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Prostomateans, as common inhabitants in diverse aquatic environments, are among the simplest ciliate lineages, and serve as trophic links in food webs. However, only a few members are well-known and thoroughly studied, and the diversity of this group remains elusive. The unique genus Plagiocampa has a long history of research, but few studies have been performed using up-to-date methods. In the present work, Plagiocampa longis Kahl, 1927 and Plagiocampa minima Kahl, 1927, collected from Chinese coastal habitats, were investigated based on microscopical observation, protargol staining, and SSU rRNA gene sequencing. Their ciliature and morphometric data as well as gene sequences are documented. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the family Plagiocampidae is likely monophyletic and has a closer relationship with parasitic Cryptocaryon.
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Background: AMH is important in child growth and the concentrations change with age and gender. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Pylon AMH assays and establish pediatric reference intervals. Methods: The experiments on imprecision, sensitivity, linearity, reportable range, interference and comparison were carried out to evaluate the analytical performance. The AMH reference ranges were calculated in 238 females and 346 males aged 0-18 years using robust methods. Results: The repeatability and the within-laboratory imprecision CVs of the assay were 3.7 % and 6.4 % at 2.25 ng/mL, and 4.6 % and 6.4 % at 15.49 ng/mL, respectively. The sensitivity (LoB = 0.05 ng/mL, LoD = 0.1 ng/mL and LoQ = 0.3 ng/mL) was verified. The linearity was 0.1-19.55 ng/mL and report up to 391 ng/mL with 20x pre-dilution. There was no significant interference from hemoglobin (500 mg/dL), triglyceride (500 mg/dL), bilirubin (10 mg/dL), cholesterol (800 mg/dL) and biotin (3000 ng/mL). The AMH measured by the Pylon assays correlated to those measured by the Elecsys assays. In males, the AMH levels were high at birth (0 d-1 m: median 95.10 ng/mL) and increased to a peak (7 m-1y: median 158.80 ng/mL) before they decreased with age (15-18 y: median 6.31 ng/mL). In females, the AMH concentrations were low at birth (0 d-1 m: median 0.20 ng/mL) and increased with age (15-18 y: median 3.03 ng/mL). Conclusion: The Pylon AMH assays showed good analytical performance and the AMH reference intervals in chinese children determined may provide a basis in clinical diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.
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The intricacies of the human genome, manifested as a complex network of genes, transcend conventional representations in text or numerical matrices. The intricate gene-to-gene relationships inherent in this complexity find a more suitable depiction in graph structures. In the pursuit of predicting gene expression, an endeavor shared by predecessors like the L1000 and Enformer methods, we introduce a novel spatial graph-neural network (GNN) approach. This innovative strategy incorporates graph features, encompassing both regulatory and structural elements. The regulatory elements include pair-wise gene correlation, biological pathways, protein-protein interaction networks, and transcription factor regulation. The spatial structural elements include chromosomal distance, histone modification and Hi-C inferred 3D genomic features. Principal Node Aggregation models, validated independently, emerge as frontrunners, demonstrating superior performance compared to traditional regression and other deep learning models. By embracing the spatial GNN paradigm, our method significantly advances the description of the intricate network of gene interactions, surpassing the performance, predictable scope, and initial requirements set by previous methods.
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Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Redes Neurais de Computação , Humanos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Mapas de Interação de Proteínas/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Genoma Humano , Algoritmos , Código das HistonasRESUMO
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have the functions of wastewater treatment and power generation. The incorporation of modified anodes enhances the sustainable power generation performance of MFCs. In this study, to evaluate the feasibility of sodium alginate (SA) as a biocompatible binder, hydrogel mixed with super activated carbon (SAC) and SA was modified the carbon cloth anode of MFC. The results showed that the maximum output voltage in the SAC/SA hydrogel modified anode MFC was 0.028 V, which was increased by 115%, compared with the blank carbon cloth anode. The internal resistance of MFC was 9429 Ω, which was 18% lower than that of control (11560 Ω). The maximum power density was 6.14 mW/m2, which was increased by 365% compared to the control. After modification of SAC/SA hydrogel, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency reached to 56.36% and was 12.72% higher than the control. Coulombic efficiency with modified anode MFC reached 17.65%, which was increased by 104%, compared with the control. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing SA as a biocompatible binder for anode modification, thereby imparting sustainable and enhanced power generation performance to MFCs. This study presented a new selectivity for harnessing algal bioresources and improving anode binders in future MFC applications.
