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This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of cell-free supernatant of Lactococcus lactis IDCC 2301 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were qualitatively analysed. The expression of signal transductors in inflammatory cascades was quantified by western blot. Treatment with cell-free supernatant of L. lactis IDCC 2301 significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukins including IL-1ß and IL-6. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) were also remarkably reduced in LPS-induced macrophages after the treatment. Furthermore, L. lactis IDCC 2301 reduced the levels of both dephosphorylated and phosphorylated forms of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), IκB-α, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, L. lactis IDCC 2301 shows anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.
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Anti-Inflamatórios , Lactococcus lactis , Lipopolissacarídeos , Macrófagos , NF-kappa B , Óxido Nítrico , Lactococcus lactis/metabolismo , Lactococcus lactis/genética , Animais , Camundongos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Células RAW 264.7 , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Citocinas/genética , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados/farmacologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genéticaRESUMO
Probiotics play an important role in health benefits on the host. However, they also possess potentials for infectivity or in situ toxin production; thus, requiring a comprehensive assessment of their safety. In this study, we report genomic characteristics of a newly isolated Lactobacillus casei IDCC 3451 from infant faeces. Phenotypic assays based on enzyme activities and carbohydrate fermentation profiles represented metabolic features of the strain. Safety evaluation for antimicrobial resistance, biogenic amines production and cytotoxicity to a murine mouse model suggested its safe use as a probiotic strain. Our findings on the genetic background of L. casei IDCC 3451 and its potential features provide a promising functional and safe probiotic strain for the human consumption.
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Genoma Bacteriano/genética , Lacticaseibacillus casei/genética , Lacticaseibacillus casei/metabolismo , Probióticos/efeitos adversos , Probióticos/farmacologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Fezes/microbiologia , Fermentação , Genômica , Humanos , Lactente , Lacticaseibacillus casei/isolamento & purificação , CamundongosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Transoral robotic surgery is an emerging strategy for treating human papillomavirus-positive cancers, but the role of MR imaging in predicting the surgical outcome has not been established. We aimed to identify preoperative MR imaging characteristics that predispose the outcome of transoral robotic surgery toward an insecure (positive or close) surgical margin in human papillomavirus-positive tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between December 2012 and May 2019, sixty-nine patients underwent transoral robotic surgery at our institution. Among these, 29 who were diagnosed with human papillomavirus-positive tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma, did not receive neoadjuvant treatment, underwent preoperative 3T MR imaging, and had postoperative pathologic reports and were included in this retrospective study. Two neuroradiologists evaluated the preoperative MR imaging scans to determine the tumor spread through the pharyngeal constrictor muscle using a 5-point scale: 1, normal constrictor; 2, bulging constrictor; 3, thinning constrictor; 4, obscured constrictor; and 5, tumor protrusion into the parapharyngeal fat. The risk of an insecure surgical margin (involved or <1 mm) according to the MR imaging scores was predicted using logistic regression with the Firth correction. RESULTS: The interobserver agreement for the MR imaging scores was excellent (κ = 0.955, P < .001). A score of ≥4 could predict an insecure margin with 87.5% sensitivity and 92.3% specificity (area under the curve = 0.899) and was the only significant factor associated with an insecure margin in the multivariable analysis (OR, 6.59; 95% CI, 3.11-22.28; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The pre-transoral robotic surgery MR imaging scoring system for the pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a promising predictor of the surgical margin in human papillomavirus-positive tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Margens de Excisão , Neoplasias Tonsilares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Tonsilares/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Músculos/diagnóstico por imagem , Músculos/patologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/métodos , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Neoplasias Tonsilares/virologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and both initial stroke severity at presentation and functional outcomes after acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). METHODS: Patients were categorized on the basis of their BMI into underweight (BMI <18.5, n = 111), normal (18.5 ≤ BMI <25, n = 1036) and overweight to obese (BMI ≥25, n = 472) groups. Initial stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale score at discharge. The differences in stroke severity and functional outcomes were compared between groups using robust log-linear regression with a Poisson distribution and binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1619 AIS patients with NVAF from six hospitals were included. Compared with the NIHSS scores [median 5, interquartile range (IQR) 2-14] of normal-weight patients, the NIHSS scores (median 9, IQR 4-19) of underweight patients were more likely to be higher, whereas those of overweight to obese patients were lower (median 4, IQR 1-12) (P < 0.001). In terms of functional outcomes after stroke, underweight patients had a higher risk of poor functional outcomes (odds ratio 1.78, 95% confidence interval 1.09-2.56, P = 0.01) but overweight to obese patients had no significant difference in functional outcomes compared with normal-weight patients. CONCLUSION: An inverse association was found between BMI and stroke severity in AIS patients with NVAF. This suggests the presence of an obesity paradox for short-term outcomes in patients with NVAF.
Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Isquemia Encefálica , AVC Isquêmico , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiologia , Humanos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hearing loss (HL) is one of the most influential risk factors of dementia in older adults. However, its potential association with neurodegeneration is not well established. The association between HL and cortical thickness in cognitively normal older adults was evaluated. METHODS: In all, 982 cognitively normal older adults (age ≥65 years) were identified from the Health Promotion Center at the Samsung Medical Center from September 2008 to December 2014. The participants underwent pure-tone audiometry and brain magnetic resonance imaging. HL was evaluated according to a four-frequency (0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz) pure-tone average. Participants were divided into three groups according to pure-tone average (normal hearing ≤15 dB, minimal HL 16-25 dB, mild-to-severe HL >25 dB). Cortical thickness in the HL groups was compared with that of the normal hearing group. RESULTS: In women, right ear HL was associated with cortical thinning: the minimal HL group showed cortical thinning in the left frontal and bilateral occipital areas and the mild-to-severe HL group showed cortical thinning in the bilateral frontal, right temporal and bilateral occipital areas compared to the normal hearing group. In men, there was no significant association between HL on either side and cortical thickness. CONCLUSION: In older women, right ear HL is associated with neurodegeneration even in a cognitively normal state. Therefore, managing HL especially in older women may be an effective strategy for dementia prevention.
Assuntos
Afinamento Cortical Cerebral , Perda Auditiva , Idoso , Audiometria de Tons Puros , Encéfalo , Feminino , Perda Auditiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , MasculinoAssuntos
Lipídeos/sangue , Cavidade Nasal/imunologia , Cavidade Nasal/fisiopatologia , Mucosa Olfatória/fisiopatologia , Rinite Alérgica/sangue , Rinite Alérgica/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Rinite Alérgica/imunologia , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaAssuntos
Toxina da Cólera/sangue , Dermatite Atópica/sangue , Dermatite Atópica/imunologia , Eosinófilos/imunologia , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Contagem de Leucócitos , Biomarcadores , Criança , Dermatite Atópica/diagnóstico , Haptoglobinas , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Precursores de Proteínas , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Pele/imunologia , Pele/metabolismo , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sugammadex is a new agent that reverses neuromuscular blockade by aminosteroid neuromuscular blocker. This retrospective study compared the effects of sugammadex on post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) with those of a pyridostigmine-glycopyrrolate mixture. METHODS: We reviewed the electronic medical records of 7179 patients who had received fentanyl-based, intravenous, patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) at Chung-Ang University Hospital between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015. We categorized the patients into two groups on the basis of the type of reversal agent to neuromuscular blockade that was used: a traditional reversal agent (pyridostigmine-glycopyrrolate mixture; Group R; n = 7059) and sugammadex (Group S; n = 120). The propensity score matching method was then used to select 408 subjects in Group R and 115 subjects in Group S; on the basis of their covariates, these subjects were then matched with a counterpart in the other group. RESULTS: After propensity score matching, the two groups were well balanced with respect to all baseline covariates. In Group S, the numeric rating scale of nausea on day 0, as well as the number of patients who vomited on day 0, was lower than that in group R. Furthermore, Group S used fewer rescue antiemetics on day 0 and had a higher complete response on day 0. CONCLUSION: Sugammadex might be more beneficial for PONV compared to pyridostigmine-glycopyrrolate mixture for patients who have received opioid-based IV-PCA.
