CircVCAN regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of osteoarthritis chondrocyte through NF-κB signaling pathway.

This paper presents both inaccuracies and mistakes. Therefore, the article "CircVCAN regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of osteoarthritis chondrocyte through NF-κB signaling pathway, by H.-R. Ma, W.-B. Mu, K.-Y. Zhang, H.-K. Zhou, R.-D. Jiang, L. Cao, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24 (12): 6517-6525-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202006_21635-PMID: 32633338" has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/21635.

CircVCAN regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of osteoarthritis chondrocyte through NF-κB signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: Osteoarthritis is one of the chronic diseases with a high incidence. CircRNA is a circular non-coding RNA. Studies show that CircRNA is closely relevant to the pathogenesis of OA chondrocytes. However, the specific principle is still unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 38 patients with OA tissues and 38 patients with normal knee cartilage in our hospital were selected, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of CircVCAN were measured by quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation was detected by the Cell Counting Kit (CCK8). Cell cycle and apoptosis of OA chondrocytes were measured by flow cytometry. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to detect PCNA, p50, p52, p65 mRNA and protein expression levels. RESULTS: CircVCAN was highly expressed in OA tissues and OA chondrocytes. Cell proliferation and PCNA expression levels decreased significantly after transfection with si-CircVCAN in OA-chondrocytes. However, there was a significant increase on OA chondrocytes after transfection with LV-CircVCAN. Compared with the si-NC group, the apoptosis rate of OA chondrocytes was significantly increased after transfection with si-CircVCAN. The proportion of G0/G1 phase in the cell cycle was significantly reduced and the proportion of S phase was significantly increased. On the contrary, the apoptosis rate was significantly reduced after transfection with LV-CircVCAN. The proportion of G0/G1 phase in the cell cycle was significantly increased and the proportion of S phase was significantly reduced. The mRNA and protein levels of p50, p52 and p65 were significantly increased after transfection of LV-CircVCAN in OA-chondrocytes. Furthermore, PDTC (NF-κB inhibitor) transfection can significantly reverse the effect of overexpression of CircVCAN on the proliferation and apoptosis of OA chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS: CircVCAN is overexpressed in OA tissues and cells. CircVCAN can affect the proliferation and apoptosis of OA chondrocytes by blocking the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, CircVCAN may be an important target molecule for OA treatment.

[Diagnostic value of D-dimer for chronic periprosthetic infection after hip and knee joint replacement].

Objective: To investigate the diagnose value of D-dimer for chronic periprosthetic infection (PJI) after hip and knee arthroplasty. Methods: A retrospective analyze was conducted on 168 patients underwent revision arthroplasty and primary arthroplasty at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from November 2017 to December 2018.There were 58 males and 110 females, aged(58.6±14.5)years.There were 48 cases of chronic PJI (21 cases of knee joint, 27 cases of hip joint), 57 cases of aseptic loosening (16 cases of knee joint, 41 cases of hip joint), and 63 cases of normal follow-up patients after hip (35 cases) or knee (28 cases) arthroplasty.The levels of D-dimer, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were collected.The levels of D-dimer in patients with chronic PJI of hip and knee joints were compared by Mann-Whitney U test.The diagnostic efficacy of D-dimer, ESR and CRP in chronic PJI of hip and knee joints was analyzed by receiver operator curve (ROC). Results: The D-dimer level was significantly higher in knee chronic PJI patients than hip chronic PJI patients(M (Q(R)) ) (1 040 (1 140.5) µg/L vs.435 (605) µg/L, Z=3.169, P=0.002) . ROC analysis showed that the optimum cutoff value of D-dimer in the diagnosis of chronic PJI was 370.5 µg/L, the sensitivity was 90.5%, the specificity was 84.1%; the optimum cutoff value of CRP was 9.3 mg/L, the sensitivity was 95.2%, the specificity was 90.9%, the optimum cutoff value of ESR was 33 mm/h, the sensitivity was 90.5%, and the specificity was 88.6%.The optimum cutoff value of D-dimer in the diagnosis of chronic PJI of hip joint is 294 µg/L, the sensitivity of diagnosis is 66.7%, the specificity is 77.6%; the optimum cutoff value of ESR is 45 mm/h, the sensitivity of diagnosis is 55.6% , the specificity is 97.4%; the optimum cutoff value of CRP is 8.1 mg/L, the sensitivity of diagnosis is 74.1%, the specificity is 84.2%. Conclusion: The value of D-dimer in the diagnosis of chronic PJI of knee joint is higher than that of hip joint, but the value of D-dimer in the diagnosis of chronic PJI is not better than ESR and CRP.