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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe diarrhea and even death in piglets, resulting in significant economic losses to the pig industry. Because of the ongoing mutation of PEDV, there might be variations between the vaccine strain and the prevailing strain, causing the vaccine to not offer full protection against different PEDV variant strains. Therefore, it is necessary to develop anti-PEDV drugs to compensate for vaccines. This study confirmed the anti-PEDV effect of licorice extract (Le) in vitro and in vivo. Le inhibited PEDV replication in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. By exploring the effect of Le on the life cycle of PEDV, we found that Le inhibited the attachment, internalization, and replication stages of the virus. In vivo, all five piglets in the PEDV-infected group died within 72 h. In comparison, the Le-treated group had a survival rate of 80â% at the same time, with significant relief of clinical symptoms, pathological damage, and viral loads in the jejunum and ileum. Our results suggested that Le can exert anti-PEDV effects in vitro and in vivo. Le is effective and inexpensive; therefore it has the potential to be developed as a new anti-PEDV drug.
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Infecções por Coronavirus , Glycyrrhiza , Extratos Vegetais , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína , Doenças dos Suínos , Vacinas Virais , Animais , Suínos , DiarreiaRESUMO
Objectives: For children with Kawasaki disease (KD) at high risk of developing coronary artery lesions and requiring retreatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), the availability of accurate prediction models remains limited because of inconsistent variables and unsatisfactory prediction results. We aimed to construct models to predict patient's probability of IVIG retreatment combining children's individual inflammatory characteristics. Methods: Clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations of 266 children with KD were retrospectively analysed to build a development cohort data set (DC) and a validation cohort data set (VC). In the DC, binary logistic regression analyses were performed using R language. Nomograms and receiver operating curves were plotted. The concordance index (C index), net reclassification index, integrated discrimination improvement index and confusion matrix were applied to evaluate and validate the models. Results: Models_5V and _9V were established. Both contained variables including the percentages of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD3+ T cells, levels of interleukin (IL)-2R and CRP. Model_9V additionally included variables for IL-6, TNF-α, NT-proBNP and sex, with a C index of 0.86 (95% CI 0.79-0.92). When model_9V was compared with model_5V, the NRI and IDI were 0.15 (95% CI 0.01-0.30, P < 0.01) and 0.07 (95% CI 0.02-0.12, P < 0.01). In the VC, the sensitivity, specificity and precision of model_9V were 1, 0.875 and 0.667, while those of model_5V were 0.833, 0.875 and 0.625. Conclusion: Model_9V combined cytokine profiles and lymphocyte subsets with clinical characteristics and was superior to model_5V achieving satisfactory predictive power and providing a novel strategy early to identify patients who needed IVIG retreatment.
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As a new electrode material for electrochemical systems, covalent organic framework (COF) materials have been gradually applied to bioelectrochemical systems. In our previous study, the COFBTA-DPPD-rGO composite was synthesized via Schiff-base coupling between benzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde (BTA) and 3,8-diamino-6-phenylphenanthridine (DPPD) on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) at room temperature. Here, COFBTA-DPPD-rGO modified MFC anode was used to assist microorganisms to decolorize methyl orange (MO), and the properties of MFCs were studied. The results showed that compared to the unmodified electrode MFC (28 mA m-2, 4.20 mW m-2) the current density and maximum power density of the anode MFC modified by COFBTA-DPPD-rGO (134.5 mA m-2, 21.78 mW m-2) were increased by 380.3% and 423.6%, respectively. The transferred electron number n and charge transfer coefficient α of the modified COFBTA-DPPD-rGO anode (4 and 0.43) compared to the unmodified electrode (2.4 and 0.38) were increased by 67% and 13%, respectively. The decolorization ratio of MO could reach 90.3% at 10 h. Compared with the unmodified electrode MFC (53.0%), the decolorization ratio and kinetic constant of decolorization process were enhanced by 26% and 372%, respectively. Therefore, COFBTA-DPPD-rGO could be a new choice for applying to the MFCs.