Assuntos
Glicopirrolato/farmacologia , Náusea e Vômito Pós-Operatórios/epidemiologia , Pontuação de Propensão , Brometo de Piridostigmina/farmacologia , gama-Ciclodextrinas/farmacologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor Pós-Operatória/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , SugammadexRESUMO
This research investigates plasma-treated and metal-coated carbon nanowalls (CNWs) for use as counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The CNWs were synthesized on a fluorine-tin-oxide (FTO) glass substrate using the microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system with methane (CH4) gas. The post-plasma treatment was performed on the CNWs with hydrogen (H2) plasma using PECVD, and the CNWs were sputter-coated with metal films using the RF magnetron sputtering system with a four-inch tungsten (W) target. Then the post-plasma-treated and metal-coated CNWs were used as counter electrodes for the fabrication of the DSSCs. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was performed to obtain cross-sectional and planar images of the grown CNWs. The energy conversion efficiencies of the DSSCs manufactured using the post-plasma-treated and metal-layer-coated CNWs as the counter electrodes were measured.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: We sought to investigate the utility of arterial pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2 ), and central venous oxygen saturation (SCVO2 ) to guide compression depth adjustment. Thus, in a pig model of cardiac arrest, we observed these parameters during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with optimal and suboptimal compression depths. METHODS: Sixteen pigs underwent three experimental sessions after induction of ventricular fibrillation. First, the animals received two 4-min CPR trials with either optimal (20% of the anteroposterior diameter) or suboptimal (70% of the optimal depth) compression depth. Second, the animals received two 5-min CPR trials with optimal compression depth, in which adrenaline (0.02 mg/kg) or saline placebo was administered. Third, the animals randomly received compression with either optimal or suboptimal depth during advanced cardiovascular life support. RESULTS: The systolic arterial pressure reflected compression depth most accurately and immediately (area under the curve [AUC], 0.895-0.939 without adrenaline and 0.928-1.000 with adrenaline). Although the response of ETCO2 to the change in compression depth was 0.5 min slower than that of the systolic arterial pressure, the performance of ETCO2 was comparable with that of systolic arterial pressure. SCVO2 did not reflect compression depth. Adrenaline administration remarkably increased systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, and coronary perfusion pressure but did not affect the ETCO2 readings. CONCLUSION: In a pig model of cardiac arrest, systolic arterial pressure reflected compression depth immediately and accurately. The performance of ETCO2 was comparable with that of systolic arterial pressure. SCVO2 did not reflect compression depth.
Assuntos
Pressão Arterial , Dióxido de Carbono , Animais , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Parada Cardíaca , OxigênioRESUMO
Oxygen signaling is critical for stem cell regulation, and oxidative stress-induced stem cell apoptosis decreases the efficiency of stem cell therapy. Hypoxia activates O-linked ß-N-acetyl glucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of stem cells, which contributes to regulation of cellular metabolism, as well as cell fate. Our study investigated the role of O-GlcNAcylation via glucosamine in the protection of hypoxia-induced apoptosis of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Hypoxia increased mESCs apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, hypoxia also slightly increased the O-GlcNAc level. Glucosamine treatment further enhanced the O-GlcNAc level and prevented hypoxia-induced mESC apoptosis, which was suppressed by O-GlcNAc transferase inhibitors. In addition, hypoxia regulated several lipid metabolic enzymes, whereas glucosamine increased expression of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1 (GPAT1), a lipid metabolic enzyme producing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). In addition, glucosamine-increased O-GlcNAcylation of Sp1, which subsequently leads to Sp1 nuclear translocation and GPAT1 expression. Silencing of GPAT1 by gpat1 siRNA transfection reduced glucosamine-mediated anti-apoptosis in mESCs and reduced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation. Indeed, LPA prevented mESCs from undergoing hypoxia-induced apoptosis and increased phosphorylation of mTOR and its substrates (S6K1 and 4EBP1). Moreover, mTOR inactivation by rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) increased pro-apoptotic proteins expressions and mESC apoptosis. Furthermore, transplantation of non-targeting siRNA and glucosamine-treated mESCs increased cell survival and inhibited flap necrosis in mouse skin flap model. Conversely, silencing of GPAT1 expression reversed those glucosamine effects. In conclusion, enhancing O-GlcNAcylation of Sp1 by glucosamine stimulates GPAT1 expression, which leads to inhibition of hypoxia-induced mESC apoptosis via mTOR activation.