee approved the program. The study included 12 104 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 10 768 patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The data processed refer to 128 220 patient years based on large regions (West, Central and East Hungary). RESULTS: Percutaneous coronary intervention occurred in 78.4% of STEMI patients and 51.6% of NSTEMI patients. In the NSTEMI group, percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in the Central-Hungary and West-Hungary regions were significantly more common than in the East-Hungary region (p<0.01). During follow-up, PCI in the West-Hungary region, revascularization surgery in the West-Hungary and East-Hungary regions were significantly more common than in the Central-Hungary region (p<0.01). Among STEMI patients, 49.2% of men and 46.6% of women died within 10 years, while in the NSTEMI group 63% and 57.6%, respectively. PCI reduced mortality in both patient groups, sex, at all times of follow-up and in the regions studied (p<0.01). As for STEMI patients, survival was similar in all regions (p = 0.72), while after NSTEMI, 10-year survival in the West-Hungary region was better (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: There are regional differences in the care and prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(36): 1438-1450.

Incidence, pre-hospital delay and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction in big regions of Hungary: Population data from the Hungarian myocardial infarction registry.

AIM: To examine the incidence and treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as well as 30-day and 1-year prognoses of patients in different regions of Hungary. According to the statistical system of the European Union, Hungary can be divided into three major socio-economic regions-west Hungary, central Hungary and east Hungary. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry (HUMIR) is a prospective comprehensive and mandatory disease registry for patients with AMI. The total population of Hungary is currently 9.8 million: 39% live in the eastern region (ER), 31% in the central region (CR) and 30% in the western region (WR). Population over 30 years, the age-standardised incidence of AMI was 177.5 (175.7-179.3) per 100 000 person-year. During hospital treatment, 82.5%-84.6% of patients with ST-elevation (STEMI) and 54.8%-58.8% without ST-elevation (NSTEMI) myocardial infarction underwent PCI. The total ischaemic time of patients with STEMI was shortest in WR (221 minutes) compared with two other regions (CR: 225 minutes and ER: 262 minutes). In the STEMI group, the 30-day mortality rates of male patients were lowest in the WR (P = .03). If PCI was performed, mortality rates for both sexes were lowest in the WR (P < .01; P = .04). The 1-year mortality rate in the male population who received PCI was lowest in the WR. In the NSTEMI group, the 30-day mortality rate exhibited no differences. Regarding 1-year mortality, those who underwent PCI in the WR showed the lowest mortality. CONCLUSION: The major regions of Hungary revealed significant differences regarding the incidence, prehospital delay, treatment and mortality of AMI. Logistic regression analysis confirmed the independent prognostic significance of the region on the 30-day mortality of patients with STEMI (hazard ratio = 0.88, P = .0114; CI: 0.80-0.97).

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients treated for ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction: Incidence, clinical features, and prognosis based on population-level data from Hungary.

AIM: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a severe complication of myocardial infarction. Literature data on the incidence of OHCA are inconsistent, and population-level data are incomplete. METHODS: Based on the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry, the incidence of OHCA and its 30-day and 1-year mortality, as well as the significance of factors influencing the course of the disease in 28,083 ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients, were investigated using multivariable regression models. RESULTS: Of the 28,083 STEMI patients, 1535 (5.5%) had OHCA, which was more likely to occur in men. The long-term incidence of OHCA did not change significantly; no significant seasonality was found either. However, the daily distribution of cases showed that most OHCA patients were admitted to the hospital around 8 p.m. The occurrence of OHCA significantly worsened patients' prognoses; both 30-day and 1-year mortalities were considerably higher in the OHCA group than in the control group (46% vs 11.6%, 53.2% vs 18.7%, p < 0.001). This difference accumulated in the first few months; conditional survival after six months was no worse in those who had OHCA. Compared to those without OHCA, cardiogenic shock was more common at the time of hospitalisation (18.4% vs 2.2%) in the OHCA group. The highest risk of death was caused by the co-occurrence of OHCA and cardiogenic shock, which led to an eight times greater hazard of death (HR: 8.41, 95% CI: 7.37-9.60, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Multivariable analysis confirmed the independent prognostic significance of age, catheter intervention during the index hospitalisation, OHCA, and cardiogenic shock.

Oral anticoagulation and outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction: Insights from the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry.