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Compostos Azo , Fontes de Energia Bioelétrica , Grafite , Estruturas Metalorgânicas , Fenilenodiaminas , Shewanella , Elétrons , EletrodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: As unicellular eukaryotes, ciliates are an indispensable component of micro-ecosystems that play the role of intermediate nutrition link between bacteria or algae and meiofauna. Recent faunistic studies have revealed many new taxa of hypotrich ciliates, indicating their diversity is greater than previously thought. Here we document an undescribed form isolated from an artificial brackish water pond in East China. Examination of its morphology, ontogenesis and molecular phylogeny suggests that it represents a new species. RESULTS: The morphology and morphogenesis of the new brackish-water deviatid ciliate, Heterodeviata nantongensis nov. sp., isolated from Nantong, China, were investigated using live observations and protargol staining. The diagnostic traits of the new species include three frontal cirri, one buccal cirrus, one or two parabuccal cirri, an inconspicuous frontoventral cirral row of four to six frontoventral cirri derived from two anlagen, three left and two right marginal rows, two dorsal kineties, dorsal kinety 1 with 9-14 dikinetids and dorsal kinety 2 with only two dikinetids, and one to three caudal cirri at the rear end of dorsal kinety 1. Its main morphogenetic features are: (i) the old oral apparatus is completely inherited by the proter except undulating membranes, which are reorganized in situ; (ii) anlagen for marginal rows and the left dorsal kinety develop intrakinetally in both proter and opisthe; (iii) dorsal kinety 2 is generated dorsomarginally; (iv) five cirral anlagen are formed in both proter and opisthe; (v) in the proter, anlagen I and II very likely originate from the parental undulating membranes and the buccal cirrus, respectively, anlage III from anterior parabuccal cirrus, anlage IV originates from the parental frontoventral cirri and anlage V from the innermost parental right marginal row; and (vi) anlagen I-IV of the opisthe are all generated from oral primordium, anlage V from the innermost parental right marginal row. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequence data were performed to determine the systematic position of the new taxon. CONCLUSIONS: The study on the morphology, and ontogenesis of a new brackish-water taxon increases the overall knowledge about the biodiversity of this ciliate group. It also adds to the genetic data available and further provides a reliable reference for environmental monitoring and resource investigations.
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Alveolados , Cilióforos , Filogenia , Ecossistema , China , ÁguaRESUMO
Limited information on the virome and bacterial community hampers our ability to discern systemic ecological risk factors that cause cattle diarrhea, which has become a pressing issue in the control of disease. A total of 110 viruses, 1,011 bacterial genera, and 322 complete viral genomes were identified from 70 sequencing samples mixed with 1,120 fecal samples from 58 farms in northeast China. For the diarrheic samples, the identified virome and bacterial community varied in terms of composition, abundance, diversity, and geographic distribution in relation to different disease-associated ecological factors; the abundance of identified viruses and bacteria was significantly correlated with the host factors of clinical status, cattle type, and age, and with environmental factors such as aquaculture model and geographical location (P < 0.05); a significant interaction occurred between viruses and viruses, bacteria and bacteria, as well as between bacteria and viruses (P < 0.05). The abundance of SMB53, Butyrivibrio, Facklamia, Trichococcus, and Turicibacter was significantly correlated with the health status of cattle (P < 0.05). The proportion of BRV, BCoV, BKV, BToV, BoNoV, BoNeV, BoAstV, BEV, BoPV, and BVDV in 1,120 fecal samples varied from 1.61% to 12.05%. A series of significant correlations were observed between the prevalence of individual viruses and the disease-associated ecological factors. A genome-based phylogenetic analysis revealed high variability of 10 bovine enteric viruses. The bovine hungarovirus was initially identified in both dairy and beef cattle in China. This study elucidates the fecal virome and bacterial community signatures of cattle affected by diarrhea, and reveals novel disease-associated ecological risk factors, including cattle type, cattle age, aquaculture model, and geographical location.IMPORTANCEThe lack of data on the virome and bacterial community restricts our capability to recognize ecological risk factors for bovine diarrhea disease, thereby hindering our overall comprehension of the disease's cause. In this study, we found that, for the diarrheal samples, the identified virome and bacterial community varied in terms of composition, abundance, diversity, configuration, and geographic distribution in relation to different disease-associated ecological factors. A series of significant correlations were observed between the prevalence of individual viruses and the disease-associated ecological factors. Our study aims to uncover novel ecological risk factors of bovine diarrheal disease by examining the pathogenic microorganism-host-environment disease ecology, thereby providing a new perspective on the control of bovine diarrheal diseases.