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Hipóxia Celular , Glicerol-3-Fosfato O-Aciltransferase/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição Sp1/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Glucosamina/farmacologia , Glicerol-3-Fosfato O-Aciltransferase/antagonistas & inibidores , Glicerol-3-Fosfato O-Aciltransferase/genética , Glicosilação , Camundongos , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Murinas/citologia , Células-Tronco Embrionárias Murinas/transplante , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Interferência de RNA , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Dermatopatias/patologia , Dermatopatias/terapia , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Current methods for verification of endotracheal intubation can fail, particularly in emergency settings. We investigated whether a verification method using electrical stimulation through electrodes placed on the endotracheal tube cuff could distinguish endotracheal and esophageal intubations in an experimental setting. METHODS: During three sequential sessions simulating emergency intubation without paralysis, rapid sequence intubation (RSI) with neuromuscular blockade, and intubation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, eight pigs were intubated with an endotracheal tube fitted with two electrodes exposed on the cuff of the tube, first in the esophagus and next in the trachea or in reverse sequence. Cuff pressure was monitored during a 5-s electrical stimulation (20 mA, 80 Hz, 500 µs), and delta pressure was calculated as the difference between baseline cuff pressure and maximum cuff pressure during the electrical stimulation. RESULTS: Delta pressure was significantly higher in esophageal than in tracheal placements in all three sequential sessions (86.0 [78.3-89.7] vs. 6.5 [2.0-7.9] mmHg, P = 0.001; 16.6 [13.2-22.8] vs. 0.8 [0.3-2.6] mmHg, P = 0.004; 66.1 [60.0-84.7] vs. 2.7 [0.7-9.7] mmHg, P = 0.001). The delta pressure did not overlap between tracheal and esophageal intubations except for the session simulating RSI with neuromuscular blockade, in which one of eight esophageal placements showed a delta pressure within the delta pressure range of tracheal placements. CONCLUSION: Electrical stimulation through electrodes placed on the endotracheal tube cuff produced remarkably greater increases in cuff pressure in esophageal intubations than in tracheal intubations in an experimental setting.
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Estimulação Elétrica , Esôfago , Intubação Intratraqueal/instrumentação , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , Traqueia , Animais , Eletrodos , SuínosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical spectrum, and some forms of AD are associated with the initial steps of allergic march. The aims of this study were to determine AD phenotypes in school-age children and investigate their associations with the allergic march in each cluster. METHODS: We included 242 children (6-8 years) with current AD from the Children's HEalth and Environmental Research study, a 4-year prospective follow-up study with 2-year survey intervals. Latent class analysis was used. Serum IL-13 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) levels at the time of enrollment were measured using ELISA. RESULTS: We identified four current AD phenotypes in children, characterized as 'early onset with low atopy' (26.4% of the sample; group 1), 'early onset with high atopy and high eosinophil percentages' (48.3%; group 2), 'late onset with low atopy' (9.9%; group 3), and 'late onset with high atopy and normal eosinophils' (15.3%; group 4). Although groups 2 and 4 demonstrated high atopic burden, children in group 2 showed the persistence of AD and eosinophilia associated with a high prevalence of new cases of bronchial hyper-responsiveness and asthma symptoms during follow-up. The serum IL-13 level was significantly increased in the early-onset AD groups, but there was no significant difference in the serum TSLP levels across all four groups. CONCLUSION: An allergic march-associated AD phenotype exists that is characterized by early onset of AD with its persistence, increased serum IL-13 levels, high atopy, and a persistently increased blood eosinophil percentage.