INTRODUCTION: Anticoagulation reduces the risk of stroke and embolization and is recommended in most patients with atrial fibrillation. Patients after coronary intervention and acute coronary syndromes require antiplatelet treatment. Although oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy may interfere with the outcome of patients after coronary intervention, its exact impact remains unclear. Importantly, risk-benefit relations may be considerably different after myocardial infarction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data of patients registered from the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry, a mandatory nationwide program for hospitals treating patients with myocardial infarction, were processed. Patients registered between 01.2014. and 12.2017 were included. All-cause mortality, the composite of cardiac events (MACE), and transfusion were compared between patients receiving OAC treatment and a propensity score (PS) matched control group. Subgroup analyses of different anticoagulation and antiplatelet strategies were performed with propensity weighted Cox proportional hazards' models to estimate risk during the first year after the index event. RESULTS: From 30 681 patients 1875 cases received OAC treatment and had apparently worse prognosis. After PS-matching, however, we found no difference regarding mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.91 95% CI 0.77-1.09, P = .303), MACE (HR: 0.92 95% CI 0.78-1.09, P = .335) or transfusion (HR: 1.21, 95% CI 0.97-1.49, P = .086). In PS-adjusted analyses for the OAC group, patients who received aspirin were associated with lower mortality (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60-0.997, P = .048) and MACE (HR:0.73, 95% CI 0.58-0.92, P = .008) compared to those without aspirin. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute myocardial infarction, the prognosis of OAC-treated patients was comparable to the PS matched control; however, the omission of aspirin therapy was associated with unfavorable outcomes.

Diurnal and seasonal patterns in the incidence and mortality of acute myocardial infarction in Hungary / A heveny szívinfarktus gyakoriságának és az általa okozott halálozás diurnalis és szezonális jellemzoi Magyarországon.

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A heveny szívinfarktus gyakoriságának és halálozásának napi és szezonális ingadozása fontos epidemiológiai adat, régóta kutatás tárgya. Célkituzés: A szívinfarktus gyakoriságának, az általa okozott halálozásnak diurnalis és szezonális vizsgálata nagy esetszámú, válogatás nélküli betegcsoport adatainak elemzésével. Módszer: A szerzok a Nemzeti Szívinfarktus Regiszterben 2014. 01. 01. és 2017. 12. 31. között regisztrált betegek adatait dolgozták fel. Az adatok többváltozós vizsgálatára általánosított additív modelleket használtak. Eredmények: Három év alatt 30 333, ST-elevációval nem járó infarktus (NSTEMI) és 23 667, ST-elevációval járó infarktus (STEMI) miatt kezelt beteg adatait rögzítettük. A betegek utánkövetésének medián értéke 563 nap volt. Szívinfarktusra utaló panasz - mindkét infarktustípus esetén - reggel 7 és 8 óra között jelentkezett a leggyakrabban, NSTEMI esetén este 20 óra körül is találtak egy második gyakorisági csúcsot. A hét napjai a gyakoriság szempontjából szignifikáns eltérést mutattak (p<0,001): hétfon magasabb, hétvégén lényegesen alacsonyabb incidenciát találtunk. Az éven belüli mintázat mindkét nemi, életkori és infarktustípus szerinti csoportban konzisztens: tavasszal a legmagasabb, nyáron a legalacsonyabb az incidencia (p<0,001). Az incidencia munkaszüneti napokon alacsonyabb volt (p = 0,0053 STEMI-nél, p<0,001 NSTEMI-nél). A halálozás többszempontos analízise azt igazolta, hogy a hét napjai itt is eltértek, hétvégén magasabb halálozás igazolódott (p<0,001). A munkaszüneti napoknak ugyanakkor nem volt szignifikáns hatásuk a halálozásra (p = 0,4542), és az évszakok halálozási adatai sem különböztek (p = 0,0677). Következtetés: A szívinfarktus gyakrabban fordult elo hétfon, a reggeli órákban és az évszakok esetén tavasszal. A halálozás hétvégén nagyobb volt, mint munkanapokon. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(14): 555-560. INTRODUCTION: Daily and seasonal variation of the incidence and mortality of acute myocardial infarction has long been the subject of research. OBJECTIVE: Investigation of the diurnal and seasonal pattern of the incidence and mortality of myocardial infarction by analyzing data from a large number of consecutive patients. METHOD: The authors processed the data of patients registered in the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry between 01. 01. 2014 and 31. 12. 2017. Generalized additive models were used for the multivariate investigation of the data. RESULTS: 30 333 patients treated for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and 23 667 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were recorded. The median follow-up was 563 days. Patients' complaints most commonly occurred between 7:00 and 8:00 a.m. for both types of infarction with a secondary peak at 20:00 p.m. for NSTEMI. The days of week were significantly different (p<0.001) with a higher incidence on Monday, and lower at the weekend. The seasonal pattern was consistent in every age and sex group and according to the type of infarction: incidence was the highest in spring and the lowest in summer (p<0.001). The incidence was lower on public holidays (p = 0.0053 for STEMI, p<0.001 for NSTEMI). Multivariate analysis of mortality revealed that the days of week are significantly different here as well (p<0.001) with a higher mortality at the weekends. The effect of public holidays was non-significant (p = 0.4542) as was seasonality (p = 0.0677) in mortality. CONCLUSION: Myocardial infarction occurs more often in the morning hours, on Monday, and - as far as seasonal variation - in spring. The mortality at the end of the week is greater than on working days. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(14): 555-560.