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Doenças dos Bovinos , Vírus , Animais , Bovinos , Viroma , Filogenia , Vírus/genética , Bactérias/genética , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Prior research has shown that the deconvolution of cell-free RNA can uncover the tissue origin. The conventional deconvolution approaches rely on constructing a reference tissue-specific gene panel, which cannot capture the inherent variation present in actual data. To address this, we have developed a novel method that utilizes a neural network framework to leverage the entire training dataset. Our approach involved training a model that incorporated 15 distinct tissue types. Through one semi-independent and two complete independent validations, including deconvolution using a semi in silico dataset, deconvolution with a custom normal tissue mixture RNA-seq data, and deconvolution of longitudinal circulating tumor cell RNA-seq (ctcRNA) data from a cancer patient with metastatic tumors, we demonstrate the efficacy and advantages of the deep-learning approach which were exerted by effectively capturing the inherent variability present in the dataset, thus leading to enhanced accuracy. Sensitivity analyses reveal that neural network models are less susceptible to the presence of missing data, making them more suitable for real-world applications. Moreover, by leveraging the concept of organotropism, we applied our approach to trace the migration of circulating tumor cell-derived RNA (ctcRNA) in a cancer patient with metastatic tumors, thereby highlighting the potential clinical significance of early detection of cancer metastasis.
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Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , RNA , Humanos , Redes Neurais de Computação , RNA-Seq , Análise de Sequência de RNARESUMO
Background: Cancer has been disproportionally affecting minorities. Genomic-based cancer disparity analyses have been less common than conventional epidemiological studies. In the past decade, mutational signatures have been established as characteristic footprints of endogenous or exogenous carcinogens. Methods: Integrating datasets of diverse cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas and geospatial environmental risks of the registry hospitals from the United States Environmental Protection Agency, we explored mutational signatures from the aspect of racial disparity concerning pollutant exposures. The raw geospatial environmental exposure data were refined to 449 air pollutants archived and modeled from 2007 to 2017 and aggregated to the census county level. Additionally, hepatitis B and C viruses and human papillomavirus infection statuses were incorporated into analyses for skin cancer, cervical cancer, and liver cancer. Results: Mutation frequencies of key oncogenic genes varied substantially between different races. These differences were further translated into differences in mutational signatures. Survival analysis revealed that the increased pollution level is associated with worse survival. The analysis of the oncogenic virus revealed that aflatoxin, an affirmed carcinogen for liver cancer, was higher in Asian liver cancer patients than in White patients. The aflatoxin mutational signature was exacerbated by hepatitis infection for Asian patients but not for White patients, suggesting a predisposed genetic or genomic disadvantage for Asians concerning aflatoxin. Conclusions: Environmental pollutant exposures increase a mutational signature level and worsen cancer prognosis, presenting a definite adverse risk factor for cancer patients.
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Photosynthetic efficiency is the primary determinant of crop yield, including vegetative biomass and grain yield. Manipulation of key transcription factors known to directly control photosynthetic machinery can be an effective strategy to improve photosynthetic traits. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis gain-of-function mutant, cogwheel1-3D, that shows a significantly enlarged rosette and increased biomass compared with wild-type plants. Overexpression of COG1, a Dof transcription factor, recapitulated the phenotype of cogwheel1-3D, whereas knocking out COG1 and its six paralogs resulted in a reduced rosette size and decreased biomass. Transcriptomic and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that COG1 and its paralogs were required for light-induced expression of genes involved in photosynthesis. Further chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that COG1 can directly bind to the promoter regions of multiple genes encoding light-harvesting antenna proteins. Physiological, biochemical, and microscopy analyses revealed that COG1 enhances photosynthetic capacity and starch accumulation in Arabidopsis rosette leaves. Furthermore, combined results of bioinformatic, genetic, and molecular experiments suggested that the functions of COG1 in increasing biomass are conserved in different plant species. These results collectively demonstrated that COG1 acts as a key regulator of plant biomass by promoting photosynthesis and starch accumulation. Manipulating COG1 to optimize photosynthetic capacity would create new strategies for future crop yield improvement.