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Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/epidemiologia , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/etiologia , Dermatite Atópica/sangue , Dermatite Atópica/complicações , Interleucina-13/sangue , Fatores Etários , Biomarcadores , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/diagnóstico , Criança , Análise por Conglomerados , Comorbidade , Citocinas/sangue , Dermatite Atópica/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Masculino , Fenótipo , Prognóstico , Testes de Função Respiratória , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Linfopoietina do Estroma do TimoRESUMO
Mucin is an important physical barrier against enteric pathogens. VvpE is an elastase encoded by Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio vulnificus; however, the functional role of VvpE in intestinal mucin (Muc) production is yet to be elucidated. The recombinant protein (r) VvpE significantly reduced the level of Muc2 in human mucus-secreting HT29-MTX cells. The repression of Muc2 induced by rVvpE was highly susceptible to the knockdown of intelectin-1b (ITLN) and sequestration of cholesterol by methyl-ß-cyclodextrin. We found that rVvpE induces the recruitment of NADPH oxidase 2 and neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 into the membrane lipid rafts coupled with ITLN to facilitate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The bacterial signaling of rVvpE through ROS production is uniquely mediated by the phosphorylation of ERK, which was downregulated by the silencing of the PKCδ. Moreover, rVvpE induced region-specific methylation in the Muc2 promoter to promote the transcriptional repression of Muc2. In two mouse models of V. vulnificus infection, the mutation of the vvpE gene from V. vulnificus exhibited an increased survival rate and maintained the level of Muc2 expression in intestine. These results demonstrate that VvpE inhibits Muc2 expression by hypermethylation via lipid raft-mediated ROS signaling in the intestinal epithelial cells.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Microdomínios da Membrana/metabolismo , Mucina-2/biossíntese , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Animais , Células CACO-2 , Colesterol/metabolismo , Metilação de DNA/genética , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/biossíntese , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Células HT29 , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/citologia , Lectinas/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Camundongos , NADPH Oxidase 2 , NADPH Oxidases/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Proteína Quinase C-delta/genética , Interferência de RNA , RNA Interferente Pequeno , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Vibrio vulnificus/metabolismo , beta-Ciclodextrinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Arachidonic acid (AA) is largely released during injury, but it has not been fully studied yet how AA modulates wound repair with stem cells. Therefore, we investigated skin wound-healing effect of AA-stimulated human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) in vivo and its molecular mechanism in vitro. We found that transplantation of hUCB-MSCs pre-treated with AA enhanced wound filling, re-epithelization, and angiogenesis in a mouse skin excisional wound model. AA significantly promoted hUCB-MSCs migration after a 24 h incubation, which was inhibited by the knockdown of G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40). AA activated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) and Aktser473 through the GPR40/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, which was responsible for the stimulation of an atypical protein kinase C (PKC) isoform, PKCζ. Subsequently, AA stimulated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and transcription factor Sp1, and induced membrane type 3-matrix metalloproteinase (MT3-MMP)-dependent fibronectin degradation in promoting hUCB-MSCs motility. Finally, the silencing of MT3-MMP in AA-stimulated hUCB-MSCs failed to promote the repair of skin wounds owing to impaired cell motility. In conclusion, AA enhances skin wound healing through induction of hUCB-MSCs motility by MT3-MMP-mediated fibronectin degradation, which relies on GPR40-dependent mTORC2 signaling pathways.
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Ácido Araquidônico/farmacologia , Fibronectinas/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 16 da Matriz/metabolismo , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/métodos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Sangue Fetal/citologia , Humanos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Metalotioneína 3 , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Transdução de Sinais , Pele/lesõesRESUMO
We performed a systematic review to compare the efficacy and safety of the streamlined liner of the pharynx airway and laryngeal mask airway used in adults during general anaesthesia. We included 14 studies with studies with 1273 patients in total. There was no evidence of a difference between the two devices in insertion success rate on the first attempt (13 studies, 1143 patients), insertion time (seven studies, 576 patients), ease of insertion (five studies, 466 patients), oropharyngeal leak pressure (eight studies, 771 patients) and the quality of the fibreoptic view of the larynx through the device (three studies, 281 patients). The relative risk (95% CI) of bloodstaining of the device (nine studies, 859 patients) was 2.09 (1.46-3.00) for the streamlined liner of the pharynx airway compared with the laryngeal mask airway. Other adverse events were comparable. Subgroup analysis suggested that the insertion by novice users might be faster and more successful with the streamlined liner of the pharynx airway than the laryngeal mask airway; however, this was from only two studies and 186 patients. The method of size selection of the streamlined liner of the pharynx airway device might also affect the speed of insertion: choosing according to the width of the patient's thyroid cartilage, rather than height, may produce better results.