Quality assurance of national internet-based patient register data: Experiences during the operation of the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry, 2010­2020 / Internetalapú, országos betegségregiszter adatainak minoségbiztosítása: Tapasztalatok a Nemzeti Szívinfarktus Regiszter muködtetése során, 2010­2020

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A Nemzeti Szívinfarktus Regiszterben 111 788 beteg 122 351 infarktusos eseményéhez kapcsolódó 145 292 kezelés adatai szerepelnek. Módszer: A rögzített adatokat az üzemeltetok folyamatosan kontrollálják, bemutatják azokat a minoségbiztosítási módszereket, amelyekkel az adatbázis teljességét és megfeleloségét biztosítják. Az online informatikai rendszerben az adatbevitel során 119 automatikus ellenorzési algoritmust muködtetnek. Az automatikus ellenorzési algoritmussal nem kezelheto adatok ellenorzését 5 részállású, egészségügyi képzettségu kontroller és 2 foállású munkatárs végzi. A regiszter muködése során folyamatosan fejlesztették az ellenorzés módszereit, ennek során 2018-tól a kontrollerek által ellenorzött adatlapok utóellenorzésére is sor kerül. Az utóellenorzés során a már ellenorzött adatlapok 2,4%-ában további javításra volt szükség. Eredmények: Az utóellenorzés eredménye, hogy a kontrolleri munkát hatékonyabbá sikerült tenni, mivel egyre kevesebb az utóellenorzés során hibásnak talált adatlapok száma. Megvizsgálták, hogy az adatlap kérdéseire milyen arányban kaptak értékelheto választ. Az értékelheto válaszok aránya a legtöbb esetben meghaladta a 90%-ot, azonban a panaszok kezdetének ideje az adatlapok 39%-ában volt megadva, míg a dohányzási szokásokkal kapcsolatos válasz az esetek 59%-ában volt megfelelo. Megbeszélés: A szerzok rámutatnak arra, hogy a Nemzeti Egészségbiztosítási Alapkezelo és a Nemzeti Szívinfarktus Regiszter adatbázisának folyamatos egyeztetése hozzájárul a regisztráció teljességének biztosításához, lehetové teszi a betegek állapotának hosszú távú követését. Miután a program kötelezo jelleguvé vált 2014. 01. 01-jén, az elso évben a szívinfarktus-diagnózissal finanszírozott betegek kétharmada (67%) szerepelt a regiszter adatbázisában; ez az arány a 2017-2019-es években meghaladta a 90%-ot (91,7-93,6-91,3%). Következtetés: Vizsgálatukból a szerzok azt a következtetést vonják le, hogy a betegségregiszter muködése során szükséges az adatok teljességének és megfeleloségének folyamatos ellenorzése. A regiszter adatbázisának 90% feletti teljessége az ellátórendszer minoségi paramétereinek folyamatos követését teszi lehetové. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(2): 61-68. INTRODUCTION: The Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry contains data on 145 592 treatments related to the 111 788 patients and the 122 351 myocardial infarctions. METHOD: The recorded information is continuously monitored, and the quality assurance methods used to ensure the completeness and adequacy of the database are presented. In the online IT system, 119 automatic verification algorithms are operated during data entry. Data that cannot be handled by the automated verification algorithm is checked by five part-time health-qualified controllers and two full-time employees. During the operation of the register, the control methods were continuously developed, during which the data sheets checked by the controllers will be post-checked from 2018 onwards. During the post-checked process, 2.4% of the datasheets required further correction. RESULTS: The number of data sheets found to be incorrect during the post-audit was decreasing. The authors examined the proportion of evaluable answers to the questionnaire. The rate of evaluable responses was over 90% in most cases; however, the time of the onset of symptoms was given in 39% of the datasheets, while the answer to smoking habits was adequate in 59% of cases. DISCUSSION: The authors point out that the continuous consultation of the database of the National Health Fund Management Centre and the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry contributes to ensuring the completeness of registration, enabling long-term monitoring of the condition of patients. In the first year of the mandatory period of the program, two-thirds (67%) of patients treated with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction were included in the registry database, and this proportion exceeded 90% in the years 2017-2019 (91.7-93.6-91.3%). CONCLUSION: The study of the authors concludes that the completeness and adequacy of the data need to be constantly monitored during the operation of the patient registry. The integrity of the register database above 90% enables the continuous monitoring of the quality parameters of the system. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(2): 61-68.