IRF4-induced upregulation of lncRNA SOX2-OT promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma by regulating SOX2 and PI3K/AKT signaling.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of lncRNA SOX2-OT in the proliferation and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and its underlying mechanisms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 82 patients with CCA underwent surgery in our hospital were enrolled in this study. Five CCA cell lines (HuH-28, QBC939, HuCCT1, CCLP1, RBE) were used. The ability of proliferation and metastasis of CCA cells were detected by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, colony formation assay, and transwell assay, respectively. Additionally, in vivo tumor metastasis assay was done. Furthermore, the Kaplan Meier method was used to validate the prognostic importance of SOX2-OT for patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Besides, the protein and mRNA expression of CCA cells were detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: The expression level of lncRNA SOX2-OT was significantly upregulated in cholangiocarcinoma tissues. Functional assays were further conducted to prove the oncogenic role of SOX2-OT on the proliferation and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, mechanism investigations manifested that transcription factor IRF4 upregulates SOX2-OT by promoting the transcriptional activity of SOX2-OT. SOX2-OT could positively regulate the nearby gene SOX2. SOX2-OT suppressed the nuclear transcription of PTEN, thereby activating PI3K/AKT signaling. CONCLUSIONS: lncRNA SOX2-OT upregulated by IRF4 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma via upregulating SOX2 and activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

In vitro dentin barrier cytotoxicity testing of some dental restorative materials.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the cytotoxicity of four dental restorative materials in three-dimensional (3D) L929 cell cultures using a dentin barrier test. METHODS: The cytotoxicities of light-cured glass ionomer cement (Vitrebond), total-etching adhesive (GLUMA Bond5), and two self-etching adhesives (GLUMA Self Etch and Single Bond Universal) were evaluated. The permeabilities of human dentin disks with thicknesses of 300, 500, and 1000µm were standardized using a hydraulic device. Test materials and controls were applied to the occlusal side of human dentin disks. The 3D-cell scaffolds were placed beneath the dentin disks. After a 24-h contact with the dentin barrier test device, cell viabilities were measured by performing MTT assays. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The mean (SD) permeabilities of the 300-µm, 500-µm, and 1000-µm dentin disks were 0.626 (0.214), 0.219 (0.0387) and 0.089 (0.028) µlmin-1cm-2cm H2O-1. Vitrebond was severely cytotoxic, reducing the cell viability to 10% (300-µm disk), 17% (500µm), and 18% (1000µm). GLUMA Bond5 reduced the cell viability to 40% (300µm), 83% (500µm), and 86% (1000µm), showing moderate cytotoxicity (300-µm) and non-cytotoxicity (500-µm and 1000-µm). Single Bond Universal and GLUMA Self Etch did not significantly reduce cell viability, regardless of the dentin thicknesses, which characterized them as non-cytotoxic. CONCLUSIONS: Cytotoxicity varied with the materials tested and the thicknesses of the dentin disks. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The tested cytotoxicity of materials applied on 300-, 500-, and 1000-µm dentin disks indicates that the clinical use of the test materials (excepting self-etching adhesives) in deep cavities poses a potential risk of damage to the pulp tissues to an extent, depending on the thickness of the remaining dentin.

[Dentin barrier cytotoxicity test with three-dimensional cell cultures].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cytotoxicity of four dentin filling materials and two dentin adhesives with a dentin barrier test and to compare the results with those in a conventional filter diffusion test in order to investigate the advantages of the dentin barrier test. METHODS: Eugenol cement, zinc phosphate cement, adhesive glass ionomer cement, composite resin and two self-etching adhesives (REMI BOND and Adper Easy One) were tested. In the dentin barrier test, L929 mouse fibroblasts were three-dimensional cultured in polystyrene meshes. The dentin disks were cut from the human third molars, near the pulp and in parallel with the occlusal surface, and their permeability within the measurement area was evaluated by a hydraulic permeability device. A mesh with the cells was placed in the "pulp cavity" of the chamber and one dentin disk was put on the cell mesh and its "pulp side" was in contact with the mesh. The test materials and controls were in contact with the "occlusal side" of the dentine disks for 24 h. The cell viability was obtained with MTT assay and the results were expressed as a percentage of control tissues. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to make the statistical analyses. In the filter diffusion test, after a 24 h contact between the test materials and the filters with monolayer cells, the filters were dyed and the grades of cytotoxicity were decided. RESULTS: A mean permeability of the dentin disks near the pulp was 0.293 µL/(min×cm(2)×cmH(2)O)(1 cmH(2)O=0.098 kPa); In the dentin barrier test, Eugenol cement, REMI BOND and Adper Easy One respectively reduced the cell survival rates to 82%, 63% and 54%. Other materials showed no or very low toxic reactions; In the filter diffusion test, the light-curing composite resin was moderately cytotoxic, the dental adhesive glass ionomer cement was mildly cytotoxic and the others were severely cytotoxic; All the six materials in the dentin barrier test had lower cytotoxicity than in the filter diffusion test. CONCLUSION: The cytotoxicity of the test materials using the dentin barrier test with three-dimensional cell cultures is lower than that in the filter diffusion test, which has good correlation with the clinical situation.