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Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Biomassa , Amido/metabolismo , Fotossíntese , Plantas/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismoRESUMO
MOTIVATION: As an important player in transcriptome regulation, microRNAs may effectively diffuse somatic mutation impacts to broad cellular processes and ultimately manifest disease and dictate prognosis. Previous studies that tried to correlate mutation with gene expression dysregulation neglected to adjust for the disparate multitudes of false positives associated with unequal sample sizes and uneven class balancing scenarios. RESULTS: To properly address this issue, we developed a statistical framework to rigorously assess the extent of mutation impact on microRNAs in relation to a permutation-based null distribution of a matching sample structure. Carrying out the framework in a pan-cancer study, we ascertained 9008 protein-coding genes with statistically significant mutation impacts on miRNAs. Of these, the collective miRNA expression for 83 genes showed significant prognostic power in nine cancer types. For example, in lower-grade glioma, 10 genes' mutations broadly impacted miRNAs, all of which showed prognostic value with the corresponding miRNA expression. Our framework was further validated with functional analysis and augmented with rich features including the ability to analyze miRNA isoforms; aggregative prognostic analysis; advanced annotations such as mutation type, regulator alteration, somatic motif, and disease association; and instructive visualization such as mutation OncoPrint, Ideogram, and interactive mRNA-miRNA network. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The data underlying this article are available in MutMix, at http://innovebioinfo.com/Database/TmiEx/MutMix.php.
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Glioma , MicroRNAs , Humanos , Difusão , MicroRNAs/genética , Mutação , RNA MensageiroRESUMO
Ciliates in the class Prostomatea play an important role in the global microbial loop due to their significant abundances and broad feeding strategies at the foundation of food webs. Despite their importance in ecosystems, the taxonomy and systematics of this group of ciliates has long been poorly understood, with this being especially true for members of the family Lagynusidae. Here we examine four lagynusids collected from sandy beaches in China, using silver-staining and 18S rRNA gene sequencing techniques. These investigations revealed two new genera and two new species and provided details for two little known forms: Penardella marina gen. nov., sp. nov., Apolagynus cucumis (as reported by Penard. Études sur les infusoires d'eau douce. Georg and Cie, Genève, 1922) gen. nov., comb. nov., Lagynus minutus sp. nov., and Lagynus elegans (Engelmann in Z Wiss Zool 11:347-393, 1862) Quennerstedt (Acta Univ Lund 4:1-48, 1867). Penardella gen. nov. can be morphologically distinguished by having more than three dikinetidal perioral kineties. Apolagynus gen. nov. differs from the closely related genus Lagynus in the absence of a conspicuous neck-like region. The ciliature of Apolagynus cucumis is revealed here for the first time, which demonstrates the classification of this species within Lagynusidae. Furthermore, Apolagynus binucleatus (Jiang et al., 2021) comb. nov. is established according to the new finding. The results of our phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA gene support the establishment of two new genera and indicate that Lagynusidae is monophyletic, which further strengthens its valid taxonomic status.
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Synthetic genome evolution provides a dynamic approach for systematically and straightforwardly exploring evolutionary processes. Synthetic Chromosome Rearrangement and Modification by LoxP-mediated Evolution (SCRaMbLE) is an evolutionary system intrinsic to the synthetic yeast genome that can rapidly drive structural variations. Here, we detect over 260 000 rearrangement events after the SCRaMbLEing of a yeast strain harboring 5.5 synthetic yeast chromosomes (synII, synIII, synV, circular synVI, synIXR and synX). Remarkably, we find that the rearrangement events exhibit a specific landscape of frequency. We further reveal that the landscape is shaped by the combined effects of chromatin accessibility and spatial contact probability. The rearrangements tend to occur in 3D spatially proximal and chromatin-accessible regions. The enormous numbers of rearrangements mediated by SCRaMbLE provide a driving force to potentiate directed genome evolution, and the investigation of the rearrangement landscape offers mechanistic insights into the dynamics of genome evolution.