Short- and long-term prognostic significance of previous recanalization interventions in patients treated for myocardial infarction / A kórelozményben szereplo revascularisatiós mutét rövid és hosszú távú prognosztikai jelentosége szívinfarktus miatt kezelt betegekben.

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A szívinfarktust megelozo revascularisatiós beavatkozások prognosztikai jelentoségével kapcsolatban kevés elemzés ismeretes, hazai adatokat eddig nem közöltek. Célkituzés: A szerzok a Nemzeti Szívinfarktus Regiszter adatait felhasználva elemezték a koszorúér-revascularisatiós szívmutétet (CABG) túlélt betegek prognózisát heveny szívinfarktusban. Módszer: Az adatbázisban 2014. 01. 01. és 2017. 12. 31. között 55 599 beteg klinikai és kezelési adatait rögzítették: 23 437 betegnél (42,2%) ST-elevációval járó infarktus (STEMI), 32 162 betegnél (57,8%) ST-elevációval nem járó infarktus (NSTEMI) miatt került sor a kórházi kezelésre. Vizsgáltuk a CABG után fellépo infarktus miatt kezelt betegek klinikai adatait és prognózisát, amelyeket azon betegek adataival hasonlítottunk össze, akiknél nem szerepelt szívmutét a kórelozményben (kontrollcsoport). Eredmények: A betegek többsége mindkét infarktustípusban férfi volt (62%, illetve 59%). Az indexinfarktust megelozoen a betegek 5,33%-ánál (n = 2965) történt CABG, amely az NSTEMI-betegeknél volt gyakoribb (n = 2357; 7,3%). A CABG-csoportba tartozó betegek idosebbek voltak, esetükben több társbetegséget (magas vérnyomás, diabetes mellitus, perifériás érbetegség) rögzítettek. Az indexinfarktus esetén a katéteres koszorúér-intervenció a kontrollcsoport STEMI-betegeiben gyakoribb volt a CABG-csoporthoz viszonyítva (84% vs. 71%). Az utánkövetés 12 hónapja során a betegek 4,7-12,2%-ában újabb infarktus, 13,7-17,3%-ában újabb katéteres koszorúér-intervenció történt. Az utánkövetés alatt a CABG-csoportban magasabbnak találtuk a halálozást. A halálozást befolyásoló tényezok hatásának korrigálására Cox-féle regressziós analízist, illetve 'propensity score matching' módszert alkalmaztunk. Mindkét módszerrel történt elemzés azt mutatta, hogy a kórelozményben szereplo koszorúér-revascularisatiós mutét nem befolyásolta a túlélést. Amennyiben a beteg kórelozményében szerepelt a koszorúérmutét, az indexinfarktus nagyobb eséllyel volt NSTEMI, mint STEMI (HR: 1,612; CI 1,464-1,774; p<0,001). Következtetés: A kórelozményben szereplo koszorúér-revascularisatiós mutét nem befolyásolta a szívinfarktus miatt kezelt betegek életkilátásait. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(5): 177-184. INTRODUCTION: Little analysis is known about the prognostic significance of revascularization interventions before myocardial infarction; no domestic data have been reported so far. METHOD: The authors use data from the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry to analyze the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction who had previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Between 01. 01. 2014. and 31. 12. 2017, 55 599 patients were recorded in the Registry: 23 437 patients (42.2%) had ST-elevation infarction (STEMI) and 31 162 patients (57.8%) had non-ST-elevation infarction (NSTEMI). The clinical data and prognosis of patients treated for infarction after CABG were compared with those of patients without a CABG history. RESULTS: The majority of patients were male (59% and 60%, respectively). Prior to index infarction, CABG occurred in 5.33% of patients (n = 2965), which was more common in NSTEMI (n = 2357; 7.3%). The CABG patients were older and had more comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease). For index infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention was more common in STEMI patients in the control group compared to CABG (84% vs. 71%). At 12 months of follow-up, 4.7-12.2% of patients had reinfarction, and 13.7-17.3% had another percutaneous coronary intervention. During the full follow-up, the CABG group had higher mortality. Cox regression analysis and propensity score matching were used to correct for the effect of other factors influencing mortality. Both analyses showed CABG did not affect survival. In the CABG group, the index infarction was more likely to be NSTEMI than STEMI (HR: 1.612; CI 1.464-1.774; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The history of CABG does not affect the life expectancy of patients treated for an acute myocardial infarction. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(5): 177-184.