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Manuseio das Vias Aéreas/instrumentação , Intubação Intratraqueal/instrumentação , Máscaras Laríngeas , Faringe , Competência Clínica , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodosRESUMO
The Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio vulnificus produces hemolysin (VvhA), which induces cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. However, our understanding of the cytotoxic mechanism and the modes of action of VvhA are still fragmentary and incomplete. The recombinant protein (r) VvhA (50 pg/ml) significantly induces necrotic cell death and apoptosis in human intestinal epithelial (INT-407) cells. The apoptotic cell death induced by rVvhA is highly susceptible to the sequestration of cholesterol by methyl-ß-cyclodextrin, whereas for necrotic cell death, this shows a marginal effect. We found that rVvhA induces the aggregation of lipid raft components coupled with NADPH oxidase enzymes, in which rVvhA increased the interaction of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2, gp91(phox)) with a cytosolic protein NCF1 (p47(phox)) to facilitate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). rVvhA uniquely stimulated a conventional PKC isoform PKCα and induced the phosphorylation of both ERK and JNK, which are responsible for the activation of transcription factor NF-κB. rVvhA induced an NF-κB-dependent imbalance of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and caspase-3/-9 activation during its promotion of apoptotic cell death. In addition, rVvhA has the ability to inhibit the expression of cell cycle-related proteins, such as CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1, and cyclin E. These results demonstrate that rVvhA induces NF-κB-dependent mitochondrial cell death via lipid raft-mediated ROS production by the distinct activation of PKCα and ERK/JNK in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Células Epiteliais/citologia , Proteínas Hemolisinas/metabolismo , Intestinos/citologia , Microdomínios da Membrana/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Vibrio vulnificus/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/fisiologia , Morte Celular/fisiologia , Citocromos c/metabolismo , RatosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare emergence agitation following sevoflurane and desflurane anaesthesia in adults undergoing orthognathic surgery. The hypothesis was that there might be a difference in the incidence of emergence agitation following sevoflurane and desflurane anaesthesia considering the difference in blood solubility and speed of recovery between the two. METHODS: In this prospective randomised double-blind study, 144 adults undergoing orthognathic surgery were randomly allocated to either sevoflurane or desflurane anaesthesia. The incidence of emergence agitation and possible causative factors were then compared between the groups. RESULTS: The incidence of emergence agitation was lower in the desflurane group than in the sevoflurane group (24% vs. 71%, P < 0.001). In addition, the time intervals between the discontinuation of anaesthetics and the first response, extubation, and discharge from post-anaesthesia care unit were significantly shorter in the desflurane group (P = 0.002, P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). The other variables were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In adults undergoing orthognathic surgery, desflurane anaesthesia was associated with less emergence agitation than was sevoflurane anaesthesia.
Assuntos
Período de Recuperação da Anestesia , Anestésicos Inalatórios/efeitos adversos , Isoflurano/análogos & derivados , Éteres Metílicos/efeitos adversos , Cirurgia Ortognática , Agitação Psicomotora/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Desflurano , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Isoflurano/efeitos adversos , Coreia (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Agitação Psicomotora/etiologia , Sevoflurano , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We systematically reviewed randomised controlled trials of the i-gel® vs different types of laryngeal mask airway in children. We included nine studies. There was no evidence for differences in: rate of insertion at first attempt; insertion time; ease of insertion; or gastric tube insertion. The mean (95% CI) oropharyngeal leak pressure was 3.29 (2.25-4.34) cmH2 O higher with the i-gel, p < 0.00001. The relative rate (95% CI) of a good fibreoptic view through the i-gel was 1.10 (1.01-1.19), p = 0.02. There were no significant differences in the rates of complications, except for blood on the airway, relative rate with the i-gel 0.46 (0.23-0.91), p = 0.02. We concluded that the clinical performance of the i-gel and LMA was similar, except for three outcomes that favoured the i-gel.
Assuntos
Equipamentos Descartáveis , Máscaras Laríngeas , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Intubação Intratraqueal/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
A new superconducting 18 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source is being developed at the National Fusion Research Institute in South Korea. This source will be dedicated for future application of highly charged ions in the area of matter interaction, diagnostic imaging, and probing. In this paper, we describe the status of the source development consisting of a double electrode biased disk, sputtering systems for metal ion production, diagnostic ports for the extraction region, a variable gap extraction-Einzel lens system, and a low energy beam transport system.