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Allylic alcohols typically produced through selective hydrogenation of α,ß-unsaturated aldehydes are important intermediates in fine chemical industry, but it is still a challenge to achieve its high selectivity transformation. Herein, we report a series of TiO2-supported CoRe bimetallic catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (CAL) to cinnamyl alcohol (COL) using formic acid (FA) as a hydrogen donor. The resultant catalyst with the optimized Co/Re ratio of 1:1 can achieve an exceptional COL selectivity of 89% with a CAL conversion of 99% under mild conditions of 140 °C for 4 h, and the catalyst can be reused four times without loss of activity. Meanwhile, the Co1Re1/TiO2/FA system was efficient for the selective hydrogenation of various α,ß-unsaturated aldehydes to the corresponding α,ß-unsaturated alcohols. The presence of ReOx on the Co1Re1/TiO2 catalyst surface was advantageous to the adsorption of C=O, and the ultrafine Co nanoparticles provided abundant hydrogenation active sites for the selective hydrogenation. Moreover, FA as a hydrogen donor improved the selectivity to α,ß-unsaturated alcohols.
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Background: Mutational signatures computed from somatic mutations, allow an in-depth understanding of tumorigenesis and may illuminate early prevention strategies. Many studies have shown the regulation effects between somatic mutation and gene expression dysregulation. Methods: We hypothesized that there are potential associations between mutational signature and gene expression. We capitalized upon RNA-seq data to model 49 established mutational signatures in 33 cancer types. Both accuracy and area under the curve were used as performance measures in five-fold cross-validation. Results: A total of 475 models using unconstrained genes, and 112 models using protein-coding genes were selected for future inference purposes. An independent gene expression dataset on lung cancer smoking status was used for validation which achieved over 80% for both accuracy and area under the curve. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the associations between gene expression and somatic mutations can translate into the associations between gene expression and mutational signatures.
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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.11344.].
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Periphytic ciliates play a vital role in the material cycle and energy flow of microbial food web, however, their taxonomy and biodiversity are inadequately studied given their high species richness. Two new and one little known species, viz. Derouxella lembodes gen. et sp. nov., Cyrtophoron multivacuolatum sp. nov., and Cyrtophoron apsheronica Aliev, 1991, collected from coastal waters of China, were investigated using modern methods. Derouxella gen. nov. can be recognized by having dorsoventrally flattened body, a podite, one fragmented preoral kinety, two parallel circumoral kineties, and somatic kineties progressively shortened from right to left. Morphological classification and phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA (nSSU rRNA) and mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal RNA (mtSSU rRNA) gene sequence data inferred that Derouxella gen. nov. occupies an intermediate position between Hartmannulidae and Dysteriidae. Cyrtophoron multivacuolatum sp. nov. is characterized by large body size, the numbers of somatic kineties and nematodesmal rods, and having numerous contractile vacuoles. The genus Cyrtophoron and the poorly known species C. apsheronica were redefined. Even with the addition of newly obtained nSSU rRNA and mtSSU rRNA gene sequences of Cyrtophoron, the family Chlamydodontidae was still recovered as a monophyletic group, the monophyly of Cyrtophoron was supported too.
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Cilióforos , Filogenia , Cilióforos/genética , Genes de RNAr , RNA Ribossômico , China , DNA Ribossômico/genéticaRESUMO
MOTIVATION: Somatic mutation co-occurrence has been proven to have a profound effect on tumorigenesis. While some studies have been conducted on co-mutations, a centralized resource dedicated to co-mutations in cancer is still lacking. RESULTS: Using multi-omics data from over 30â000 subjects and 1747 cancer cell lines, we present the Cancer co-mutation database (CoMutDB), the most comprehensive resource devoted to describing cancer co-mutations and their characteristics. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The data underlying this article are available in the online database CoMutDB: http://www.innovebioinfo.com/Database/CoMutDB/Home.php.