Use of drug-eluting stents in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction: An analysis of the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry.

BACKGROUND: Bare-metal stents (BMS) are frequently implanted in elderly patients instead of drug-eluting stents (DES). We aimed to compare the prognosis of patients treated for myocardial infarction with the two types of stents over the age of 75. METHODS: Data of patients registered in the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry, a mandatory nationwide programme for hospitals treating patients with myocardial infarction were processed. From patients included between January 2014 and December 2017 we created two groups according to DES and BMS implantation. The outcome measures included all-cause mortality, the composite of cardiac events (MACE), repeated revascularisation and transfusion. Propensity score matching was used to balance the groups and Cox proportional hazards' models to estimate the risk during the 1st year after the index event. RESULTS: From 7383 patients (age: 81.08 ± 4.38 years) 3266 (44.2%) patients received DES. The PS-matched cohort included 5780 cases with balanced characteristics. In the DES group, the mortality (HR 0.66 [0.60-0.72]), MACE (HR 0.66 [0.60-0.72]) and the rate of transfusion (HR 0.84 [0.73-0.97]) were significantly lower. The PS-matched cohort showed a similar trend but with a lower rate of benefits with a 21% reduction of mortality and 23% of MACE. Difference in transfusion did not reach the level of significance. In multivariate models, stent type prevailed as an independent predictor of mortality and but not of transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our analysis of a real-life, high-risk population, implantation of DES seems to be an advantageous strategy for elderly patients.

[Emergency care of patients with myocardial infarction: from the onset of symptoms until opening the vessel]. / Szívinfarktus miatt kezelt betegek sürgosségi ellátása: a panasz kezdetétol az ér megnyitásáig.

Introduction and aim: The authors analyse emergency care data for 6878 patients treated for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using data from the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry (HUMIR) and the National Ambulance Service (NAS). Method: Patients received treatment between 01/01/2017 and 31/12/2018, and all patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI): 47.5% of patients had ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 3614 patients (52.5%) had non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The time between the beginning of the complaint and notification of NAS was regarded as the patient delay (PD). The time from the notification of NAS until arrival on the scene (M1), that of the on-site care (M2) and of the transport from the scene to the hospital (M3) were recorded. In-hospital care was evaluated from admission until opening the vessel ("door to balloon time"). The results were also broken down by counties. The median values and the quartiles (Q1, Q3) were given when the time was reported. Results: Patient delay in both types of infarction was unfavourably long: 101 minutes for STEMI and 687 minutes for NSTEMI. Immediate ambulance action was recorded in 58.7% for STEMI patients and 43.7% for NSTEMI patients. In both types of myocardial infarction, the median M1 time was 13 minutes, on-site care (M2) was 23 minutes, and M3 time was 30 minutes. In patients treated for STEMI, the time from hospital admission until opening the infarct-related artery was 37 minutes, and the total ischemic time was 243 minutes. In 9.5% of STEMI patients, the infarct-related artery was opened within 2 hours, in 49.1% within 4 hours, and in 88.1% within 12 hours. Significant differences were found between the counties for each of the periods examined. Conclusions: The PD is currently the biggest problem in providing optimal care timely for myocardial infarction patients. There are significant regional differences in rescue times, and further analysis is needed to investigate the causes. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(12): 458-467.